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Chapter 16: Spielvogel (Scientific Revolution) Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 16: Spielvogel (Scientific Revolution)
Chapter 16: Spielvogel (Scientific Revolution)
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1
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
the planets are made of earth-like material.
the stars are immensely far away.
planetary orbits are elliptical.
the moon orbits around the earth.
2
In his work "Pensées," Pascal...
showed that science and religion were incompatible.
offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory.
popularized the scientific method.
attempt to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid
3
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
engineering, physics, and dentistry
surgery, biology, and astronomy
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
4
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
5
opernicus's major book was titled...
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
The Great Instauration.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
6
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
7
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Johannes Kepler.
Isaac Newton.
Tycho Brahe.
8
For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to...
false worship of nature.
people using nature for their own self-interest.
the establishment of divine right monarchies.
a lack of moral judgment of others.
9
Who created this conception of the universe?
Galileo
Ptolemy
Aristotle
Copernicus
10
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Two Natures.
Mind Over Matter.
Discourse on Method.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
11
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
inertia.
universal mechanics.
planetary motion.
displacement.
12
Newton's major work was...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
Utopia.
Principia.
13
Antoine Lavoisier...
discovered the law of gasses.
gave scientific proof to the theories of Newton.
is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry.
reconciled religion and reason in his Pensées.
14
Newton's world-machine...
indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors.
created a new cosmology in largely a mechanistic terms.
impacted on the Western worldview until the 20th century.
suggested secrets of the world couldn't be known by study.
15
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century...
was largely due to a monastic revolution in education.
was based on scientific achievements of previous centuries.
directly resulted from reaction against the Middle Ages.
was stimulated by a revived interest in ancient authorities.
16
Galileo wrote...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia and Pensées.
a translation of the Bible in Italian.
The Starry Messenger.
17
The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as...
the pantheistic theory.
the geocentric conception.
the lunacentric conception.
the expanding universe.
18
Scholars devoted to Hermeticism...
retreated from the natural world to focus on magic mastery.
believed that the world was a recent and imperfect creation.
believed the devil controlled the dark secrets of nature.
believed humans could use math and magic to dominate nature.
19
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
20
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
regularly published scientific journals.
college departments for scientific study.
fund-raising events for medical research.
21
Maria Winkelmann...
was an English aristocrat.
authored "Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam."
was the first woman named to a university teaching position.
a German astronomer.
22
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
herbal healing.
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
23
Renaissance humanists' mastery of Greek made new works of which of the following available?
Galen.
All of these.
Archimedes.
Plato.
24
Scientist whose work led to the law that a volume of a gas varies with pressure upon it was...
Antoine Lavoisier.
Robert Boyle.
William Harvey.
Andreas Vesalius.
25
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
speculative reasoning.
inductive reasoning.
deductive reasoning.
triangulation.
26
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Kepler.
Copernicus.
Galileo.
Newton.
27
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
began to receive recognition and training.
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
28
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
mystical experiences.
incorporating the mind with the body.
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
29
The author of "Observations upon Experimental Philosophy and Grounds of Natural Philosophy" was
Margaret Cavendish.
Maria Merian.
Marie-Anne Lavoisier.
Maria Winkelmann.
30
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The moon.
The sun.
The epicycles.
The earth.
31
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Harvey.
Galen.
Paracelsus.
Vesalius.
32
Benedict de Spinoza...
claimed that God was the universe not just the creator.
disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe.
rejected all forms of pantheistic belief.
believed humans were created separate from nature.
33
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
34
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
35
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
36
When was this conception of the universe prevalent?
Roman Empire
Scientific Revolution
Classical Greece
Middle Ages
37
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
38
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
the moon orbits the sun.
nothing can ever really be proven.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
39
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
was common only in Italy.
replaced funding by the church.
was directed only towards pure research.
became an international phenomenon.
40
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
41
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to...
allow women to enroll in most of Europe's universities.
dispel traditional myths of female inferiority.
create differences between men-women to show men's dominance
increase the role of women in the child-bearing process.
42
The philosophy of René Descartes...
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
43
According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?
Astronomy.
Mathematics.
Art.
Biology.
44
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
45
Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by...
making accurate observations of the planets.
working out the theory of inertia.
inventing the astrolabe.
calculating the distance to the sun.
46
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
47
The French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's...
focus on theoretical work in mechanics and astronomy.
publication of scientific journals.
absence of government support and control.
abundant government support and control.
48
Maria Sibylla Merian...
was trained at the University of Berlin.
completed much of her scientific work in Africa.
earned her a place in the Royal Academy of Science.
gained fame as an important entomologist.
49
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
to be burned at the stake.
to house arrest.
five years of hard labor in prison.
50
The work of Blaise Pascal...
prioritized reason over faith.
firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity.
believed that reason had limitations.
succeeded in uniting Christianity and science.
