List of Confusing Pairs Pt. 2

Hunger center of the brain

Defense mechanism in which we express the opposite of how we really feel

Defense mechanism in which we revert back to an earlier psychosexual in response to anxiety

Theory of emotion that states that the physiological change & the emotion happen simultaneously & independently

Monocular cue in which things with a smaller retinal image are perceived as being further away

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned response

Type of associative learning in which we learn to link two or more stimuli; allows for prediction (Pavlov's dog)

The minimum stimulus energy needed to perceive a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Treatment involving psychological techniques & interaction between a trained therapist & a client

Defense mechanism in which we redirect aggression from the original target to one less threatening

Stage of cognitive development in which children can think logically about real events

This modern perspective looks at the relative impact of our thoughts, our biology, & our environment on behavior

Defense mechanism in which we push anxiety-causing thoughts into the unconscious

Part of the personality that works off of the morality principle

Processing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to integration in the brain

The removal of something pleasant or the addition of something unpleasant in order to decrease a behavior

Schedule of reinforcement in which the reward comes after an average or unknown # of behaviors or length of time

Defense mechanism in which we disguise our own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Believing that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Friedman & Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people

Understanding of our own and others' mental states & what they might predict

Theory of emotion that posits that we give a cognitive label to physiological change which influences our emotion

Process by which stimulus energies are sent to the brain

Process of changing or creating an entirely new schema in order to incorporate new information

Stage of moral development in which children determine right from wrong based on reward or punishment

In classical conditioning, the previously NS that elicits a CR after pairing with US

States that we have neurons in the optic nerve that respond to either blue or yellow, black or white, and red or green

Processing that draws on our previous experiences and our expectations

Type of associative learning in which we link a behavior with a consequence

Cells in the retina where transduction occurs for vision

The minimum change between two stimuli required to notice a change 50% of the time

States that we have cones in the retina that respond to blue, green, & red

Stage of cognitive development in which we can think about abstract ideas and test hypotheses

A desire to perform a behavior in return for some external incentive

Schedule of reinforcement in which the reward comes after a length of time

Processing that draws on our previous experiences and our expectations

Friedman & Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally-aggressive, & anger-prone people

Process of organizing & interpreting sensory information

Idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Stage of cognitive development in which children can role play & use language, but do not understand conservation

Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

Process of incorporating new information into a preexisting schema

Believing that we are in control of our own fate

Part of the personality that attempts to satisfy both the pleasure principle & the morality principle

Photoreceptors located in the fovea that respond to color and allow us to see detail

The removal of an unpleasant stimulus in order to increase a behavior

A complex behavior that is rigidily patterned throughout a species & is unlearned

Personality test used by psychodynamic theorists where a patient responds to an ambiguous image

Schedule of reinforcement in which the reward comes after a set number of behaviors or length of time

In Piagetian theory, a child's difficulty in taking another's point of view

Monocular cue in which things that are higher in the visual field are perceived as being further away

Schedule of reinforcement in which the reward comes after a number of a target behavior

Satiety center of the brain

Part of the personality that works off of the pleasure principle

A questionnaire used to assess certain personality traits

Theory of emotion that posits that a specific physiological change causes a specific emotion

Photoreceptors located in the periphery of the retina that respond to black/white & dim lighting; poor detail

A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake