stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
HIST 1301 F23 Final review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
HIST 1301 F23 Final review
HIST 1301 F23 Final review
90 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
132 plays
history of science and technology
Flashcards
90 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
90
Answers
1
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Goethe
Paley
Owen
Darwin
2
Why did European Alchemists refer to Aristotle's
Meteorology
?
It promised gold and glory
They believed Aristotle was the greatest alchemist
Aristotle proposed how metal formed naturally and they wanted to copy
It had recipes to transmute metals into greater metals
3
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
Both of these answers
Our world is governed by universal laws
Neither of these answers
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
4
Galileo's drawings of the moon were revolutionary because:
he moon was bigger than previously thought
There was a face on the moon
It demonstrated the perfection of the cosmos
The moon was not a perfect sphere
5
This explorer and natural philosopher believed that you had to "be there".
Owen
Darwin
Goethe
von Humboldt
6
Who explained how electricity works (with + and - charges) by comparing it to an economy?
Franklin
Volta
Galvani
Newton
7
[⋆⋆] Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher.
False
True
8
Between 1813 and 1833 the number of power looms in Britain climbed from 2,400 to
5,000
25,000
1,000,000
100,000
9
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
Neither of these answers
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
Our world is governed by universal laws
Both of these answers
10
Which Western civilization had the most advanced sanitation before the 19th century?
England
Greece
Byzantine
Rome
11
__________ proposed that the world was separated into fire, air, earth, water, love & strif
Leucippus
Anaximander
Empedocles
Thales
12
German alchemist Henning Brand used human urine to discover phosphorus. Why did he start with urine?
It was a warm.
He was trying to isolate ammonia.
It came from a living human body.
They knew the power of urea.
13
Bacon believed that lack of progress was due to ....
lack of imagination
lack of application
lack of skill
lack of knowledge
14
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity a book sitting on a desk is subject to forced motion.
False
True
15
The Coal and Colonies theory is an explanation of why the Industrial Revolution began in _____.
France
America
England
Australia
16
What were the Presocratic 'Schools of Thought'?
Physical Buildings that scholars studied in.
Groups of students and teachers who thought about the same problems.
Groups of scholars who published their work together in collected works.
17
_____ didn't believe that the earth's cycles could result in permanent extinction
Lyell
Lamark
Paley
Owen
18
According to Aristotle which classification of animal belonged highest on the hierarchy?
viviparous quadrupeds
oviparous quadrupeds
crustacea
testacea
19
Who noticed the similarities between tongue stones and shark's teeth?
Nicholas Steno
Charles Lyell
William Smith
Robert Boyle
20
In Greek architecture the stone that bridges the top of the columns is called a(n):
beam
Arch
Ceiling
Lintel
21
Who noticed that plants an animals vary based on climate and altitude?
Lyell
Newton
Smith
von Humboldt
22
William Perkin, the father of Industrial Chemistry, discovered mauve while trying to make:
quinine
cinchona
alanine
none of these
23
When we talk about the Presocratics, we are referring to a period that stretched from
400 BCE - 146 CE
600-400 BCE
3000 BCE - 400 CE
400-600 CE
24
The Islamic Empire imported paper making technology from this Empire
Ottoman
Chinese
Greek
Roman
25
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Earth and Air
Starry and Earthy
Celestial and Terrestrial
Wet and Dry
26
Goethe believed that there each plant had an
Urplflanze,
what was it?
The leaves
The seed
Its fundamental form
It's ability to produce other plants
27
Why did people switch from wool to cotton during the Industrial Revolution?
All of these
It required less care
It became fashionable
It was cheaper
28
Who wrote
Elements of Chemistry
and together with his wife identified 33 of the elements?
Franklin
Priestly
Lavoisier
Black
29
Did Plato believe that you could trust your senses?
Yes
No
Only some of them
30
When society provides for individuals who then contribute with special skills, it is called:
Diversification
Apprenticeship training
Specialization
Education
31
What is 'enclosure'?
Common agricultural and grazing lands became private
Animals were enclosed by fences
Prison was reformed
The government voted to make all land public
32
When did the Neolithic Revolution occur?
800 CE
600 BCE
12 000-10,000 years ago
5,000 - 6,000 years ago
33
Who developed the science of stratigraphy?
Nicholas Steno
Charles Lyell
William Smith
William Paley
34
Which of the following was NOT an important prerequisite for scientific thinking?
Democracy
Literacy
Contact with other cultures
Prosperity
35
Ancient _______ was the world's first widely literate society and is credited with being the birthplace of Science.
Rome
Mesopotamia
Greece
Egypt
36
Plato's Cosmos was the product of...
Reason and planning
Random combinations of atoms
The will of the gods
The Big Bang
37
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
Is change possible?
What am I?
How does the earth move?
Are there gods?
38
Which of the following cannot be transmuted into the others?
Fire
Air
Water
Earth
39
This French thinker tried to replace Aristotelianism with his own system.
Voltaire
Rene Descartes
Andreas Vesalius
Francois Poulain
40
Cultural movement that responded against the percieved Enlightenment mechanization of world:
Nostalgia
Renaissance
Newtonism
Romanticism
41
This frontispiece to Spratt's History of the Royal Society depicts Brouckner, Charles II and:
Robert Boyle
Francis Bacon
Isaac Newton
Robert Hooke
42
Theory that the causes of geological phenomenon are uniform throughout time
Catastrophism
Directionalism
Uniformalism
Cyclism
43
Hutton argued that the story of the earth was cyclical and had a purpose, it was:
to confuse geologists
to demonstrate God's power
to make the earth habitable
a mystery
44
What was the study of nature called before people started to use the term "science"?
Nature study
Scientia
Cosmology
Natural Philosophy
45
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
How does the earth move?
What am I?
Is change possible?
Are there gods?
46
By _____C.E. all
extant
Greek work on medicine, science, and math were translated into Arabic.
1000
723
500
125
47
What is one of the reasons that an industrial revolution did not occur in Ancient Rome?
They lacked the knowledge of mathematics that the Greeks had
They didn't understand practical skills like metalurgy
Slave labour made labour-saving innovation unnecessary.
They believed that machines were dangerous and irreligious
48
Writers and thinkers who advanced Enlightenment ideals were called
Encyclopedists
Newtonians
Natural Philosophers
Philosophes
49
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
water
towns
mines
train tracks
50
Using Arkwright's machine you could process 100lbs of cotton in:
10 hours
300 hours
1 hour
50,000 hours
51
Who concluded that the tusks and teeth found in Siberia were not from elephants but a related animal?
Cuvier
Steno
Buffon
Lyell
52
When did the Industrial Revolution begin?
17th century
19th century
16th century
18th century
53
The Almagest,an ancient work that influenced Renaissance astronomer Copernicus, was written by:
Aristotle
Galen
Pythagoras
Ptolemy
54
Aristotle proposed five elements: earth, air, water, fire, and __________
Divine
Aether
Quintessence
Firmament
55
What water technology did the early Islamic Empire adopt and improve to improve agriculture?
Noria
Canals
Aqueducts
Qanats
56
19. Aristotle believed that you could trust your senses?
No, never!
Yes, totally!
Meh, sometimes
57
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Owen
Goethe
Darwin
Paley
58
What does Renaissance mean?
Death
Renewal
Rebirth
LIfe
59
A Cosmogony seeks to
Explain the origins of the universe
Understand how the universe works
Pass on history
Explain the basic laws of physics
60
d'Alembert:
The goal of science should be to reduce things to ______ & thereby understand them.
mechanical properties
basic features
innate structures
fundamental natures
61
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Earth and Air
Starry and Earthy
Wet and Dry
Celestial and Terrestrial
62
Who were the Nestorians?
Islamic scholars who worked at the House of Wisdom
Rich land owners who founded an Academy
Christian monks who specialized in scribing and translation
Heretics who studied Plato and Aristotle
63
This famous silver smith is credited with inventing movable type in the Western world
Martin Luther
Rene Descartes
Johanes Gutenberg
Isaac Newton
64
What was the purpose to the elevation of Roman roads?
So that soldiers could see far and avoid ambush
Architects believed height brought them closer to the gods
So people could not get on them without paying a toll
To keep them free from animals
65
What is Mercantilism?
A parliamentary monarchy
An economic practice where a country's economy increases its power
An economy based on manufacturing
When merchants govern a country
66
Which of these is
not
a common characteristic of a profession?
Specialized skills and training
Self-governing
Government control
Recognized authority
67
One of the ways that the English (and later British) Parliament encouraged innovation was through the _____ of 1624.
Profit by Patent Act
English Statute of Monopolies
Abolishment of Monopolies Act
British Patent Act
68
If you attended a medieval university you would study
Whatever you were most interested in
Business
Only what the church approved
The seven liberal arts
69
Fully Alphabetic Languages were developed by _____ and widely in use by ______
1500 BCE & 800 BCE
800 BCE & 500 BCE
100 BCE & 200 CE
3000 BCE & 2000BCE
70
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1785
1665
1833
1813
71
What 'revolution' did literacy accompany?
Industrial
Neolithic
Agricultural
Scientific
72
When did the Italian Renaissance begin?
14th century
17th century
15th century
16th century
73
Which Presocratic asserted that everything was made of atoms with voids in between?
Empedocles
Thales
Aristotle
Democritus
74
Among the Platonic Solids the Tetrahedron represented ________
Air
Water
Fire
Love
75
The Agricultural Revolution in Medieval Europe resulted in:
Widespread unemployment and starvation
The end of small farms and farming
A heavy reliance on manual labour
A move to mechanical rather than animal/human power
76
Why were the first steam engines developed (in England and Wales)?
To power trains
To harvest crops
To power factories
To access coal from mines
77
Greek influence is evident in the ________ structure of the Roman Pantheon.
Spherical
Arched
Marble
Dodecahedron
78
Which of these is not an example of neolithic pyro-technology?
pottery
metalurgy
plaster
brick
79
The Aristotelian Universe was:
heliostatic
geocentric
heliocentric
80
Hippocratic Medicine adopted the system of contraries developed by
Plato
Empedocles
Heraclitus
Aristotle
81
According to Aristotle's system of biology what type of soul did humans, plants and animals all share in common?
Creative
Sensitive
Nutritive
Rational
82
Why did many of the early natural philosophers assume that the earth was a sphere?
Priests told them it was
They observed other planets and knew earth was the same
Centrifugal force
The sphere was a divine shape
83
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity fire will always ____
Move away from the centre of the universe
Move toward the centre of the universe
Move toward the sun
84
What building was assembled from pre-made steel rods and glass for the Great Exhibition of 1851?
The Exhibition Palace
Prince Albert's Greenhouse
The Crystal Palace
The Dinosaur Palace
85
What does viviparous mean?
living
Born live
Born from eggs
non-living
86
Which if these would NOT be considered one of Aristotle's "bloodless" animals?
crab
shark
dragonfly
sea anemone
87
Who founded the Academy in Athens in 388?
Socrates
Empedocles
Aristotle
Plato
88
What material did the Romans invent by adding aggregates to cement?
Plaster
Arches
Cement
Concrete
89
What did Stephen Grey's experiment with the orphan boy demonstrate?
That static was electricity.
That anyone could make scientific discoveries.
Materials act as insulators and conductors of electricity.
That ethics boards were not yet established.
90
The wooden cranes and pulleys used by the Romans to build the Colosseum eliminated slave labour
true
false
