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World History and Geography Part 1
World History and Geography Part 1
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World History and Geography Part 1 released Virginia SOL test questions from 2012 and 2014
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1
Which civilization best completes this diagram?
Persian
Egyptian
Incan
Mayan
2
During the Neolithic Era, which change first resulted in the creation of settled communities?
Invention of written language
Development of agriculture
Use of pottery
Specialization of labor
3
The Vedas and the Upanishads are sacred writings of-
Judaism
Buddhism
Hinduism
Zoroastrianism
4
What was the purpose of this structure?
To defend a city
To practice a religion
To make travel easier
To carry water
5
These events occurred in the nation-state of —
Spain
England
Russia
France
6
Which characteristic describes the earliest followers of Islam?
Lived on the Arabian Peninsula
Migrated from Central Asia
Nomads in West Africa
Sea traders from South Asia
7
Which choice belongs in this diagram?
Plebeians in section 1
Emperors in section 2
Consuls in section 2
Patricians in section 1
8
Which list places these events in the correct chronological order?
1, 2, 4, 3
3, 1, 2, 4
4, 3, 1, 2
2, 4, 3, 1
9
Which text is a central document of Judaism?
Koran (Qur’an)
Torah
Upanishads
Analects
10
The Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers were boundaries for the empire of —
Ghana
Zimbabwe
Nubia
Kush
11
Which phrase completes this diagram?
Growth of Universities
Development of Guilds
Production of Books
Construction of Monasteries
12
Which number shows where Roman civilization first developed?
2
3
4
1
13
What was one impact of this event?
A permanent split occurred within the religion.
Muslim pilgrims no longer traveled to Medina.
The desert tribes declared a lasting truce.
Muslim teachers no longer made the Hajj.
14
Which movement had the greatest influence on the Renaissance?
Humanism
Romanticism
Utopianism
Feudalism
15
Which group was most responsible for spreading this cultural characteristic?
Roman soldiers
Egyptian pharaohs
Islamic traders
Sumerian bureaucrats
16
Emperor Constantine influenced the traditions of Western civilization by -
codifying Roman law in the Middle East
unifying Europe by founding the Holy Roman Empire
sending Roman soldiers to the Middle East
legalizing Christianity within the Roman Empire
17
Which number on map represents theregion where archaeologists believe the firsthumans appeared?
4
1
2
3
18
The Mayan and Aztec civilizations advanced the development of-
ocean navigation
calendars
manufacturing goods
printing
19
The Magna Carta was important because it —
ended the system of feudalism
increased the influence of the church
limited the power of the king
established the right of assembly
20
Constantine brought a significant change to the Roman Empire by —
writing a constitution
abolishing slavery
moving the capital
banning monotheism
21
Which event helped to spread Islam in Africa?
Establishment of trade with Timbuktu
Relocation of capital to Baghdad
Conquest of Damascus
Conquest of Jerusalem
22
Which belief is associated with Shintoism?
Reincarnation depends on karma.
People must respect nature spirits.
People will experience an afterlife.
The gods interfere in human lives.
23
Which number represents the location of ancient Athens?
4
2
1
3
24
Which empire was best known for libraries that preserved ancient Greek and Roman knowledge?
Gupta
Chinese
Byzantine
Mongol
25
Hippocrates made important contributions in the area of —
philosophy
sculpture
poetry
medicine
26
Which number on the map marks the location of this building?
1
3
2
4
27
Shinto had which lasting effect on Japanese culture?
Division of people into rigid social classes
Focus on military devotion as the highest form of virtue
Adoption of examination system to select officials
Emphasis on the beauty of the natural world in art
28
Which civilization most lnnuenced the architecture of this church?
Greek
Roman
Byzantine
Indian
29
One of the main accomplishments of Justinian was —
making Christianity the official religion ofthe Roman Empire
defeating an invading army of Ottoman Turks
reconquering territory that had belonged to the Roman Empire
stoppingthe Islamic conquest of Western European territories
30
Which action best completes this diagram?
Prohibition of money lending
Control of price levels
Limitation of economic regulations
Adoption of uniform currency
31
The cause of the split in Islam after Muhammad's death was a difference of opinion concerning -
pilgrimages
leaders
expansion
prayer
32
Which factor had the greatest effect on the movements of early nomadic societies?
Religious beliefs
Tribal treaties
Mineral deposits
Survival needs
33
Early Hellenic culture spread from Greece to Asia Minor as a result of —
democratic elections
sea trade
dynastic decline
climate changes
34
What was the major change caused by the agricultural revolution?
Increase of spoken languages
Elimination of trade
End of hunting
Development of permanent settlements
35
Many Incan cities were easily defended because they were built-
on mountaintops
in canyons
in rainforests
on islands
36
According to this quotation, Christopher Columbus relied on technology that originated in -
Italy
China
Spain
Arabia
37
Which characteristic describes the early Catholic Church?
Conducted services in Greek
Centered in Mecca
Established monasteries in Russia
Headed by the Pope
38
Which institution in Western Europe had the most power during the Middle Ages?
Roman universities
Merchant guilds
The Church
The feudal system
39
Which characteristic was most common in ancient river valley civilizations?
Social equality
Hereditary rule
Limited population growth
Limited economic growth
40
These statements describe characteristics of the early -
Zoroastrians
Buddhists
Muslims
Christians
41
The Gupta Empire made a major contribution to world civilizations by developing —
wind-powered boats
the concept of zero
the production of porcelain
long-lasting roads
42
The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai benefited from being near the-
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea coast
largest European cities
Trans-Saharan trade routes
43
Which of these best completes this diagram?
Vedas
Twelve Tablets
Ten Commandments
Upanishads
44
What characteristic did the Persian Empire share with the Roman and Incan Empire?
Widespread road system
Written system of law
Uniform system of money
Monothesistic religious system
45
The first European universities were based on the scholarly contributions of —
monasteries
guilds
manors
courts
46
Which region best replaces the question mark?
Greece
China
Egypt
Mesopotamia
47
According to the Mandate of Heaven, a Chinese emperor could remain in power as long as he-
conquered new territories
obeyed the priests
governed as a just ruler
controlled the army
48
This is a quotation from -
Pythagoras
Pericles
Hippocrates
Homer
49
Which primary factor encouraged Greek city-states to develop different identities?
Religion
Language
Geography
Economy
50
Which number marks a province of the Roman Empire?
2
4
1
3
51
Which statement describes the origin of these terms?
They are events from Roman history.
They are found in Babylonian legends.
They are actions of Egyptian gods.
They are taken from Greek mythology.
52
Which art form is most associated with the Byzantine culture?
Sculpture
Tapestries
Mosaics
Music
53
Howdid Rome's military conquests affect the economic and social structures of theRoman Republic
Soldiers deserted to join enemy armies attacking Rome.
Trade routes fell into disuse throughout the Republic.
The Republic adopted a monotheistic religion.
Slavery became important to Rome's agricultural production.
54
The rivervalley civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia developed governments that were ruled by
tribal councils
religious authorities
elected officials
representative assemblies
55
Ancient Athens was responsible for developing which concept in government?
Direct democracy
Civil service
Written laws
Elected legislatures
56
Which city was an obstacle to early Rome's control of the Mediterranean region?
Alexandria
Corinth
Carthage
Athens
57
This sequence describes the development of government in ancient —
Athens
Rome
Byzantium
Sparta
58
Which information correctly completes this table?
Column 1—Accepted the authority of the Patriarch
Column 2—Centered in Rome
Column 1—Centered in Constantinople
Column 2—Used Greek language in liturgy
59
During the Paleolithic Era, how did most early humans acquire food?
From domesticated animals
From nearby settlements
By planting crops
By following animal migrations
60
This quotation describes the-
triumph of the Ottoman Turks at Tours
collapse of Western control of Jerusalem
collapse of Rome as a result of the barbarian invasions
triumph of Pope Urban in retaking the Holy Land
61
Which religion encourages its followers to make a pilgrimage to this site?
Hinduism
Christianity
Buddhism
Islam
62
Which civilization influenced the architecture in this picture?
Russian
Greek
Byzantine
Islamic
63
Which empire Is associated with this river system?
Chinese Empire
Gupta Empire
Phoenician Empire
Babylonian Empire
64
Which ancient writing system is illustrated in this picture?
Chinese characters
Egyptian hieroglyphics
Sumerian cuneiform
Phoenician alphabet
65
The defining characteristic of polytheistic religions is the idea that-
past actions control the destiny of each person
there are many gods and goddesses in existence
there is an eternal struggle between good and evil
beings undergo many cycles of rebirth
66
Living in hannony with nature is an important part of Chinese culture primarily because of-
Buddhism
Hinduism
Taoism
Confucianism
67
Which change was a result of the rise of the feudal system?
Long-distance trade routes were developed.
Local lords had the most political power.
Artistic achievements became socially important.
Major cities were established.
68
During the Renaissance, these authors were most often studied by -
humanists
bankers
parish priests
feudal lords
69
The Battle of Tours was significant because it marked the —
end of the Crusades in the Middle East
beginning of British dominance in Northern Europe
beginning of Turkish rule in the Balkans
end of Muslim expansion into Western Europe
70
During the Middle Ages Greek and Roman classics were preserved when they were translated into -
Chinese
Persian
Arabic
Russian
71
What best completes the title of this map?
the Crusades
Judaism
the Plague
Islam
72
When studying prehistoric people, cave drawings like this one allow archaeologists to —
study farming techniques
understand spoken languages
interpret written records
speculate about daily lives
73
Which empire is described by these characteristics?
Ottoman Empire
Persian Empire
Mongol Empire
Byzantine Empire
74
Which type of government was used in the Persian Empire?
Republic
Democracy
Religious oligarchy
Imperial bureaucracy
75
Which phrase best describes the geographic location of the Mayan civilization?
Deserts in Mexico
Woodlands of North America
Mountains of Brazil
Rainforests in Central America
76
Machu Picchu is located in which type of geographic region?
Mountains
Plains
Arid valley
Rain forest
77
Which phrase best completes this diagram?
Church Rules on Usury
Use of Arabic Numbers
Closure of Banks
Letters of Credit
78
Which factor strengthened both the Byzantine Empire and the empire of Charlemagne?
Respect for elders and ancestors
Studies of geography and medicine
Patrons of painters and sculptors
Unity between politics and religion
79
In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli explained why it is necessary for leaders to have —
absolute power
constitutional government
democratic participation
political equality
80
This speech helped to start the —
Holy Roman Empire
First Crusade
Norman Conquest
Hundred Years’ War
81
Which accomplishment is associated with Alexander the Great?
The introduction of Christianity to the Near East
The destruction of the Athenian navy in battle
The spread of Greek culture throughout the empire
The defeat of the Chinese army in Asia
82
Which statement best explains the migration of early humans?
People searched for new sources of food.
Rise of civilizations displaced other people.
Religious conflicts made people leave disputed lands.
Natural disasters forced people to leave native lands.
83
Whose codification of Roman law has strongly influenced European laws of today?
Marcus Aurelius
Augustus Caesar
Constantine
Justinian
84
The ruling authority of China’s ancient dynasties was based on the —
Ten Commandments
Code of Hammurabi
Twelve Tables
Mandate of Heaven
85
In this quotation, Pericles describes Athenian society as valuing —
civic responsibility
military discipline
economic opportunity
religious freedom
86
The ancient Hebrews established a civilization near which location?
4
2
3
1
87
Which regions were connected by the Silk Roads?
Western Europe and East Africa
East Asia and the Mediterranean basin
Northern Europe and the Mediterranean basin
East Africa and Southeast Asia
88
Which characteristic was shared by the Aztec and Mayan civilizations?
4
1
2
3
89
Which event is described in this list?
The Punic Wars
The Gallic Wars
The Peloponnesian War
The Trojan War
90
Which number marks the location of an African kingdom that adopted Christianity?
3
4
1
2
91
The ancient Hebrews were among the first to develop a religious tradition that included —
ancestor worship
holy pilgrimages
sacrifices
monotheism
92
What best replaces the question mark?
Social Structure
Representative Government
Trade Policies
Citizenship Rights
93
The Vikings who invaded Europe in the Middle Ages were from —
Poland
Turkey
Russia
Scandinavia
94
Which god kept the same name when adopted from Greek mythology by the Romans?
Zeus
Juno
Apollo
Venus
95
Which best supports the conclusion that the Indus Valley civilization had a central government
The cities had a organized pattern of streets.
The farms produced annual crop surpluses.
Goods were imported from coastal cities.
Houses were constructed with baked bricks.
96
In the 14 and 15 centuries most goods arrived in Europe from Constantinople after crossing the
Pacific Ocean
Black Sea
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
97
Which religion belongs in the shaded part of this diagram?
Hinduism
Confucianism
Buddhism
Shintoism
98
The lack of arable land in Greece contributed to an economic system based on -
manufactured goods
agricultural production
shipping and trade
lumber and minerals
99
Emperor Constantine chose the location for a new capital partly for its distance from-
Germanic invaders
trade routes
feudal kingdoms
Mongol hordes
100
What does this diagram represent?
Political system of Greece
Caste system of India
Class system of China
Feudal system of Japan
101
Which city served as the capital of three empires at different times and under different names?
Moscow
Baghdad
Athens
Constantinople
102
The movable-type printing press helped the Renaissance by--
motivating the analysis of Egyptian society
supporting the teachings of the Catholic Church
increasing the use of new accounting practices
expanding the distribution of new ideas
103
This sequence of events was caused by the-
Bubonic Plague
fall of the Roman Empire
beginning of the Crusades
Hundred Years' War
104
One characteristic of the Pax Romana was widespread -
political conflict
social equality
economic prosperity
cultural decline
105
The Dome of the Rock is an example of which civilization’s achievements in art and architecture
Greek
Roman
Islamic
Chinese
106
Which factor was most important about the site of Constantinople?
Peninsula for easily constructed defenses
River valley to provide rich farmland
Mountains for stone building materials
Desert oasis to supply fresh water
107
Buddhists achieve enlightenment by following the —
Five Pillars
decrees of the Upanishads
Eightfold Path
laws of the Old Testament
108
Which characteristic is associated with both the Roman and the Greek cultures?
Bicameral legislature
The rule of emperors
Polytheistic religion
An army of legionnaires
109
This quotation best represents the religious views of-
Buddhists
Zoroastrians
Jews
Hindus
110
The practice of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was primarily the result of contact with the —
Byzantine Empire
Mongol Empire
Islamic Empire
Persian Empire
