What is the third stage of the scientific literacy model?

examine limitations of the studies discussed earlier, we also look for alternative explanations for the results

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Giving children candy for completing their homework

systems store info in diff forms for diff amounts of time

What is the first stage of the scientific model?

gather knowledge about the topic that we're investigating.

Humans, are composed exclusively of physical matter.

Correlation research is...

Measurable degree of association between 2 or more variables

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Psych Exam (PSYA01) Flashcards | StudBud

Psych Exam (PSYA01)

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Questions 324

Answers

1
Which type of learning is an organism’s behavior influenced by consequences?
Operant conditioning
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
Consequential learning
2
The ____ can change shape to adjust to light
Lens
Iris
Cornea
Retina
3
When specialized receptors transform physical energy of the outside world into neural impulses
Production
Transduction
Neuroception
Perception
4
Problem-solving strategies that stem from prior experiences
Heuristics
Mental set
Functional Fixedness
Algorithims
5
Availability heuristic;individual solves a problem involving number&uses a previous knowledge
False
True
6
In Pavlov's experiment, the bell was the...
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned response
7
Which part of the brain is associated with encoding LTM?
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Frontal lobe
Amygdala
8
group that doesn’t receive the stimuli and serves as the baseline for the experiment is called
Dependent group
Control group
Experimental group
Base group
9
third unmeasured variable is responsible for a well-established correlation between 2 variables
Third variable method
Third variable theory
Third variable interference
Third variable problem
10
Theory that maintains colour vision which is determined by long, medium and short wavelengths
Dark adaption theory
Opponent-process theory
Trichromatic theory
Wavelength theory
11
The number of observations that fall within a certain category or range of scores is...
Central Tendency
Frequency
none of the above
Spectrum
12
Behavioural genetics is the study of how genes and environment influence behaviour
True
False
Not important
idk
13
Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus that houses genetic material is...
Soma
Dendrites
Chromatin
Nucleus
14
What is the third stage of the scientific literacy model?
examine limitations of the studies discussed earlier
Write your study paper and submit it to the Science Counsil
Get funds to pay for study
we also look for alternative explanations for the results
15
The biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to a particular class of stimuli
Third-person effect
Preparedness
Instinct
Conditioned emotional response
16
The number of cycles of a sound wave travels per second and measured in Hertz
Amplitude
Convergence
Lapse
Frequency
17
A method in which responses are provided directly by the people who are being studied is.....
Naturalistic research
Self reporting
Qualitative research
Investigating
18
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Taking away privileges if a child does not follow rules
Removing a child's chores when he or she completes homework
Giving children candy for completing their homework
Ending class 10 minutes early if students complete homework
19
Near-sightedness or myopia occurs when the eyeball is slightly
none of the above
Short
Elongated
all of the above
20
Refers to the radiation that occupies a relatively narrow band of electromagnetic spectrum
Frequency
Wavelength
Amplitude
Light
21
An Algorithin is problem-solving strategies based on series of rules
False
True
22
An experimental design where we compare performance of participants in diff groups is called
Contrast-compare design
Compare-contrast design
Between-subjects design
Subjects-between design
23
What happens during the first stage of sleep?
Theta waves form
Sleep spindles and K complexes form
REM sleep begins
The brain produces delta waves
24
Consolidation= process of converting short-term memories into long-term memories
This is TRUE
This process is actually called retrieval
This is FALSE
This process is actually called encoding
25
Whether a stimuli is perceived depends on bothe sensory experience and judgements
Signal detection theory
Hebb's theory
Ernst's theory
Weber's theory
26
A memory store that accurately holds perceptual info for a very brief amount of time is…
Echoic memory
Iconic memory
Episodic memory
Sensory memory
27
What category of drug does marijuana fall into?
All of the above
Hallucinogenic
Stimulant
Narcotics
28
mental representations of an average category member
Main advantage
Prototypes
Classical Categorization
Semantic network
29
Reconsolidation= hippocampus updates/strengthens/modifies existing long term memories
This process is actually consolidation
FALSE
This process is actually recollection
TRUE
30
Consists of specialized receptors that absorb light and send signals of light to the brain
Retina
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
31
The group in the experiment that receives the stimuli targeting a specific behaviour is called
Treatment group
Control group
Targeted group
Experimental group
32
Critical for learning and memory, and formation of new memories
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypthalamus
Hippocampus
33
The Anchoring effect occurs when an individual attempts to solve a problem involving _ using _:
Previous knowledge, language
Numbers, previous knowledge
Previous knowledge, Numbers
Language, Previous Knowledge
34
What is memory?
Systems that help us encode info at a given time
Systems that help us retrieve info at a given time
systems store info in diff forms for diff amounts of time
Long-term and short-term memory
35
Activity of nerve pathways that respond to uncomfortable stimulation
Haptics
Kinesthesis
Nociception
Nerve fribres
36
What is the first stage of the scientific model?
gather past, present and future studies about the topic
look at the stars
gather knowledge about the topic that we're investigating.
Investigate the knowledge of people relevant to the study
37
Produce painkilling and euphoric effects
Ecstasy
Morphine
Dopamine
Endorphin
38
Statedependent memory= encoding is more effective internal state matches state during retrieval
True
False
39
Regulates stress responses
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinepherine
40
Involves examining an issue or behaviour without performing measurements of the variables is..
Statistical research
Quantitative research
Correlation research
Qualitative research
41
What is Materialism?
Material objects is the key to happiness in Western society
Is the consumption of material objects to fill a void
A trend in Western society to buy large amounts
Humans, are composed exclusively of physical matter.
42
The mechanism for transmitting info in the brain
Action potential
Transduction
Resting potential
Interduction
43
What is one out of the four temperaments made by Galen
Cholesterolic
Tempurpedic
Phlegmatic
Sanguanine
44
Which is NOT a factor of drug dependence
Level of education
Culture
Cognitive Factors
Genes
45
participants respond in ways increasing chances that they will be viewed favourably by others
Social effect
Social desirability
Social acceptance
Social tendency
46
Learning that occurs, but is not expressed until later, is called
Observational learning
Discriminative learning
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
47
Releases stress hormones like, cortisol and epinepherine
Testosterone
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Hypothalamus
48
Declarative memories are memories that we are consciously aware of and can be verbalized
This statement makes no sense
True
This statement is true for nondeclarative memories
False
49
Correlation research is...
all of the above
Measurable degree of association between 2 or more variables
Measurable degree of corelation between 2 or more variables
Measurable degree of conherence between 2 or more variables
50
curiosity and skepticism in evaluating the claims of others along with our belief is?
Social imagination
critical thinking
Predictions
The doctrine of psychology
51
what is the field that draws comparisons about individual and group behaviours among culture?
Personality psychology
Cross-cultural psychology
Humanistic psychology
Social psychology
52
Study of DNA and the ways in which specific genes are related to behaviour…
Evolution
Natural selection
Behaviourism
Behavioural genomics
53
What is a concept?
A testable prediction about processes being observe &measure
the mental representation of an object event, or idea
An explanation for a broad range of observations
clusters of interrelated ideas
54
Which of the following is true?
state of minimal to no consciousness
Persistent Vegetative; state of minimal to no consciousness
A coma is a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness
a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness
55
A ___ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, motivational need
Secondary
Negative
Token
Primary
56
What are the two types of cognitive obstacles?
Functional set and mental fixedness
Mental set and Functional fixedness
Functional and mental set
Functional and mental fixedness
57
shows us that some members of a category are recognized faster than others
Classical categorization
Sentence-verification
Concept Categorization
Graded membership
58
_____ is when a measure provides consistent and stable answers across multiple observations....
Perseption
Generalizability
Objectivity
Reliability
59
_____ amplitude waves are seen as dim colours
High
Medium
Low
none of above
60
__ is a theory that claims that objects or events are categorized according to a certain set of
Sentence-verification
Concept Categorization
Classical categorization
Graded membership
61
False memories=remembering events that didn’t occur/recalling incorrect details about an event
True
False
62
Jane sits in front of a computer, staring at letters flashing on the screen. This is
Phonological priming
Priming
Lexical decision task method
Frequency effect
63
Which part of the brain is associated with encoding LTM?
All kinds of emotion
Negative emotions
Amygdala
Neutral emotions
64
Psychological dependence:
emotional need 4 drug develops without physical dependence
emotional need for a drug develops with physical dependence
65
Phantom limb sensations are experienced by amputees who report pain in absent limbs
True
False
66
Layer that covers the front portion of the eye and contributes to the eye’s ability to focus
Sclera
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
67
Escape Learning
Removes the possibility that a stimulus will occur
Removes a stimulus that is already present
Behavior decreases bc it removes/diminishes a stimulus
Strengthening a behavior bc it removes/diminishes a stimulus
68
observation/measurement that’s recorded during experiment&compared across all groups is called
Measurable variable
Comparable variable
Observable variable
Dependent variable
69
Repeating info until you don’t need to remember it anymore is called…
Cramming
Rehearsal
Repetition
Studying
70
Responsible for performing unconscious actions
Hindbrain
Pons
Spinal cord
Medulla
71
Which type of drug depresses activity of the central nervous systems
Opiates
Sedatives
Narcotics
Hallucinogenic
72
Reuptake is the process in which neurotransmitter molecules are ______ in synapses
Produced
Excreted
Released
Absorbed
73
Functions in the sensation and perception of taste
Olfactory system
Primary taste
all of the above
Gustatory system
74
The auditory form of sensory memory that holds info for 5-10 seconds is called…
Echoic memory
Auditory memory
Episodic memory
Iconic memory
75
The smallest meaningful unit of language is
Morphemes
Phonemes
Semantics
Spenomes
76
Playing the piano, walking, and tieing shoes are examples of…
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Muscle memory
Episodic memory
77
What is a theory of sleep?
Restore and repair hypothesis
Preserve and protect hypthesis
Synaptic energy hypothesis
Off and on hypothesis
78
Mood-dependent memory= ppl remember better their mood during retrieval&encoding are the same
False
True
79
where participants don’t know true purpose of study/treatment they are receiving is called
Single blind study
Double blind study
Triple blind study
Blind study
80
Distance cues that are based on the differing perspectives of both eyes
Stereoscopic vision
Retinal disparity
Binocular depth cues
Monocular cues
81
an interconnected set of nodes (or concepts) and the links that join them to form a category
Semantic Network
Node network
Categorization web
Automatic network
82
A random sample is a select group of population members
none of the above
True
Tralse
False
83
Experience of pain interaction between nerves that transmit pain messages&inhibits the messages
Fast fibre theory
Pain theory
Nociception theory
Gate-control theory
84
Two or more groups that are compared are selected based on predetermined characteristics is....
Quantitative research
Within-subjects designs
Qualitative research
Quasi-experimental research
85
What is the observed effect of bilingualism on children?
Higher grades
Higher IQ
Greater vocabulary
Smaller vocabulary
86
When does REM sleep occur?
Stage 4
Stage 3
An hour after falling asleep
Stage 2
87
The Frontoparietal network is associated with what?
None of the above
Speech, Language and Grammar
Planning for the future, as well as the control of attention
Dreaming and the unconscious (It’s a key part of hypnosis)
88
Organizing smaller units of info into larger, more meaningful units is called…
Rehearsal
Chunking
Organization
Memorization
89
______ integration is the ability to combine sensations from vision or hearing
Synesthesia
Sensory
Multimodal
Integral
90
organized cluster of memories tht constitute one’s knowledge/beliefs about events/objects/ideas
Is called infantiles
Is called self-schemas
Is called schemas
Is called self-infantiles
91
A subtype of amnesia → inability to form new memories after the brain injury is called...
Cross-cortical amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
92
Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?
Classical conditioning
Vicarious learning
Insight learning
Operant conditioning
93
The likeliness of anxiety in twins is greater in….
Dizygotic twins
This statement is false
Monozygotic twins
Both are equally likely
94
Processes pleasurable experiences associated with food
Primary gustatory cortex
Chemical sense
Secondary gustatory cortex
Taste perception
95
Constructive memory is the process where we recall a generalized schema& add specific details
True
Constructive memory isn’t a thing lol
False
Constructive memory are from constructive criticisms
96
Stimulates the pituitary gland & produces hormones
Adrenal gland
Prefrontal cortex
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
97
According to the psychoanalytic approach, the imagery of our dreams can take two forms:
Activate and Synthesize Content
Manifest Content and Latent Content
Activation Content and Synthesis Content
Manifest Content and Latex Content
98
In classical conditioning responses involved tend to be___, but in operant they are ___.
Punished; reinforced
Reflexive; voluntary
Voluntary; reflexive
Reinforced; punished
99
The variable that the experimenter manipulates to distinguish between 2+ groups is called
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Manipulative variable
Distinguishing variable
100
The Principal of Parsimony states...
That it doesn't matter which one we accept
That the most simplest statement is the one to accept
That the most general statement is the one to accept
That the most scientific is the one to accept
101
The visual form of sensory memory that holds info for 0.5-1 seconds is called…
Iconic memory
Echoic memory
Visual memory
Episodic memory
102
Declarative memory has 2 varieties…
Echoic and iconic
Episodic and semantic
Episodic and iconic
Semantic and iconic
103
What are the 3 memory stores?
Long-term, short-term, and sensory memory
Long-term, short-term, and medium-term memory
Long-term, short-term, and iconic memory
Long-term, short-term, and episodic memory
104
What is the definition of language?
Form of communication and expression
Form of communication in reading/writing/learning form
Form of communication in spoken/written/gestural form
Form of communication between different people
105
What is not a form of reliability?
Intro-rater reliability
Alternate-form reliability
Test-retest reliability
Inter-rater reliability
106
A failure to notice clearly visible events or objects because attention is directed elsewhere
Selective attention
Inattentional blindness
Intentional blindness
Divided attention
107
The finding that taking practice tests improve exam performance is called…
The testing effect
The retention effect
The practice effect
The study effect
108
The field of psychology concentrating on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Medical Diagnostic
Biomedical psychology
all of the above
Clinical psychology
109
The central nervous system consists of the
Brains & Spinal cord
Midbrain & Hindbrain
Forebrain & Spinal
Brains & Neurons
110
The psychoanalytic approach is a theory of dreaming developed by:
Ernest Weber
James Mill
John B Watson
Sigmund Freud
111
How does Cocaine increase energy and euphoria?
Blocks receptors for glutamate
Reduces connectivity between temporal + parietal lobe
Stimulates the release of a high amount of serotonin
cocaine inc. the amount of dopamine in the synapse
112
The Melancholic (black bile) give you the tendency to...
Be independent, perfectionistic, and a bit introverted
Be quiet, charismatic, and independent
Be loud, perfectionistic, and charismatic
Be extroverted, dependent, and pleasure seeking
113
Proactive interference is....
1st info occupies memory, leaving fewer space for newer info
Active info overshadows inactive info
Physical activity interferes with memory processes
New info overshadows older info that hasn’t made it to LTM
114
Transports info from neuron to other neurons
Dendrites
Axon
Neurotransmitters
Soma
115
____ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ___ is an example of a secondary reinforcer
A cupcake; a certificate of achievement
Money; receiving an A+
Water; food
A gold star; cupcake
116
Technique in which every individual of a population has an equal chance of being included is..
Convenience sampling
Inclusiveness
Chance sampling
Random sampling
117
____ is any rhythm that occurs over a period of time longer than a day
Infradian rhythm
Circannual rhythm
Circadian rhythm
Ultradian rhythm
118
When a weak connection between neurons is stimulated at the same time as a strong connection…
Weak becomes strengthened
Strong becomes weakened
Nothing happens
The weak becomes stronger while the strong becomes weaker
119
In general, studying is more effective when
All of the studying occurs in one long session
Info is organized in outlines that can quickly be reviewed
Desirable difficulties are present
The total amount of studying time is short
120
Confirmation bias is when an individual
Searches only evidence that will confirm his or her beliefs
he or she has the solution 4 problem or the correct answer
Confirm their evidence;multiple peers with the same beliefs
doesn’t search evidence; believe answer is already right
121
Choleric(yellow bile), tendency to be ambitious, energetic, and a bit aggressive
This statement is Phlegmatic
The right answer is Melancholic
False
True
122
The most basic unit of speech sounds is
Phonemes
Semantics
Morphemes
Spenomes
123
What is NOT true about basic-level category
They are above the level at which prototypes exist
They are the terms most often used in convos
They’re at the level where most thinking occurs
They are the easiest to pronounce
124
Disadvantages of sexual selection
Difficulty to look desirable
Attracts predators
Attractiveness is heredity
all of the above
125
What is NOT true about Ketamine
Induces memory loss
Found in small amounts in the human system
Originally designed as a surgical anesthetic
Its an example of a short acting hallucinogen
126
What is a behaviour change that occurs as a result of being observed called?
Single-blind study
Double blind study
Hawthorne effect
all of the above
127
What is peer review?
papers are critiqued by experts in the specific field study
papers are critiqued by experts in any field of study
Process where papers are critiqued by experts
Process where papers are critiqued by publishers
128
Down regulation is when
receptors move further away from the synapse
receptors move closer to the synapse
129
_ is when repeated use of a drug results in a need for a higher dose to get the intended effect
Psychological dependence
Tolerance
Regulation
Physical dependence
130
Hypnosis is based on an interaction between
None of the above
The automatic and supervisory system
All of the above
The conscious and unconscious mind
131
Priming is the activation of multiple concepts in long term memory
True
False
132
Referring to a general set of beliefs of a particular culture at a specific time in history is?
Dualism
Materialism
Psychophysics
Zeistgeist
133
A sensory system in the ear that provides info about spatial orientation of the head
Vestibular system
Vestibular sack
Sympathetic system
Central nervous system
134
Mental set obstacle when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to a new problem
False
True
135
focuses on the individual,freedom to act,rational thought;belief that humans differ from animal
Ethical Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
none of the above
Humanistic Psychology
136
__ enhances or mimics the activity of a neurotransmitter
Agonist
Drugs
Antagonist
idk
137
Humans can detect sounds in the frequency range from
20-20000 Hz
70-2000 Hz
300-200000 Hz
10-100000 Hz
138
language disorder caused by damage to part of brain responsible for understanding language
Aphasia
Broca’s area
Phonological disorder
Wernicke’s area
139
How closely the changes in one variable are linked to changes in another variable is....
all of the above
Magnitude (or strength)
none of the above
Frequency
140
A technique intended to improve memory for specific info is called a…
Mnemonic
Memoranics
Study skill
Memory mechanism
141
Explaining behaviour as a product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is...
Psychosocial Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Sociocultural Model
Psychosocialbiological Model
142
Attention is when info is passed on from the _____ to _____
Sensory memory, short term memory
Short term memory, long term memory
Short term memory, sensory memory
Sensory memory, long term memory
143
Urination and heart rate is an example of
Infradian rhythm
Ultradian rhythm
This is not an example of a biological rhythm
Circannual rhythm
144
What is the difference between biological and psychological influences?
bio: evolution on earth, psy: developmental stages of life
bio: our behaviour, psy: how emotions shape us
bio:our cellular makeup, psy: is your interpretation of life
bio: Human genetics, psy: mind, body, soul
145
Specialize cells in the nervous sys. that are involve in mounting immune responses in the brain
Somatic cells
Stem cells
Glial cells
Glial and stem cells
146
the observation that some concepts appear to make better category members than others
Concept Categorization
Sentence-verification
Classical categorization
Graded membership
147
Empiricism is...
theory of experience enabling us to think more critically
A philosophical motto of yolo
A philosophical tenet that knowledge come through experience
Philosophy of living life through your experiences
148
An approach interpreting human behaviour in terms of forces acting upon our distant ancestors
Ancestry psychology
Darwinism
Humanistic psychology
Evolutionary psychology
149
Encoding is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____
Short term memory, sensory memory
Sensory memory, short term memory
Sensory memory, long term memory
Short term memory, long term memory
150
Retrieval is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____
Sensory memory, short term memory
Sensory memory, long term memory
Long term memory, short term memory
Long term memory, sensory memory
151
A neuron’s relatively stable state during which the cell is not transmitting messages
Charged potentail
Energy potential
Action potential
Resting potential
152
The George Sperling Experiment concluded that…
Info’s held longer in echoic memory than in iconic memory
None of the above
Info’s held for the same amount of time in any memory
Info’s held longer in iconic memory than in echoic memory
153
Examining an issue of behaviour by using numerical measurements and/or statistics is...
Qualitative research
Correlation research
Quantitative research
none of the above
154
To be a critical thinker, you have to...
Examine the nature and source of evidence
Be curious
Examine assumptions and biases
Avoid overly emotional thinking
155
Major destination after the optic nerve is
Dorsal stream
Optic chiasm
ventral stream
Hindbrain
156
Retroactive interference is…
Physical activity interferes with memory processes
1st info occupies memory, leaving fewer space for newer info
New info overshadows older info that hasn’t made it to LTM
Active info overshadows inactive info
157
Serves as the brain’s central region for processing smells
Olfactory system
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory sensation
Olfactory nerve
158
Gestalt Psychology emphasizes that the individuals are greater than the whole
False
who care
True
idk
159
Which is not a type of Frequency?
Negative skewed distribution
Positively skeweddistribution
Normal distribution
Exponential distribution
160
What is a category?
A web of ideas, hypotheses, and theories
A group of similar ideas and concepts
the mental representation of an object event, or idea
clusters of interrelated concepts
161
Basal ganglia affects people with
Down syndrome
Tourrette's syndrome
Alzheimers
All of the above
162
Responsible for details in movement, maintaining balance and motor skills
Pons
Midbrain
Cerebellum
Medulla
163
Fetch info from body and bring it to the brain
Motor neurons
Aon terminals
None of the above
Sensory neurons
164
Being raised as a member of a family that wasn’t of the same species is…
Cross-natured
Cross-fostered
Cross-cultured
Cross-adopted
165
Face blindness, inability to recognize faces, but can recognize facial features
Optic chiasm
Fusiform face area
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Prosopagnosia
166
A statistical method of evaluating whether differences among groups are meaningful,or by chance
Theory experiment
Falsifiable test
Hypothesis test
Prediction analysis
167
What is social psychology?
The study of interaction among other people on our behaviour
The study of the impact of other people on our behaviour
none of the above
The study of the influence of other people on our behaviour
168
What is a type of modern perspective that focuses on processes such as memory,thinking,language
Introspection
Psychophysics
Cognitive Psychology
Behaviourism
169
Involved in functions of mood, control of voluntary movement, and rewarding experiences
Serotonin
Norepinepherine
Dopamine
acetylcholine
170
A claim that appears to be sound, but lacks supporting scientific evidence is called
Appeal to knowledge
Appeal to claim
Appeal to common sense
Appeal to evidence
171
Which of the following an example of a desirable difficulty when studying for a test?
Oversleeping and waking up 10 minutes before a test
Cramming the night before
Receiving an outline from the professor
Having the material in the lecture presented in a diff order
172
Active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception
nerve fibres
Nociception
Kinesthesis
Haptics
173
Why are overdoses of some drugs are more common when they are taken in new environments?
This false, overdoses occur in old and new environments
old envir. their bodies metabolize drugs before consumed
When in a new envir neuro. don’t fire as often in old envir.
Individuals are peer pressured when in new environments
174
___ prolonging exposure to info by repetition, ___ is prolonging exposure info understanding it
Repetition, understanding
Maintenance rehearsal, coordinated rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal, coordinated rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal
175
The study of nonlinguistic elements of language use
Pragmatics
Programatics
Languanatics
Linguistimatics
176
Scientific literacy is...
A peer reviewed journal
ability to understand, analyze, apply scientific information
the ability to use critical thinking to develop/ write a lab
The data collected by previous studies to form a new study
177
What is Psychology?
The study of behaviour, thought, experience
The study of external influences impacting a person's life
The study of the mind and body working in unison
all of the above
178
Population is...
The group that researchers wants to generalize about
Generalization of the society being studied
A particular group being observed
The amount of people in a city, country or continent
179
where both experimenter&participant don’t know the treatment for the individuals is called
Single blind study
Double blind study
Blind study
Triple blind study
180
The control group in a lesioning stimulation is the
TMS group
Pseudo group
Lesion group
Sham group
181
Hormone that drives physical and sexual development and is linked to social aggression
Glutamate
Serotonin
Morphine
Testosterone
182
Which one of these is not a social factor?
peers
personality
Family
ethnicity/culture
183
Genes are composed of DNA containing…
Amino acids
Chromosomes
Neurons
Chromatin
184
The category with the highest frequency is...
median
medium
mode
mean
185
Ability to perceive objects as having constant shape, size, and colour
Shape consistency
colour constancy
Perceptual consistency
Size constancy
186
Genes are organized along…
Chromatin
DNA
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
187
According to the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, we forget ___ of the info learned within an hour
¾
¼
All
½
188
Junctions between nerve cells and skeletal muscles
Ligaments
Joints
Cortisol
Acetylcholine
189
Stimulation of specialized receptors that convert light into interpretable messages
Accomodation
Transduction
Saturation
Photoreceptors
190
Which of these drugs are NOT a stimulant
Cocaine
Ecstasy
LSD
Caffeine
191
The average of a set of numbers
medium
mean
mode
median
192
The degree to which scores are dispersed in a distribution is...
Validity
The bell curve
Central Tendency
Variability
193
Area of brain most associated with finding meaning of words
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
Darwin’s area
Riemann’s area
194
Method of loci=mnemonic tht connects words to be remembered to locations along a familiar path
None of the above
True
False
Tralse
195
The results of a laboratory study can be applied or repeated in the natural environment is...
Environmental validity
Ecological sampling
Ecological validity
Naturalistic validity
196
Functions as a relay station between sensory and motor areas
Midbrain
Forebrain
Hindbrain
Cerebellum
197
a combination of ability, morality, and achievement is...
Eminence
Structuralism
Determinism
The principle of Parsimony
198
What is the study of different personalities characteristics influencing how we think and act
Personality Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Psychology
Hebb's Law
199
The study of learning was not limited to classical conditioning is ....
Behaviourism
Radical behaviourism
Humanistic psychology
Simplistic behaviourism
200
Which kind of emotion improves memory the most?
Neutral emotions
All kinds of emotion
Positive emotions
Negative emotions
201
Extends from the visual cortex to the lower part of the temporal lobe
Dorsal stream
Optic nerve
Spinal Cord
Ventral stream
202
Monoamines are known to
Influence mood
Influence behaviour
Help with biological processes
Deal with stress
203
Infantile amnesia is…
Phenomenon that we don’t remember anything from before age 2
Phenomenon that we don’t remember anything from before age 3
When someone gets amnesia before age 2
When someone gets amnesia before age 3
204
Neurotransmitter released;neuron into the synapse&bind onto receptor on surface of other neuron
False
True
205
This type of twins come from a single ovum making them identical
Homozygotic
Prozygotic
Dizygotic
Monozygotic
206
The theory that the language we use determines how we understand the world
Whorfian hypothesis
Functional fixedness
Heuristics
Linguistic relativity
207
The 50th percentile is...
mean
mode
median
medium
208
Nondeclarative memories are NOT actions/behaviours that u cn remember/perform w/o awareness
None of the above
False
This statement makes no sense
True
209
Somatic nervous system controls
Neuron activity
Skeletal muscles
Action potential
Organs & glands
210
the degree to which an instrument or procedure actually measures what it claims to measure is?
Prediction
Accuracy
Variable
Validity
211
individual’s story about an observation/event that is used to make claim as evidence is called
Anecdotal evidence
Bias evidence
Personal evidence
Individualistic evidence
212
statement that describe the procedure&specific measures that are used to record observation is?
Operational definitions
Reliability
Objective measurements
Operant conditioning
213
What is NOT true about DMT
used to help those addicted to tobacco + alcohol
Effects involve unwanted flashbacks
Blocks receptors for glutamate
Found in small amounts in the human system
214
Primary inhibitor neurotransmitter of the nervous system & prevents action potentials
Cortisol
GABA
Cortisol
Glutamate
215
Involved in regulating mood, sleep and appetite
Acetylcholine
Norepinepherine
Dopamine
Serotonin
216
What is the fourth stage of the scientific literacy Model?
Confirming the results by lab testing
Apply the results in the laboratory before going outside
apply the results to situations outside of the laboratory.
Going outside and then going to the lab to confirm results
217
What is an example of long term effect of Ecstasy?
Reduce connectivity between areas temporal&parietal lobe
Blocks receptors for glutamate
Impairs sensitivity of visual regions in the occipital lobes
218
Generalizability is....
When a set of data proves the study to be true
Results be applied to the control group of the experiment
Results be applied to other situations, individuals,or event
The degree of the set of data being applied in an experiment
219
Critical to the process of learning and memory
Cortisol
Serotonin
Glutamate
Epinepherine
220
Just noticeable difference between stimuli changes as a proportionality of the stimuli
False
no
True
um
221
The study by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer indicated that…
Change tone question altered ppl’s memories of the accident
Changing wording question altered ppl’s memory accident
Change of tone didn’t change ppl’s memories of the accident
wording didn’t change ppl’s memories of the accident
222
An approach that psychologist focus on the whole of perception&experience rather than its parts
Structuralism
Functionalism
Cross-cultural psychology
Gestalt psychology
223
To look within is....
Introspection
Extrospection
Interspection
Inception
224
Which hemisphere is responsible for specialized subjects like language and math
Right
None of the above
Middle
Left
225
What helps explain why some category members make better example than others
First advantage
Primary advantage
Simplistic advantage
Main advantage
226
Peripheral Nervous System consists of the
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
Autonomic & Sympathetic
Somatic & Automatic
Somatic & Autonomic
227
The minute space between the terminal button and the dendrite
Potential threshold
Neurons
Synaptic cleft
Nerve cell
228
___are circles that represent concepts
Cones
Nodes
Categories
Prototypes
229
Minimum amount of energy or quantity of stimulus required for it to be detected 50% of the tim
Just noticeable difference
Absolute threshold
Difference Threshold
none of the above
230
a tendency to be quiet, relaxed, and content with life is...
Socially Awkward
Phlegmatic
Happiness
Choleric
231
Demonstrated that memory-a behaviour we can measure is related to activity the cellular level.
Herb's Law
Hebb's Law
none of the above
Herber's Law
232
People integrate new stimuli based on
Their past experiences
The opinions of others
Cultural factors
Social factors
233
The difference in relative position of an object as seen by both eyes, focusing on depth
Retinal disparity
Stereoscopic vision
Binocular depth cues
Monocular cues
234
Involved in smell-detection of airborne particles located in the nose
Olfactory perception
Olfactory sensation
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory system
235
The STM can only rehearse 7±2 units of info b4 forgetting
True
The STM can rehearse 10 units of info b4 forgetting
False
The LTM can rehearse 7±2 units of info b4 forgetting
236
Hypnosis isa procedure inducing lowered state of suggestibility
False
True
237
increase in connectivity/transmission of neural signals between nerve cells tht fire together
Long term potentiation
Long term transmission
Long term connectivity
Long term neurotransmitting
238
dividing samples into 2+group where participants R equally likely to be placed in any condition
Condition assignment
Specific assignment
Random assignment
Technical assignment
239
region of left frontal lobe that controls ability to articulate speech sounds that make words
Darwin’s area
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
Riemann’s area
240
Unobtrusively observing&recording behaviour as it occur in the subjects natural environment is?
Naturalistic observation
Self-reporting
Correlation research
Integration analysis
241
Autonomic nervous system consists of the
Sympathetic & Skeletal
All of the above
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
Impulse & Control
242
Structuralism definition: The study of the purpose & function of behaviour&conscious experience
You're wildin
no
False
True
243
States that we perceive colour in terms of opposing pairs
Opponent- process theory
Wavelength theory
Trichromatic theory
Dark adaptation theory
244
Determinism is....
Belief that all events are meditated upon society
events that occur are planned by an all knowing being
that society drives the way people interact
all events R governed by lawful, cause&effect relationships
245
Measures patterns of brain activity with the use of multiple electrodes attached to the scalp
PET scans
fMRI
Magnetoencephalography
Electroencephalogram
246
similar sounding words/words that start with same letter,can’t retrieve word you want is called
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
The forgetting phenomenon
The retrieval phenomenon
The phenomenon phenomenon
247
the blank refers to the tendency to be impulsive, pleasure seeking, and charismatic
Sanguine
Thymine
Zeitgeist
Choleric
248
The memory of specific experiences is….
Emotional memory
Experiential memory
Exponential memory
Episodic memory
249
What does Generalization show us?
Universities & hospitals can provide insight into behaviours
none of the above
That a topic can applies to anything and everything
That studies conducted in a lab are only applicable to psych
250
A condition in which specific auditory is pleasurable
Asmr
Sense perception
Olfactory epithelium
Auditory expectation
251
Extends from the pinna to eardrum
Cochlea
Ossicles
Basilar membrane
Auditory canal
252
The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases is called
Synactic
Syntax
Syntaxtic
Synapse
253
A technique that can be used to acquire highly detailed images of the brain
EEG
MEG
PET
MRI
254
A major perceptual centre of the brain involved in perceiving what we hear
Volley principle
Sensory auditory cortex
Primary Auditory cortex
Perception
255
If the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor, it will trigger the…
Excitatory & Reuptake
Excitatory & Inhibitory
Inhibitory & Inhibitors
Reuptake & Inhibitors
256
Classical conditioning is learning by…
Associating
Visualizing
Reading
Memorizing
257
What is sleep displacement?
Sleep displacement does not exis
Occurs when an individual is only able to sleep through naps
individual is only able 2 sleep at a certain time each night
An individual is prevented from sleeping at the normal time
258
Descriptive statistics is...
Techniques used to draw conclusions from the data collected
The conclusion of the overall study being conducted
Techniques used to organize, summarize, and intrepret data
Explanation that validates the phenomenon
259
The study between physical world&mental representation of that world is?
Psychophysics
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalysis
none of the above
260
A hypothesis is an explanation for a broad range of observations that can be falsifiable
fuck it
False
True
idk
261
Misinformation effect is when info occurring after an event becomes part of the memory
True
False
262
Top down processing is when our perception is influenced by prior knowledge
Most definitely false
False
nah
True
263
Physical dependence is
A short term effect of drugs
A long term effect of drugs
The need to ward off unpleasant physical withdrawal symptoms
264
Field of study that explores how physical energy relates to psychological experience
Psychophysics
Psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis
None of above
265
Consciousness is a person’s subjective awareness, including thoughts, perceptions, experiences
True
False
266
approach that attempts to explain how behaviour&personality influence by unconscious processes
Psychosocial
Psychoanalysis
Psychophysics
Psychological behaviourism
267
Neurons are responsible for…
Sending and receiving messages in the body
all of the above
Providing the body with impulses
Activating action potential
268
condition where memory for events b4 trauma/injury is lost (aka amnesia demonstrated in movies)
Cross-cortical amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Conditional amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
269
What is a stimulant?
“downers” depress activity of the central nervous systems
speed up nervous system, enhancing wakefulness and alertness
substances that produce perceptual distortions
reduce pain & induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
270
Focus on studying only observable behaviour, no reference to mental events is??
Behaviourism
Operant Conditioning
Behavioural Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
271
biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues such as light + temperature
Endogenous Rhythms
Entrainment
Environmental Mechanism
Environmental Rhythms
272
_influence how categorize individual objects&how the objects in our world relate to one another
Cultural Factors
Emotional factors
Genetics
Social factors
273
Refers to the observable characteristics
Genes
Homozygous
Genotypes
Pheontypes
274
Detects magnetic fields surrounds the skull&detect minute changes in brain activity
PET scans
Eletroencephalogram
Magnetoencephalography
fMRI
275
Which part of the brain is involved in emotional processing/responding?
Amygdala
Cerebellum
Frontal lobe
Sensory cortex
276
What is the serial position effect?
We remember only the things we want to remember
We don’t remember anything on the list
We recall the 1st few items on list&last few,but not middle
We only recall the items in the middle of the list
277
Emotional memory is when emotion is a highlighter for memories, making them easier to retrieve
True
False
278
Positively skewed distribution: the curve has an extended tail to the left of the cluster
True
none of the above
all of the above
False
279
___ Making judgements of likelihood based on how well an example represents specific category
Availability heuristic
Conjunction fallacy
Representativeness heuristic
Anchoring effect
280
Presenting a stimulus to a person that decreases the probability of a response is known as
Negative reinforcement
Vicarious punishment
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
281
observations, developing theories to explain them, and creating predictions is called...
Scientific method
An experiment
Scientific literacy
hypothesis
282
Contributes to wakefulness and plays a role in dreaming
Medulla
Pons
Forebrain
Midbrain
283
Detection of raw external events with sense organs & turning those stimuli into neural signals
Preception
Sensation
Organization
Processing
284
a neurotransmitter that is involved in responses to rewarding, pleasurable feelings
Endorphin
Dopamine
Oxytocine
Serotonin
285
Genetics are the basic units of….
Genotypes
Biological psychology
Heredity
DNA
286
What is REM behavior disorder
Individuals become paralyzed while dreaming
Individuals cannot fall into a deep sleep
Individuals act out the content of their dreams
Individuals cannot dream
287
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating..
rom excitatory messages from the pons, part of the Hindbrain
None of the above
activity originating from excitatory messages from the pons
excitatory messages from frontal lobes part of the brainstem
288
an “expert’s” claim even when no supporting data or scientific evidence is present is called
Appeal to evidence
Appeal to expertise
Appeal to hierarchy
Appeal to authority
289
What is convenience sampling?
A select group of population members
all of the above
Samples of individuals who are the most readily available
The sample the researcher picks
290
_____ are substances that affect thinking, behaviours, perception, and emotion
Stimulants
Narcotics
Psychoactive drugs
Hallucinogens
291
The process of identifying where sound comes from
Sound differentiation
Sound diversion
Sound localization
Sound conversion
292
If values are positive, the two variables change values in the same direction...
Spectrum
Degree
Direction
Frequency
293
Executive processing involves processes such as the control of attention and problem solving
True
False
294
Bottom down processing is when we use prior knowledge to form a perception
False
True
no
what
295
An in-depth report about the details of a specific case is...
Scientific journal
Peer review journal
Case study
Scientific article
296
Involved in multiple higher functions such as thought, language, and personality
Hindbrain
Forebrain
Prefrontal cortex
Cerebral cortex
297
Which gene was tested whether its mutations affected language?
BOXP3
FOXP3
FOXP2
BOXP2
298
What is Alcohol myopia?
Abusing alcohol
Using alcohol to reduce pain + stimulate reward centres
Fancy word for being drunk
Pay more attention to cues related to their desires&impulses
299
Recalling the 1st few items easily= ______ and remembering the last few items easily= _____
Primary effect, secondary effect
First effect, recent effect
First effect, second effect
Primary effect, recency effect
300
what is the second stage of the scientific literacy model
Just do your experiment
If the information on topic has been in scientific studies
Give up and not contribute to society because plagarism
Gather more intel because knowledge is the key to success
301
Adjusts the size of a pupil, and gives the eye colour
Lens
Cornea
Iris
Pupil
302
Whorfian hypothesis is the theory that
Our culture determines how we understand the world
the language we use determines how we understand the world
Our social class determines how we understand the world
Our genetics determines how we understand the world
303
A variable outside of researcher’s control that may affect results is called
Interfering variable
Outlier variable
Confounding variable
Affecting variable
304
____- Reflects the mistaken belief that finding a specific member in two overlapping categories
Conjunction fallacy
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Anchoring effect
305
A procedure in which an electromagnetic pulse is delivered to a targeted region of the brain
TMS
fMRI
MEG
PET
306
What happens during the second stage of sleep?
Sleep spindles and K complexes form
The brain produces delta waves
REM sleep begins
Theta waves form
307
The word “negative” in the term negative reinforcement refers to
The removal of a stimulus
The use of inappropriate stimuli
The unwanted conditioned behavior
The use of punishment
308
The body needs to restore energy levels&repair wear&tear experienced during the day activities
Off and on hypothesis
Restore and repair hypothesis
Preserve and protect hypothesis
Synaptic energy hypothesis
309
Which is NOT part of the Working Memory Model?
The episodic buffer
The visuospatial sketchpad
The phonological loop
The central executive
310
A flashbulb memory is…
The conditions needed to retrieve important info
The conditions surrounding how one learned about the event
A memory that is retrieved during deep thought
An extremely vivid/detailed memory about an event
311
In classical conditioning, a(n) _____ becomes a(n) _____, which elicits a response.
neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
312
Enhance or mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter’s action
Edorphin
Agonist
Antagonist
Cortisol
313
Photoreceptor that is sensitive to different wavelengths of light to perceive colour
Rods
Fovea
Cones
Pupil
314
The reduction of activity in sensory receptors with repeated exposure to a stimulus
Sensory production
Sensory perception
Sensory adaptation
Sensory reception
315
What are Opiates (narcotics) responsible for?
reduces pain & induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
speeding up the activity;enhancing wakefulness and alertness
Reduce feelings of anxiety and panic
316
What is sleep Apnea
A disorder; temporary inability to breathe during sleep
where an individual experiences extreme daytime sleepiness
All of the above
A disorder where an individual is unable to dream
317
Context-dependent memory= retrieval is more effective when it takes place in same place
True
False
318
Punishment ___ the chances of the behaviour occurring again
Increases
Decreases
319
Standard deviation is....
A measure of variability around the median
A measure of variability around the data
A measure of variability around the mean
A measure of variability around the mode
320
The concept of latent learning was developed by ______
Watson
Skinner
Throndike
Tolman
321
The time and manner in which info is retained between encoding&retrieval is called…
Memory state
Memory storage
Memory gap
Memory
322
Central tendency is...
The frequency of the data collected
A measure of the central point of the data collected
A measure of the central point of a distributon
The average of a set of numbers
323
Hormone that reduces pain and induces pleasure
Endorphin
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Morphine
324
Reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been completed
Fixed-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Variable-interval schedule