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last exam review
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1
suspicious/uncooperative OR trusting/helpful
openness
neuroticism
agreeableness
conscientiousness
2
suggests that personality is shaped by interacting social factors, cognitive factors, and behavior.
cognitive perspective
behaviorist perspective
trait perspective
social-cognitive perspective
3
Groupthink is...
Making polar-opposite decisions based off your social group
Making irrational decisions based off your social group
Making rational comments based off your social group
Thinking together in a group circle
4
explanations of the causes of behavior
discrimination
conformity
attribution
social cognition
5
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
contents of EPQ
indicators of illness
contents of MMPI
Big 5 personality factors
6
two types of attribution
personal/situational
inplicit/explicit
public/private
voluntary/involuntary
7
calm/confident OR anxious/pessimistic
agreeableness
openness
conscientiousness
neuroticism
8
routine/practical OR imaginative/spontanious
extraversion
conscientiousness
openness
neuroticism
9
Milgram found that:
Participants were likely to conform to peer pressure
Most people are unlikely to demonstrate pro-social behaviour
People will change their behaviour based on their social role
Participants were likely to obey an authority figure
10
reserved/thoughtful OR sociable/fun loving
conscientiousness
openness
extraversion
neuroticism
11
how does the trait perspective discover and measure important traits?
observational studies
brain scans
factor analysis; find common elements across a variety of behaviors
Personality inventory: questionnaire that measures traits
12
how much individuals percieve that they, themselves, have control over their own actions
attributional style
learned helplessness
reciprocal determanism
locus of control
13
todd is late for work. He blames the traffic he experienced. Todd is making a
personal attribution
situational attribution
14
asch study
vision test/ conformity
electric shock/ obedience
15
the tendency to conform with the group to fulfill the group's expectations and gain acceptance, with fear of rejection
normative conformity
informational conformity
16
two perspectives of personality
trait & social-cognitive
behavior & observational
surface & within
hereditary & learned
17
failing to respond even though there are opprotunities for help
reciprocal determanism
locus of control
attributional style
learned helplessness
18
3 components of attitude
cognitive, emotional, behavioral
love, trust, careing
social, situational, personal
internal, external, concious
19
negative aspect of conformity
causes groups to fail
inclusive to all
promotes prejudice against those who are different
promote harmony within in group
20
the way in which people explain the cause of events within their lives (optimism vs pessimism)
attributional style
learned helplessness
reciprocal determanism
locus of control
21
when were conformity effects reduced in the Asch study?
more people
privacy
fellow dissenter
less people
22
in the milgram experiment, how many participants obeyed the authority figure and gave the highest level of shock?
55%
77%
44%
66%
23
rely on self-reports, dishonesty leads to invalidity, people use socially desirable responses
3 problems with questionnaires
pseudoscientific methods
why we do not use questionnaires
how to measure traits
24
an overgeneralized belief about a group of people
discrimination
racism
prejudice
stereotype
25
occurs when there is a desire to be correct and the belief that others are correct
normative conformity
informational conformity
26
What two dimensions does the MMPI assess
Disorders & Personality type
Extraversion/introversion & Emotional stability
openness & neuratisism
agreeableness & consciensiousness
27
suggests that people have basic traits; personality is determined by the strength/intensity of these traits
behaviorist perspective
cognitive perspective
social-cognitive perspective
trait perspective
28
what phenomenon attracts people together more than any other
being different
attractivness
being similar
tinder
29
a positive aspect of conformity is that it promotes harmony within an in group
True
False
30
1seat in the front next to a black woman & 1 in the back next to a white woman, white woman chooses seat in back
overt prejudice
subtle prejudice
stereotype
conformity
31
An example of the fundamental attribution error might be:
I assume you're lazy
I think you're pretty
I believe in hard work.
I don't like you
32
how do trait theorists address person-situation controversy
average across situations
only study how people act when they are alone
only study how people act with strangers
only study how people act with immident family
33
Social loafing is...
Putting in more effort when working with others
Putting in all effort when working with others
Putting in less effort when working with others
not putting in any effort at all
34
What is informational conformity
Ignoring the consensus decision in order to demonstrate dominance
Avoiding the correct answer in preference of personal opinion
Following the group out of fear of being outcast
Being convinced the group is correct
35
a positive, negative, or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea
attitude
stereotype
prejudice
attribution
36
unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and it's members
discrimination
stereotype
prejudice
racism
37
What did the Milgram experiment focus on?
kindness and sharing
obedience and authority
strength and speed
intelligince and problem solving
38
when were participants in the milgram experiment more obedient
when the authority figure was in the same room
when the learner was in the same room
when the learner was in anotehr room
when the authority figure was in another room
39
personality drives us to seek certain experiences &interpretation of experiences depends on and shapes our personality
social-cognitive perspective
locus of control
reciprocal determanism
trait perspective
40
what two dimensions does the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) measure
openness & conscientiousness
openness & neuroticism
neuroticism & agreeableness
extraversion/introversion & emotional stability
41
The fundamental attribution error involves:
Performing a complex task more poorly when in the presence of others
Losing self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity
Becoming more extreme in one’s individual opinions following group discussi
Underestimating situational influences on another’s behavior
42
how we percieve, remember, and interpret information about ourselves and others
discrimination
social cognition
conformity
attribution
43
impulsive/disorganized OR disciplined and careful
conscientiousness
openness
extraversion
agreeableness
44
In the 1950's Solomon Asch conducted a study about
Norms
Conformity
Media consumption
Obedience
45
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
racism
prejudice
stereotype
discrimination
46
Informational conformity occurs when:
People try to make social change
People think that they are less knowledgeable than others
There is research to support following the rules
People do not want to stand out from the crowd
47
Measures extaversion/introversion & emotional stability
DSM-5
MMPI
EPQ
SAT
48
assesses disorders and personality type
MMPI
DSM-5
SAT
EPQ
49
goal of trait perspective
place people in groups based on their traits
discover and measure important traits
influence and create important traits
manipulate and change important traits
50
maria's car breaks down, she blames herself for her lack of knowledge about cars, she is making a
situational attribution
personal attribution
51
to claim that the participants in the milgram trial are cruel would be comitting
the fundemental attribution error
a crime
pseudoscience
a self-serving bias
52
Rob owns a bar and charges black people $5 at the door, and lets white people in for free.
overt prejudice
discrimination
subtle prejudice
conformity
53
how people typically act, think, and feel
trait
social factors
cognition
behavior
54
Social Facilitation is:
Better performance on simple tasks when alone
Better performance on difficult tasks when alone
Better performance on simple tasks in front of others
Better performance on difficult tasks in front of others
55
Superordinate goals refer to:
The decision-making process for bystander intervention to occur
Social expectations that people will help those who depend on them
Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation
Mutual diabolical images that enemies have of each other
56
adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
stereotype
conformity
discrminiation
prejudice
