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NRS502 EIDM & Research 2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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NRS502 EIDM & Research 2024
NRS502 EIDM & Research 2024
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1
Which strategy does MIXED METHODS use?
Different data collection to not address the research question/objectives
One form of data collection to address the research question and objectives
Qualitative and Quantitative data collection to address question/objectives
Multiple quantitative data collection to address the questions/objectives
2
Which of these are BARRIERS to EIDM?
Cultural vresistance to change
All of the above
Inability to access research
Time
3
What does APPRAISAL and IMPLEMENTATION mean in research?
To research and collect data
To interpret research and apply it to practice
To analyse and interpret data
To collect and analyse data
4
Which of the following is an EXPLORATORY sequential study?
Qualitative, Quantitative then Mixed Methods
Qualitative and Quantitative Concurrently
Qualitative then Quantitative
Quantitative then Qualitative
5
What does MODE mean?
It implies an average of the data
Would be the mean of the two middle numbers of the data
A set of data values that appear the most often
A set of data values that appear less often
6
What are the BENEFITS of EIDM?
Less effective use of resources
Lessen the gap between good research and practice
To not improve overall approach to health
Decrease information for patients
7
Which research method is considered the GOLD STANDARD?
Randomised Controlled Trial
Case Control
Cohort Study
Quasi Experimental
8
Which term is used for a variable which: affects others, cannot be controlled, was unrecognised or not pre-planned for?
Dependent
Confounding
Founding
Independent
9
A nurse wants to explore the working culture in an elderly care ward. Which research methodology would be best?
RCT
Grounded Theory
Ethnography
Phenomenology
10
What do tests of reliability demonstrate about a test instrument?
The simplicity of the instrument
That an instrument can be used consistently with same or similar results
That an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure
That an instrument reflects performance
11
Which of these tests would be used to demonstrate ASSOCIATION between NOMINAL VARIABLES?
Spearman's Correlation
Chi Squared
ANOVA
Pearson's Correlation
12
What IS a key assumption of QUALITATIVE research?
Qualitative research is generally based on deductive reasoning
Qualitative research is focused on hypothesis testing
Qualitative research is generally based on inductive reasoning
Qualitative research is primarily analytical
13
What is the purpose of a COHORT STUDY?
To be placed in the arm of the trial
To study participants experiencing a common event
To be in a study that compares groups
To be in a non-randomised controlled trial
14
Define REFLEXIVITY in the context of QUALITATIVE research?
Recognition of the influence the participant brings to the research process
A researchers ability to analyse the data
A researcher recognising the influence they bring to the research process
The process of reflecting on the research process
15
Why is randomisation to groups important in RCT's?
It ensures allocation concealment
It ensures representation of the target population
It ensures double blinding
It ensures equal distribution of characteristics between groups
16
In GROUNDED THEORY, the focus of the research is to......
Develop theory from the field data
Focus on an individual or an event
Look at culture or context
Study people that experience the phenomenon
17
Which research type is SUBJECTIVE?
Quantitative
Qualitative
18
Which of the following is NOT an example of QUALITATIVE research?
Experimental
Narrative
Ethnography
Grounded Theory
19
What does PROBABILITY SAMPLING mean?
All members have a lower probability than zero of being selected
All members have a probability higher than zero of being selected
Not everyone of the population has an opportunity to be selected
Subjects happen to be in the right place at the right time to be recruited
20
Where would you go for advice on ETHICAL APPROVAL for a research project?
Research, Ethics Service
Research, Evaluation, Service
Research, Ethics, Surveillance
Research, Ethically Understanding Service
21
Medical research is used to investigate the cause of disease, establish links between risk factors and health outcomes
True
False
22
Which of the following is a SAMPLING METHOD you would expect to see in QUALITATIVE research?
Systematic
Stratified
Purposive
Simple Random
23
How might you collect data in a QUALITATIVE research project?
Experiments
Closed Questionaires
Surveys
Interviews and Focus Groups
24
Researchers conduct an observational study following participants over a period of time. What type of study is this?
Phenomenology
Longitudinal
Cross sectional
Case Control
25
A CATEGORICAL variable is...
Is designed to rank data
No one thing is higher than the other
Made up of groups of data like cat or dog
Two distinct types of things
26
What does DOUBLE BLINDING mean in a RCT?
The patient knows the type of treatment they are receiving
The patients and investigators do not know treatment given
The patient does not know the type of treatment they are recieving
Patient, investigator and person analysing the data do not know
27
AM I GOING TO PASS THIS EXAM ????
HELL YEAH I AM!
I QUIT
IM WORKIN' ON IT
28
What does a critical appraisal checklist tool achieve?
Assesses trustworthiness, relevance, and results of published papers
It doesn't assist with assessing trustworthiness, relevance, and results
Assists with identifying appropriate papers for selection for publication
Allows a quick overview of the relevance of published papers
29
POSITIVIST and DEDUCTIVE are characteristics of which type of research?
Quantitative
Qualitative
30
"these are used to determine the statistical significance of any observed differences between groups"...
Mode
Mean
Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics
31
What is the most likely consequence of implementing evidence-based practice?
Care decisions will be based on the quality of the research available
Highest quality of care, best outcomes likely to be achieved
No variation in the care given to the patients with the same condition
Patients and their families will always be involved with the decisions made
32
Researchers who fail to gain ethical approval and carry out unethical research may face disciplinary action from...
Professional Bodies and Employers only
Employers only
The Law, Professional Bodies, and Employers
The Law only
33
Choose the correct 3 research methodologies of QUALITATIVE research
Mixed Methods, Case Study, RCT
Survey, Grounded Theory, Case Study
Phenomenology, Ethnography, Grounded Theory
Phenomenology, Ethnography, RCT
34
What is NOT a main function of evidence-based practice?
Ensures clinical guidelines are always followed
Ensures patients are involved in decision-making
Helps to develop nursing researchers for the future
Ensures practice remains current
35
When can a patient WITHDRAW from a research study?
Any time they wish
Never
Before the study starts
After the study finishes
36
What is the most important reason for using a framework such as SPIDER to formulate clinical questions?
It ensures the right comparison is included within the question
It helps identify the patient population
It increases the likelihood best evidence will be identified quickly
It guarantees that all relevant evidence will be identified
37
Which research study uses TRAIL ARMS?
Cohort Study
Statistical Analysis
RCT
Narrative Analysis
38
Which P-value is statistically SIGNIFICANT?
P>0.01
P<0.05
P>0.05
P>0.1
39
What study can be used where randomisation is not feasible or appropriate?
Quasi Experimental Study
Randomised Controlled Trial
Non-Experimental study
Retrospective Study
40
THEMATIC ANALYSIS includes one of the following
P Value
Inferential Statistics
Measurements
Coding
41
Which research method ADVANCES and GENERATES THEORY?
Qualitative
Quantitative
42
What is a POSITIVIST paradigm?
Focuses on explanation and prediction
Focuses on generating theory
43
Which is NOT a blinding method in RCT's?
Triple
Quadruple
Double
Single
44
Which statement most correctly defines BIAS in research studies?
Systematic error or deviation in research
Systematic examination of the quality of research
Systematic search of relevant evidence
Systematic review of the research literature
45
The boolean operator "NOT"......
Excludes results
Gets more results
Finds fewer results
Adds to results
46
Which research design compares patients with a disease to patients who don't have it and looks back for risk factors?
Cohort Study
Case Control Study
Thematic Analysis
Systematic Review
47
What kind of BIAS is of CONCERN with survey analysis?
Selection
Confounding
Researcher bias
Sampling
48
Which of these is a critical appraisal tool?
ASSIST
GIMKIT
CASP
QUIZLET
49
Which of the following is a type of VALIDITY we check during the critical appraisal process?
Explanatory
External
International
Internal
50
Which research design best describes " Scientific experiment with random assignment of participants to groups"
Cohort Study
RCT
Case Control Study
Grounded Theory
51
PROBABILITY SAMPLING means "subjects have to be in the right place at the right time to be recruited"
True
False
52
What does EIDM mean?
Evidence information decision making
Evidence informed decide making
Evidence informed decisive making
Evidence informed decision making
53
What best describes the importance of including CONFIDENCE INTERVALS with research results?
They indicate the P-Value
They indicate whether the sample is large enough
They tell you if data is missing from the sample
Indicate potential clinical significance when results aren't significant
54
What is the underpinning philosophical position of PRAGMATISM in MIXED METHODS research?
Positivist only
The merging of Positivist AND Interpretivist philosophies
Positivist AND Deductivist philosophies
Interpretivist only
55
Which statement is INCORRECT about DEDUCTIVE research?
Uses a positivist approach
It tests hypothesis
It is used in qualitative research
It is used in quantitative research
56
What is most likely to REDUCE the likelihood of successfully implementing research findings into practice?
Including too few stakeholders
Only including passive stakeholders
Only including active stakeholders
Failing to identify appropriate stakeholders
57
What are Beauchamp and Childress's 4 ethical principles?
Autonomy, Beneficence, Consent, and Justice
Autonomy, Consent, Independence, and Justice
Autonomy, Consent, Sovereignty, and Justice
Autonomy, Non-Maleficence, Beneficence, and Justice
58
MIXED METHOD research contains both QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE data
False
True
59
Choose the correct order for the hierarchy of evidence in research
Case Reports, Cohort study, RCT, Systematic Review, Meta Analysis
Animal Studies, RCT, Cohort Study, Systematic Review
Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analysis, RCTs, Cohort Study, Case Study
RCTs, Case Study, Opinion, Cohort Study
60
Which QUALITATIVE methodology may be used to study participants who have experienced a particular PHENOMENON?
Grounded Theory
Phenomenology
Ethnography
Narrative
61
What type of clinical question would best be answered by POSITIVIST research designs?
Questions about meanings
Questions about the lived experience
Questions about experiences
Questions about clinical outcomes
62
What does DATA SATURATION mean in QUALITATIVE research
Themes are still being explored
Recruitment numbers reach the power calculation
P Values are statistically significant
No new themes of information are being identified
63
What are the THREE key elements of the PARiHS framework?
Evidence, Context, Facilitation
Evidence, Commitment, Facilitation
Evidence, Context, Familiarisation
Evidence, Commitment, Facilitation
64
What are the data collection methods most commonly used in ETHNOGRAPHY?
Interviews or Document Reports
Stories from Individuals or Documents
Observation and Interviews
Interviews and Theme Generation
65
Which is NOT a data collection method in QUANTITATIVE research?
Rating tools
Focus Groups
Surveys
Likert Scales
66
Which of these are examples of QUANTITATIVE data collection?
Experiments, Questionnaires, and Focus groups
Interviews, Focus groups, and Open questionnaires
Experiments, Clincial trials, and Closed questionnaires
Experiments, Surveys, and One to one interviews
67
Which type of clinical question may best be answered using a QUALITATIVE research design?
Questions about diagnosis
Questions about meanings and experiences
Questions about prognosis
Questions about clinical outcomes
68
What is the statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects called...
Declaration of New York
Declaration of Paris
Declaration of Geneva
Declaration of Helsinki
69
W technique may be used to increase the likelihood of an adequate sample size in QUANTITATIVE research?
P Values
Convenience Sampling
Snowballing
Power Calculation
70
What is the name of the study that looks BACK in time from present day or start of the study?
Deductive
Inductive
Retrospective
Prospective
71
Which of the following is NOT an example of QUANTITATIVE research?
Deductive
Positivist
Grounded Theory
Experimental
72
How is STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE established at the outset of a research study?
By agreeing the level of the P-Value when analysing the data
By ensuring all patients can be followed up
By ensuring a sufficiently large sample can be recruited
By determining the minimum important difference that needs to be observed
73
What does phrase searching help to do?
Widen the search and increase hits
Focus the search and increase hits
Focus the search and set limits
Focus the search and have no set limits
74
Why might QUALITATIVE research be considered LESS IMPORTANT than data obtained from RCTs?
The findings from qualitative research are not methodologically robust
The findings from qualitative research are based on interview data
The findings from qualitative research generally lack rigour
The findings from qualitative research are not usually generalisable
75
Which of these is a SAMPLING method in QUANTITATIVE research?
Purposive
Convenience
Probability
Snowball
76
The statement, "The sum of numbers divided by the count of numbers" describes ...
Mean
Inferential Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Median
77
Which is NOT a QUALITATIVE research term?
Interpretivism
Deductive
Inductive
Subjective
78
QUALITATIVE research can include numbers?
True
False
79
If you were measuring HEIGHT as part of a study, what kind of data would be collected?
Ratio
Nominal
Interval
Ordinal
