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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
118
Answers
1
Africa's geography is characterized by
an absence of rain forests
a diverse topography
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a lack of major river systems
2
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
collapse of international trade
increase in influence of serfs
decreasing importance of towns and cities
rise of nation-states
3
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
increased European isolation
the strengthening of the feudal system
an adoption of Islam
an increased demand of goods from the East
4
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
was a strong force that divided many people
favored separation from secular government
5
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italy was politically unified
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
6
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
increase trade and manufacturing
eliminate the need for a legal system
provide order during a period of weak central governments
consolidate the political power of the region
7
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
8
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Iran and Thailand
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Japan and Tibet
Russia and Iraq
9
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
granted independence as soon as possible
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
encouraged to develop their own industries
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
10
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was a religious center for Muslims
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
11
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
bankers and explorers
merchants and pilgrims
soldiers and diplomats
missionaries and slave traders
12
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
devotion to religion
value of the individual
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
13
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
14
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
accessible by water
isolated from the rest of Europe
close to a network of navigable rivers
protected by mountains
15
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
crop failures brought on by poor weather
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
diseases introduced by the Spanish
wars btwn various native groups
16
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
economic policies of the Roman Empire
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
self-sufficiency of the manor system
17
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
war and constant invasion
mercantilism and industrial expansion
feudalism and oppression
prosperity and artistic creativty
18
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
the Indus River to Spain
Mecca to Asia Minor
Cairo to Tours
Senegal to India
19
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
20
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
European renewal in learning
development of a European middle class
European involvement in the Crusades
21
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Byzantine
Ottoman
Assyrian
Holy Roman
22
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
mysticism
humanism
individualism
secularism
23
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
warrior aristocrats
peasant farmers
middle class merchants
radical revolutionaries
24
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Ottoman
Byzantine
Mongol
Hellenistic
25
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
materialism
classic Greek and Roman subjects
religious themes
human scientific achievements
26
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
followed a democratic system
consisted of hunters and gatherers
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
27
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
lower living standards for industrial workers
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
increased political power for the clergy
28
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
independent trade partners
29
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
promoted equality for women
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
gained overseas colonies
developed a representative government
30
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Pax Romana
Aztec Empire
Gupta Empire
Muslim world
31
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
accept medieval W European religious ideas
32
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
developed concepts for natural rights
promoted peace and prosperity
provided structure for society
established absolutist governments
33
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
obtain consent of the governed
divide power evenly
34
One major result of the Crusades was the
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
long-term decrease in European trade
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
35
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
36
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
agricultural communes
social and political equality
codified laws
Islam
37
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
imperialism
ethnocentrism
cultural diffusion
self-determination
38
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
military conquest of China
formation of cultural links with Europe
development of extensive trade
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
39
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
fostering the growth of religion
eliminating warfare
providing social stability
encouraging formal education
40
The European feudal system was
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
supported by the labor of peasants
designed to promote political and economic equality
controlled by a powerful middle class
41
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
development of the foundation of modern science and math
adoption of democratic government
persecution of Jews and Christains
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
42
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
military strategies of the Mali
social kinship of the Ashanti people
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
43
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
developed writing systems
had decentralized political structures
established monotheistic religions
emphasized social equality
44
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
opposition to the Catholic Church
growth of democratic forms of gov't
rejection of Spanish culture
exploitation of people and resources
45
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
46
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
practicing rituals to please the gods
direct democracy
mercantilism
equality among the social classes
47
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
locations were favorable for trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
military power led to industrialization
48
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
Africa and Southeast Asia
North America and Europe
South America and Asia
Europe and Asia
49
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
introduction of new military
rise of nation states
fall of Constantinople
outbreak of deadly diseases
50
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
rifles and diamonds
spices and silk
iron ore and coal
gold and salt
51
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
establish Christianity in W Europe
unite warring Arab peoples
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
52
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
socialism
mercantalism
laissez-faire capitalism
manorialism
53
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
employing superior military skills
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
avoiding contact with the West
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
54
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Voltaire
Machiavelli
Locke
Montesquei
55
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Religious reform was a major concern
56
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
mercantalism
manorilaism
market economy
absolutism
57
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
an open democratic society
the many opportunities for social mobility
an adoption of Christianity
a decentralized government
58
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The African societies flourished at the same time
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
These had rich history before European contact
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
59
The European feudal system represents a society based on
accumulated wealth
social class
political ability
educational achievement
60
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
61
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
neoclassical
Corinthian
Gothic
Ionic
62
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
63
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the end of foreign domination
the furthest expansion of their borders
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
64
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
socialism
manorialism
free market
feudalism
65
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
66
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
development of feudalism in Europe
67
Humanism was
appreciation for the worth of the individual
belief in the supremacy of the collective
a rejection of ancient civilizations
embracing the separation of church and state
68
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
sites of early civilization
Latin American societies
centers of world trade
cities of origin for major religions
69
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
The nobles encouraged social mobility
sharp class distinctions divided European society
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
the practices of the church led to classless society
70
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Commercial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
71
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
socialism
communism
feudalism
manorialism
72
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
73
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
74
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a military route for the defense of the norther border
contact with other cultures through trade
a means of administering the civil service exams
a means for the empire to expand its borders
75
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
the manor system and land ownership
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
76
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
decline in African slave trade
Age of Exploration in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
growth of feudalism in Europe
77
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
capitalism
industrialism
manorialism
mercantilism
78
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
weakening of the power of the middle class
establishment of the guild system
development of a socialist economy
expansion of world trade
79
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
the production of raw materials and cash crops
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
isolationism
respect for the rights of the indigenous
80
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
decline of Mongol rule in China
introduction of gunpowder to China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
81
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
failure of other nations to become interested in China
cultural isolation of China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
great culutral diversity within China's borders
82
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
introduced the Industrial Revolution
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
led to a decline int he importance of the church
83
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
restoration of the Byzantine empire
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
84
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Feudalism strengthened
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
The Catholic Church was weakened
85
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a shrinking aristocracy
an absolutist gov't
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
a wealthy class invested in the arts
86
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
87
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
It is better to be loved, than feared
88
The Byzantine Empire
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
adapted the Roman principles of justice
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
used a senate as the chief governing body
89
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Court systems were developed
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
90
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
Communist regimes
feudal governments
constitutional monarchies
centralized powers
91
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
92
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
developed self-sufficient economies
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
received support from European colonial governments
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
93
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
protect the port city of Guangzhou
94
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in rain forest areas
in mountainous terrain
in coastal areas
on major trading routes
95
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
increasing power of feudal lords
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
96
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
fall of Rome
decline of trade
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
breakdown of central government
97
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Tang and Song dynasties
Byzantine Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Gupta Empire
98
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
silk cloth
Latin language
democratic ideas
Orthodox Christianity
99
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
100
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
a decrease in trade and commerce
the creation of democratic governments
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
the toleration of members of other cultures
101
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a golden age
a period of political chaos
a time of colonial unrest
a poverty-stricken era
102
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
103
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
elected parliaments
the Roman Catholic Church
national monarchies
the Byzantine emperors
104
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
belief in democracy
rigid social structure
imperialist attitudes
cultural values
105
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
decline of Greek city-states
start of the Renaissance in Italy
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
first religious wars in Europe
106
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
origin in the Andes Mountains
social equality
dedication to advancement of science
peaceful territorial expansion
107
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
rejection of Christian teachings
a thriving system of international trade
limited social mobility
a strong central government
108
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
men and women had equal employment opportunities
societies usually developed along river valleys
religion had little developmental influence
large cities were not established until Europeans came
109
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Middle Ages
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Age of Exploration
110
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
establishing trade routes to the Americas
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
111
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
112
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
peaceful relations with other nations
a culture that accepted militarism
equality among Japanese citizens
an increased interest in science and technology
113
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in one God
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in the reincarnation of souls
114
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
115
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade and commerce declined
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
116
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
social mobility
universal suffrage/democracy
racial diversity
a questioning spirit
117
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
produced few cultural achievements
lived at peace with their neighbors
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
118
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
feudalism
entrepreneurship
mercantilism
manorialism