World History Test 9

Revival of learning, art, architecture, scholarship, and literature

Greatly increased royal power by confiscating most of the French lands ruled by the king of England

King of Wessex who drove the Vikings out of England

First (true) pope

Chosen as king of France after death of last Carolingian

What give righteousness and protection

Which rule with no land from new conquests and the loss of the lay investiture, the emperor’s power declined

Sacraments can be obtained through more than just the Catholic Church

Charlemagne canceled many church councils to worsen church doctrine and practice

All sins must be confessed to a priest who assigns actions to pay for sins

How did Charlemagne spread Christianity

Who strengthened the Catholic Church and helped it expand throughout Europe

Monasteries replaced Roman classics with new writings

What claimed that Christ made Peter His substitute on earth, giving him authority over the entire church

Where did Charlemagne help the Catholic Church expand throughout once he strengthened them

What caused many civil wars among the Carolingians that eventually split the empire permanently

Replaced the Celtic language with Anglo-Saxon

Often owned their own labs and were often exempt from week work

Founded the Capetian Dynasty which lasted in France until 1792

Opposed the election of Pope Alexander III

Bishops of Rome claimed authority over the entire church through:

Who was crowned emperor on December 25, 800

Who crowned Charlemagne emperor on December 25, 800

Charlemagne brought the greatest scholars of Europe to his court

Who ended years of civil war by allowing dukes to rule like kings in their duchies

Banned lay investiture, insisting that every new priest be approved by the church

Were free to leave the manor and could even find a new lord

Brings you into full fellowship with the Church

Must be commonly practiced to maintain salvation

Peasants gave a percentage of what to pay rent land and pay for services

What began when Charlemagne was crowned emperor in 800

In return for crowning him emperor, Charlemagne protected Leo from his enemies in Rome

Conquered the Slavs, Lombards, and Magyars

Prohibited the marriage of priests

It’s rulers were usually German kings who were crowned emperor in Rome by the pope

Angleland = England

Who’s conquests have him land and wealth to distribute to family and followers, allowing his family to rule until 1024

Manor officials of skilled craftsmen

What gives grace to the believer

What idea supposedly specially appointed by God lasted in Europe until 1806

Peasants made up ___ of the population

Who founded many monasteries throughout his empire to maintain and continue reforms

Who led the Franks in converting from Arian Christianity to Catholic Christianity

Why were Charlemagne’s conquests important

What allowed rulers to control church wealth and power by making friends and family priests

After who ruled the empire became more German while Francia became a separate kingdom

Removed religious power from the hands of political rulers, creating the idea of separation of church and state

Divided England among his followers but kept 25% of it for himself, making English kings extremely wealthy and powerful

What led to frequent civil wars

Promoted many of the central doctrines still held by Catholics, such as Penance, Purgatory and Mass

What made plowing faster and easier

Production of good and services

Crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962

Was called “Stupor Mundi” (Wonder of the World) because of his intellectual interests and his power

Means you are cut off from receiving sacraments, therefore also cut off from salvation

Mould-board plow improved crop yields

Changing from 2-field to 3-field crop rotation increased the amount of land with crops which was:

What led to the “Dark Ages”

What did monasteries copy to preserve many Roman classics

Who were Germanic invaders of Britain after the fall of Roman power

Why did Frankish kings become weaker

European peasants had about how many Holy Days (holidays) every year when they didn’t work

Unified the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Mercia, East Anglia, and Northumbria

Everything under the control of local land-owners, from the military, law, and justice

Who increased the pope’s power and wealth and power by giving him rich lands taken from Lombard territory

Makes the Holy Spirit available to you

Claimed the Pope has supreme authority over all Christians

Germanic tribes that settled on the borders of the Roman Empire and invaded northern Gaul

All land and services were owned by

European peasants worked very hard and usually died around what age

Turns the bread and wine into the literal body and blood of Jesus

Spent much of his reign fighting popes who fears being encircled and conquered by him

Ate more meat than peasants anywhere else in the world

were usually centered around a village or a group of villages

In which rule did the dukes’ power increase until eventually they chose each new emperor

Mayor of the palace who took power from the last Merovingian king in 751

(Communion) Center of every Catholic service

Partible inheritance

Conquered most of the independent Germanic tribes and many of the Slavic tribes in Europe

Ancestor of the royal family of England

Could be bought and sold with the land they farmed and could not leave the manor without permission

Washes away original sin and makes you part of the Catholic Church

Who crowned Otto I emperor in 962 and needed his protection

(Argued) by Early Catholics to be the first pope

The Count of Paris

Invention of what made food made food-processing more efficient

Who/what intercedes between us and God

Called Barbarossa

Became both king of Sicily (1198) and Holy Roman Emperor (1220)

Peasants worked on the lord’s demesne, an obligation called:

What amount of European peasant children died before adulthood

Saxon king of the Germans who ruled the eastern duchies of Charlemagne’s former empire

In 476, population, wealth, learning, technology and trade increased