Geoscience Final Exam

When a stream has too much load, it will likely respond through __________ , or a separating of the flow path.

The Fujita/Enhanced Fujita Scale (F/EF Scale) categorizes tornadoes based on ___________.

Tornadoes never strike big cities.

Where in the world are tropical cyclones most common?

___________ refers to the state of the atmosphere at one location and at one time.

The strongest winds in a tropical cyclone are usually recorded in which quadrant of the storm (at least in

Across space, temperatures appear to be warming at the highest relative rate in which latitude zone?

By percentage, which type of structure accounts for the largest proportion of tornado fatalities?

There are several lines of evidence that point to humans as the driving force for changes in carbon over the short-term

By %, which aspect of a hurricane accounts for the largest proportion of tropical cyclone fatalities 1963-2012 record?

All models are wrong, but some are useful.

How long ago (≈ years) did the Last Glacial Maximum occur?

Which type of structure do tornado fatalities occur in most often?

Tropical cyclones are known as hurricanes in the North Atlantic Ocean

Earth’s climate was much warmer in the distant past.

Hailstorms are most common in which region of the United States?

Which scale evaluates tropical cyclone makes landfall as outer rainbands impact the cost.

Which type of front is highlighted in the figure below?

Arctic sea ice is decreasing over the past 40 years

A ___ is a violently rotating column of air that extends downward from a cumulonimbus cloud in contact with the ground.

When a stream has too much discharge, it will likely respond through _________ , or a curving of the flow path.

_________ lifting occurs when air flows toward an area of low pressure.

Levees

What type of air is present at (A) in the midlatitude cyclone surface map below?

Extreme precipitation definitions can vary, but often think of these events as the top __% of all precipitation events

In which month of the year do tornadoes occur most often, on average, in the United States?

Using the figure below, what is the maximum damage rating that can be applied through the Enhanced Fujita Scale?

Which type of front is highlighted in the figure below?

Which region of the country is expected to see an increase in the frequency & intensity of heat waves over next century?

Plant hardiness zones are migrating in which direction?

Streams seek equilibrium or a state of balance.

Hail occurs most often in winter storms.

Which of the following stream landforms is not created through erosion?

The pink circle on the following image shows a likely tornado on radar.

A positive radiative forcing leads to warming , while a negative radiative forcing leads to cooling .

Air masses can become modified if they remain stationary over a different source region.

Extreme precipitation events only exist as single-day events.

Which scale is currently (i.e., 2025) used to evaluate tornado magnitude by the National Weather Service?

A proxy is a(n) indirect measurement that stands in for direct meteorological data.

A maritime polar (mP) air mass is associated with cold and dry air.

What do we call the rate of water flow (volumetime) in streams?

Which side of a mountain often receives more precipitation in the midlatitudes?

Which region of the United States has experienced the largest relative increase in extreme precipitation events?

Flood regulations in the United States are based on which hypothetical flood event?

Lightning and thunder occur through the same physical process.

Which of the following tropical cyclones is the costliest in the US history?

Tropical cyclone losses (property loss) are increasing over time in the US.

The human fingerprint on carbon emissions can be seen in a reduction in the concentration of which carbon isotope?

Tornado environments are expected to  over the next century.

Tropical cyclones begin as tropical depressions, before becoming better organized and well-defined.

A tropical cyclone makes landfall as the outer rainbands impact the cost.

Tornado frequency in the United States is historically highest in the Great Plains.

What do we call straight line windstorms associated with fast-moving severe thunderstorms?

Which of the following stages of tropical cyclone development is associated with the highest sustained wind speeds?

What event produce large # of tornadoes in the same weather pattern & across spatial(space) & temporal(time) scales?

Floods are responsible for more weather-related fatalities, on average, than any other hazard.

Which region of the US has the lowest return periods for landfalling tropical cyclones

A front remained in place for an extended period of time, where airflow on either side is almost parallel to the front

The sea level of our ocean system is impacted by both the thermal expansion of water and the melting of sea ice.

Surface air temperature data suggests a ________ trend over the past century.

A tropical cyclone is an intense low-pressure system

Which of the following tropical cyclones was the last category 5 hurricane to impact the US?

Which type of forcing has resulted in the greatest change in effective radiation over the past two centuries? 

[Blank] is the statistics of weather over a long period of time.

What type of air is present at (B) in the midlatitude cyclone surface map below?

Which of the following aspects of the Milankovich Cycles best describes the circularity of Earth's orbit?

There is a significant increase in the amount of insured property loss attached to tornadoes over time.

What influences the amplitude of glacial-interglacial periods?

Which of the following is not considered a large river system of the United States?

A blizzard is a snowstorm defined by the presence of high-level

A Nor'easter is a type of what low pressure system?

 __________ are the floors of streams during floods.

A component of a supercell thunderstorm is ________, which is the variation of wind speed and/or direction with height.

The definition of a tornado has become _______ detailed over time.

Which stage of midlatitude cyclone development is shown in the surface map below?

A ______ is a large surface water body flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.

The presence of which factor helps define severe supercell thunderstorms?

What part a wall-developed tropical cyclone has the most intense precipitation?

What is (are) responsible for much of the flooding and destruction associated with a tropical cyclone?

A stationary front develops when a fast-moving cold front overtakes a warm air mass.

Which of the following risk factors is not associated with tornado casualties?

The base level of most streams is global sea level.

What part of a well-developed tropical cyclone has clear skies and calm winds?

Which interglacial period is our current geological epoch?