Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...

a variety of environmental factors

You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...

assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 148

Answers

1
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
2
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
3
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
4
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
pathogens
5
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
absolute
content
construct
6
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
7
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
8
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
processing
sensation
perception
attention
9
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
intelligence
reasoning
creativity
10
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
relearning
reiteration
11
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
12
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
feeding
memory
the autonomic nervous system
13
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
14
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
tone
food/meat powder
salivation
15
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
16
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
17
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
escape learning
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
18
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
schematizing
cultural direction
19
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
compensation
regression
fixation
20
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
hallucinations
obsessions
delusions
21
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
a headache
22
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
reticular formation
brainstem
amygdala
23
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
24
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
25
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
short-term
sensory
intermediate-term
26
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
smell buds
olfactory cilia
27
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
28
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
means
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
29
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
perception
consciousness
hypnosis
30
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
31
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a sedative
a narcotic
an amphetamine
32
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
selection
stimulus discrimination
33
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
34
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
group polarization
conformity
social loafing
35
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
display rules
36
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
37
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
38
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
39
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
anxiety
personality
40
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
halo effect in aggression
41
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
42
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
medulla
hypothalamus
43
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
44
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
sequential
cross-sectional
time of testing
45
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
strange situation
46
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
47
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
pitch
loudness
decibels
48
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
predictability
accuracy of inference
consistency
49
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
fall into a coma
50
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
51
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
52
What drug increases GABA, impairs judgement and depresses CNS?
cannabis
alcohol
methamphethamine
heroin
53
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
54
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
55
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness
56
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
temperament
personality
attachment
57
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
58
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
introspection
cognition
mentalism
59
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
schema
semantic network
chunk
60
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
social charm
61
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
behavior
the brain
the unconscious
62
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a projective test
a self-report inventory
63
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
64
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
agonists
65
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
abstract operations
66
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
67
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
68
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
extinction
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
69
Who is the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
William James
G. Stanley Hall
70
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
71
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test norms
test scales
test scores
72
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
thalamus
gonads
pituitary
73
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
episodic
crystallized
74
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
functionalism
attributionism
individualism
75
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
sadness
surprise
happiness
76
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
77
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
78
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
panic disorder
79
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
marital problems
80
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
loud noise
rat
rabbit
81
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
82
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
83
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
84
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
85
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
86
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
87
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a delusion
an obsession
a phobia
88
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
self-serving bias
attributions
prejudices
89
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
90
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 4
stage 2
91
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
92
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
morphemic
phonemic
mnemonic
93
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
gamma
beta
alpha
94
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
95
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
vitreous humor
iris
cornea
96
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
97
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
medulla
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
98
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
99
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
100
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
101
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
102
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
103
The early school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of consciousness?
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
neodynamism
104
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
pressure
change
conflict
105
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
106
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
107
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
syntax
108
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
repression
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
109
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
110
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
111
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
heroin
mescaline
cocaine
112
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
113
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
closure
similiarity
symmetry
114
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
115
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
116
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
post-conventional moral reasoning
117
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
118
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
egocentrism
centration
reversibility
119
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a potential score
a percentile score
mental age
120
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
121
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
unipolar
dissociative
bipolar
122
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
corpus callosum
pineal gland
parietal lobe
123
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
saturation
brightness
color
124
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
125
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
126
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
a personality test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
127
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
128
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
129
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
preconventional
postconventional
130
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
print letters
fear the dark
131
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
thalamus
spinal cord
cortex
132
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
133
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the observational group
the correlational group
the control group
134
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
display rules
social scripts
investment differentiations
135
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
136
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
137
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
138
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
modeled
encoded
ablated
139
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
mechanical
spatial
140
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
observational learning
141
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an internal/dispostional attribution
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
142
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
drive theory
143
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
stirrup
cochlea
temporal lobe
144
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
145
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
anal
oral
latency
146
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
groupthink
cognitive dissonance
conformity
147
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
148
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
fill-feed
car-nose
tree-bird

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud