ecology and field biology unit 5

occurs during the night, CO2 converted to simple sugars, ATP and NADP supply the energy

contain interconnected chambers allowing gas exchange, don't have stomata,get carbon from water

when oxidation of carbohydrates and fats yields water

allocate more carbon to the production of thinner, broader leaves, increasing surface area

decomposers such as millipedes and earthworms, breakdown large particles into smaller ones

characteristics enabling organisms to thrive (or not)in both physical and biological environmen

affects plants have on soils exposed to heavy metals

change in response due to environment

requires oxygen

decomposers such as bacteria and fungi

feedback that increases the output of a process

evaporative cooling, morphology to promote cooling

leaves constantly absorb solar radiation, 5% of light is used for photosynthesis

anaerobic respiration in soil, reduced N,P,K uptake, no oxygen reaching roots

high concentration of of CO2, higher rate of photosynthesis, H2O efficient

heat sources from the environment

concentrated in growing tips, new leaves and buds

maintain constant internal body temperature

maintaining a stable internal environment, with variable external environment

how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

sexually produced genetic individual

humming birds are designed to hover

leaching, fragmentation, mineralization, immobilization

rate of CO2 uptake = rate of CO2 loss

resource availability, psychological stress, dispersal, productivity, predation, disease

rely on leafy material

body reverses original stimulus to regain balance

low light conditions, low respiration and photosynthetic rates

generating and regulating body heat internally

plants with high nitrogen

ultimate source of carbon for all living organisms in the atmosphere

adaptation allowing a organism to function between upper and lower limits in enviro conditions

3 types of populations

occurring during the day, light energy is trapped by absorbing pigments, creating ATP and NADP

sight of photosynthesis, light capture, where CO2 is converted to simple sugars

pikilotherm adaptations to low temp

loss of stability, roots may rot

rely on seeds

Store lots of carbon, efficient H2O use

evolutionary response

nutritional requirements for all animals

hibernation, a substantial drop in metabolic activity

group of ramets generating from one genet

feed on dead organic matter

ratio of carbon fixed per unit of water loss

production of smaller thinner leaves, reduced surface area, increased carbon allocation in root

reduced heart rate, respiration rate, body temp drops below 10c

predators of the decomposition world, feed on detritus and microflora

vascularization, shivering, production of brown adipose tissue

summer dormancy, escaping heat and drought

low growth rates, increased leaf longevity, nutrient translocation

reduced turgur, reduced chlorophyll production, premature leaf shedding

high light condition, high respiration and photosynthetic rates

allowing body temp to change with ambient temps

plants adapted to acidic soils

fluctuation of various physiological and behavioural parameters over a 24hour cycle

asexually produced individual

costly in terms of energy consumption

nutrient in least supply that limits growth

affects the rate of chemical reactions and the effectiveness of enzymes

quality, temperature, moisture

level reached when an increase in light does not result in a increase in photosynthesis

does not require oxygen

modules of one genet

sun dependant

water obtained from food

study of the causes of seasonally recurring biological event: leaf development, flowering, seed

during homeostasis animals must...

plants adapted to basic soils

physical adaptations in animals

populations are characterized by

used in industrial sites, use of plants to remove contaminants

heterotherms that allow their core to fall near ambient temps

small leaves, nutrient rich sap, dense fuzz, tall stem

plants adapted to both acidic and basic soils

sum of all genes in a interbreeding population

group of spatially separated populations pf the same species

use the Calvin cycle, mostly in temperate regions

when a maximum quantity of a resource can also reduce survival, growth, or reproductive rates

High energy cost from making PEP

severely constrained by temperature

adapted to warmer climates, fixes CO2 into 4-carbon acids

released energy from food in the presence of oxygen

decrease in photosynthesis due to too much light exposure

active during the day

desert plants, day + night cycle, no bundle sheath cells

process that transforms the abundant form of carbon into food and living tissue

rely on fecal matter