how did the salons start

artists were looking for patrons/clients, the academy displayed artworks they deemed socially accpetable

why is eurocentric-based inclusion of indigenous cultures problematic

denies the visuaul, dress, language, and ritual significnace, rejects indegenous belief systems and sociopolitical structure

what were the prb known for

wet white ground technique, heavy religious themes, erotic and problematic portrayls of women

what were the effects of haussmann's reconstruction of paris

larger streets allowed for more ocmmerce, percentage of the population was displaced, emmergance of the middle class

what is gustave courbet known for

founding father of realism, realistic representation of peasant life in his artwork

what are some visual aspects of primitivism

abstraction and geometry, colors are harmonious and bright & emotional and expressive, dark outline

whats the historical significance of edmonia lewis' forever free

depicts black americans in a non-submissive position to a white figure, focus on a couple; reclamation of african american reproductive rights

what was the salon de refuse

organized by manet, a salon for artworks rejected by the academy, where the public would go to ridicule artwork

what's the correct order of subjects in the hierarchy of painting according to the Academy?

history, religion, portrait, genre, landscape, still life

rejection of metaphysics and theism, philosophical system; every rational assertion can be scientifically proven

what is the cultural significance of pablo picasso's Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907,

detachment from western academic convention, shift into cubism after being exposed to indigenous objects (african)

how did the government react to the great depression

sent Dorothy Lang and her husband to conduct interviews of those affected

what is fred wilson's focus in curation

historical revisionism, to represent how museum displays portray colonization

what did america struggle with when establishing themselves as a global art entity

avoiding chllenging subject matter and politics, american artists trained in europe

what is the main message of william holman hunt's awakening conscience

19th century male saviour complex, return to purity and traditional womanhood

what is the historical significance for this painting?

(more) realistic portrayal of women, parodying/satarizing venus of urbino

what are some key values of german expressionism

seeking authenticity lost to urbanization

what's an aspect of taylorism

the practice of scientific management, the industrial method of productivity and efficiency

what type of photography did Lang Jingsha (Long Chin San) do

based on traditional chinese design

what is the significance of heins lewis' work

lead to congressional investigations of child labour in factories

what is joshua reynolds known for

founder and first president of the academy

what is the decisive moment

the visual moment that captures meaning and context

what were the consequences of Frederick W. Taylor's ideas

unregulated business, concentration of wealth in the upper class, monopolise

how is Albert Bierstadt, The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak, 1863, colonialist

assumes the habitats depicted are already past, romantasizes nature

what was the harlem renaissance

re-characterization of black americans on thier own terms, spiritual emancipation for black americans

what is the significance of railroads during the gilded age

the creation of larger railroads led to economic growth

who were the key figures in the impressionist movement

Claude Monet, August Renoir, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet

when were political cartoons popularized

reconstruction period/civil war

what is the camera obscura

a black box with a convex lens that projects the image on a screen inside

why are emily carr's paintings of totem poles problematic

projecting eurocentric beliefs, implies that indegenous culture is not part of the canadian identity, Imply Indigenous culture's a quantifiable by forms of authenticity, provide evidence of racial contamination/cultural deterioration

what is the social importance/implication of manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergere

consumerism and objectification, capitalism and the bourgeois

which of these artworks is neoclassical?

View on the Stour near Dedham, John Constable, 1810

what is a negative in photography

image on a sheet of transparent plastic film where light is inverted

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art history 101

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Questions 107

Answers

1
did the enlightenment inspire caricature?
False
True
2
how did the salons start
the aristocracy became bored withe current social events
galleries partnered with the academy to sell artwork
artists were looking for patrons/clients
the academy displayed artworks they deemed socially accpetable
3
why is eurocentric-based inclusion of indigenous cultures problematic
denies the visuaul, dress, language, and ritual significnace
rejects indegenous belief systems and sociopolitical structure
colonization of images is parasitic
4
what were the prb known for
wet white ground technique
heavy religious themes
their strong relationship with the royal academy
erotic and problematic portrayls of women
5
what were the effects of haussmann's reconstruction of paris
larger streets allowed for more ocmmerce
percentage of the population was displaced
peoplel became more involved in architecture
emmergance of the middle class
6
what is gustave courbet known for
founding father of realism
realistic representation of peasant life in his artwork
beautiful landscape paintings
founding the royal academy in paris france
7
what are some visual aspects of primitivism
morality
abstraction and geometry
colors are harmonious and bright & emotional and expressive
dark outline
8
whats the historical significance of edmonia lewis' forever free
depicts black americans in a non-submissive position to a white figure
anarchist messaging
ancient greek figures in a modern urban context
focus on a couple; reclamation of african american reproductive rights
9
what was the main subject of cahun's work
gender expression
longing for the past
premanent imagery
romantic aesthetics
10
what was the salon de refuse
radical and subversive
organized by manet, a salon for artworks rejected by the academy
a symbol of institutional control
where the public would go to ridicule artwork
11
what's the correct order of subjects in the hierarchy of painting according to the Academy?
history, landscape, portrait, genre, religion, still life
landscape, genre, still life, portrait, religion
history, religion, portrait, genre, landscape, still life
history, still life, landscape, genre, religion
12
what kind of photography did jane arbus do
anti-capitalist
marginalied groups
street photgraphy/shooting from the hip
Bureaucratic documentary
13
define positivism
aesthetic movement in the 19th century stemming from the french revolution
rejection of metaphysics and theism
philosophical system; every rational assertion can be scientifically proven
sacrificing christian ideology
14
impressionist paintings have a specific subject
False
True
15
what is the cultural significance of pablo picasso's Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907,
detachment from western academic convention
Refers to a street in Barcelona which is known for prostitution
shift into cubism after being exposed to indigenous objects (african)
enterpretation of german folklore
16
when was the French royal art academy established?
1648
1780
1802
1666
17
how did the government react to the great depression
sent Dorothy Lang and her husband to conduct interviews of those affected
sent Diane Arbus and her husband to conduct interviews of those affected
public survey/pole to assert what kind of action should be taken next
employed more farmers
18
did the arts and crafts movement claim that creative labour was anti-capitalist by nature
False
True
19
what is fred wilson's focus in curation
open dialogue about the civil war
abolitionisim
historical revisionism
to represent how museum displays portray colonization
20
1910 USA Census; 404 black photographers compared to 31,257 white photographers
False
True
21
did primitivism lead to surrealism
True
False
22
what did america struggle with when establishing themselves as a global art entity
avoiding chllenging subject matter and politics
american artists trained in europe
poverty rates were too high
not enough patronage
23
what is the main message of william holman hunt's awakening conscience
discarding of modern principles
upperclass corruption
19th century male saviour complex
return to purity and traditional womanhood
24
who's portrait is this
elizabeth siddall
elisabeth vigée-lebrun
jane morris
bea beatrix
25
claude cahun died in prison during ww ii
False
True
26
is new negro movement synonymous with harlem renaissance
False
True
27
what is the historical significance for this painting?
parodying 18th century aristocracy
(more) realistic portrayal of women
parodying/satarizing venus of urbino
commentary on capitalism
28
is cultural appropriation a modern symptom of primitivism
True
False
29
maps are political
False
True
30
what are some key values of german expressionism
hedonism
the importance of indigenous art
caring about the materials used in production of artwork
seeking authenticity lost to urbanization
31
what's an aspect of taylorism
the practice of scientific management
the industrial method of productivity and efficiency
aesthetic pleasure
economic equity
32
queer and homosexual identity were mostly censored or harshly stereotyped in the 1900s
True
False
33
what type of photography did Lang Jingsha (Long Chin San) do
documentary photography
gender and sexuality themed
chinese architechture
based on traditional chinese design
34
what is the significance of heins lewis' work
lead to congressional investigations of child labour in factories
led to more workers rights for women
led to the creation of the weekend
led to union organizations shutting down
35
what is joshua reynolds known for
social reformation
founder and first president of the academy
rebuilding paris according to napoleon ii orders
aristocracy
36
what is the decisive moment
the visual moment that captures meaning and context
secessionism
aestheitcs movement
using a kodak brownie
37
what themes did impressionism cover (mainly)
lower class labour
royalty
middle class leisure
upper class aristocracy
38
what were the consequences of Frederick W. Taylor's ideas
unregulated business, concentration of wealth in the upper class
patriotic leadership
rise in literacy
monopolise
39
how is Albert Bierstadt, The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak, 1863, colonialist
assumes the habitats depicted are already past
not historically accurate
romantasizes nature
urges skepticism
40
what was the harlem renaissance
harlem municipal challenge
re-characterization of black americans on thier own terms
1970s gender movement
spiritual emancipation for black americans
41
what was the hinge movement between romanticism and impressionism
dadism
realism
post-structuralism
neo-impressionism
42
who created the gelatin roll film in 1888
George Eastman
Kodak Brownie
Frenchman Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
Diane Arbus
43
what is the significance of railroads during the gilded age
greed of capitalism
desperateness of the workforce
created guerrilla and militia organizations
the creation of larger railroads led to economic growth
44
who were the key figures in the impressionist movement
Jacob Riis, Berthe Morisot, Alfred Sisley, Edouard Manet
Claude Monet, August Renoir, Edgar Degas, Julia Margret Cameron
Berthe Morisot, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Elisabet LeBrun
Claude Monet, August Renoir, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet
45
when were political cartoons popularized
during the romantic/neoclassical period
before 1789
early 2000s
reconstruction period/civil war
46
what is the camera obscura
a black box with a convex lens that projects the image on a screen inside
east india trading company's first camera
a dark room
a paper negative
47
why are emily carr's paintings of totem poles problematic
projecting eurocentric beliefs
implies that indegenous culture is not part of the canadian identity
Imply Indigenous culture's a quantifiable by forms of authenticity
provide evidence of racial contamination/cultural deterioration
48
what is the social importance/implication of manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergere
consumerism and objectification
upper class visual complexity
capitalism and the bourgeois
pre-war france
49
which of these artworks is neoclassical?
View on the Stour near Dedham, John Constable, 1810
Tatiana and the Bottom Henry Fuseli, 1790
Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Edouard Manet, 1882
Ophelia, John Everett Millais, 1852
50
what genre is Jacques Louis David's The Death of Socrates
surrealist
neoclassical
impressionist
romantic
51
what is a negative in photography
a type of photography used in the early 1700s
image on a sheet of transparent plastic film where light is inverted
film
the second copy of a photgraph
52
define image proper v proper image
journalistic integrity as opposed to corruption
presenting the possibilities of blackness instead of assimilating image
clothing style changes during the early 1900s
sterotype propaganda
53
why was it important for women painters to know portraiture
demonstration of technical skill
conservative politics
key to social events
brought in clients/patrons
54
what's the name of this artwork?
Ophelia, Sir John Everett Millais (1851-1852)
Proserpine, Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1874)
Beata Beatrix, Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1870)
The Awakening Conscience, William Holman Hunt (1853)
55
James Van Der Zee was criticized for romanticized/eurocentric representations of black america in hiw photography
True
False
56
what was jeannie louis known for
promoting marginalized groups' art
surrealism
Toussaint Conservatory of the Art and Music in Harlem
texan social reform
57
what were the tenants of neoclassical art
indulgence and hedonism
inspire emotion and insight in the viewer
using the subjects (typically classical figures) as metaphors
civic and moral responsibility
58
when did the supreme court declair the civil rights act of 1875 unconstitutional
1883
1844
1875
1992
59
define anti-modernism
a rejection of modernity due to it creating an isolating environment
popular artistic environment which encouraged primitivism
creative impulse
social movement brought on by the rapid industrialization of the west
60
what is the significance and impact of henry ossawa tanner's the banjo lesson
an argument against assimilation of black culture
passing knowledge onto new generations and leaving behind oppression
addressing the colonial origins of manifest destiny
depicting african americans in a positive and noble light
61
what are the early processes of phtography
heliographs, daguerreotype, Calotype, Collodian, Combination
Collodian, Combination
heliographs, daguerreotype, Calotype, sadenism,
colonialism, aguerreotype, Calotype, Collodian
62
how was social darwinism related to arts and crafts
the upper claass held power over the lower class
craft was seen as inferior because it was practiced by lower classes
print media did not recognize arts and crafts
large institutions implemented anti union laws
63
what is the name of this photography
The Kiss of Mary. Florence Anson & Mary Earl, 1899
The Kiss of Peace. Mary Hillier, 1825
The Kiss of Peace. Diane Arbus, 1855
The Kiss of Peace. Florence Anson & Mary Hillier, 1869
64
what are modernist values
rejecting technology
breaking away from tradition
incompatibility with academic values
rejection of post-realism
65
who were the pre-raphealite brotherhood (prb)?
John Keats, John Everett Millais, Danet Gabriel Rossetti
Christina Rossetti, Elizabeth Siddall, John Ruskin
Claude Baudelair, Christina Aguilera, Annie Swynnerton,
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais
66
what was the jim crow era
"separate but equal"
the deterioration of progressive anti-slavery laws
segregation of african americans and removal of thier rights
marked the end of expansion and colonization
67
why does the argument of 'primitivism is indigenous representation' not hold up
unnatural representations of nature
indigenous items/images are used lacking context
implies that indigenous art is inferior to western art
is centered on western values
68
define dadaism
a pro academia art movement in the mid 1900s
an anti-establishment art movement that developed in 1915 post WWI
a merging of photography and painting
arts and crqafts movement
69
how did japanese prints influence impressionism
inspired western artists to visually represent things differently
orientalism
japanese prints did not influence impressionism
cultural complementation and integration
70
what is social darwinism
a way to avoid being held accountable by the government
idea that the most successful people in society are more evolved
anti-capitalist argument that led to the creation of the weekend
idea that seasonal changes inspire social and behavioral changes
71
what is a fallen woman
a subcategory of Flemish art
woman fallen into prostitution due to poverty and circumstance
synonym for a model
Character archetype in 19th century eurpoean liturature
72
what was henry jackson lewis known for
first african american editorical cartoonist
helping slaves flee north
being inspired my medieval art
reformation and lobbying
73
how did tanner's work shift after he moved to paris
advertising for redcross
painting religious scenes/imagery
racism in parisian lifestyle
american politics and stereotype
74
how did african americans adapt to urban life post jim crow
fishing
fled from the south to the east
dumpster diving or cotton picking
fled to europe
75
what is christina rossetti most well known for
nominated to be the poet laureate
her poem three days
her connection to the prb
her poem the goblin market
76
what is the historical importance of manet's Th Execution of Emperor Maximilian
referencing goya's third of may (1814)
referencing contemporary urban life
highly controversial subject matter
representative of class structure
77
fillet?
False
True
78
discribe Alexandre Cabanel work/style
erotic femininity
exemplifying the bourgeois and the academy's values
cultural, global, and political expansion
abstract
79
were women's artworks presented in salons
no
yes, they were displayed at eye level
rarely, they were displayed near the top
there was a seperate event for that
80
what is the significance of cole during the gilded age
supported nation markets
made unions possible
the booming railroad industry made cole more profitable
demonstrated how the upper class controled the lower class
81
what was the goal of the secessionist movement
russo-european constructivism
make photography a valuable form of art
psychological photography
restoration of early camera methods
82
why did napoleon iii order the restructuring of paris streets
construct a central market
construct new buildings
bring clean water and a modern sewer system to paris
make it difficult for revolutionaries to create barricades in allyways
83
what characterized the era of enlightenment
naturalism and self-sacrifice
workers rights and unionization
rationalism and scientific/empirical evidence
questioning the authority of state, religion, and the status quo
84
what's the main difference between neoimpressionism and impressionism
pointillism
stylistic gymmicks
subject matter
neoimpressionism focused more on color theory, tone, and line
85
the gilded age reinforce the idea of manifest destiny
True
False
86
pablo picasso was influenced by the trocadero museum
False
True
87
did france like impressionism at the time of it's inception
True
False
88
how did the newsprint influence the salons
critics held power over artists' careers
they would provide bursuries to favoured artists
they didn't
made the artworld more accessable to the general public
89
define romanticism
fear of the unknown
opposed and criticized reason-based worldviews
reactionary socio-artistic movement to neoclassicism
focused on the subject
90
Madame Yevonde was known for campy socialite portraiture
False
True
91
how did paul signac describe the neoimpressionist movement
the great social struggle that's taking place between workers & capital
a degredation of the era
depicting liesure and entertainment
rejection of a strong centralized government
92
how does the collodion method work
mirrorless photography
dry glass plate is in the camera
a wet glass pane is placed inside of a camera
permanent photgraphic imaging
93
why weren't women allowed in the academy?
it was immoral to see naked figures
narrative that women had less artistic skill than men
liturgical disagreements
unpatriotic
94
what did realism reject?
religious undertones
idealization
academic streamlined standards
beauty
95
what was the purpose of a grand tour
Johann Joachim Winklemann was looking for collaborators
educate artists on the classics
provide tourism for the newly excavated Herculaneum and Pompeii
prepare aristocratic men to take over as heads of the family
96
what was the arts and crafts movement born from
anti-industrialist sentiment according with labour degredation
early aesthetic philosophy
cheap public transportation
William Morris
97
where does the term "impressionist" come from
critics called the impressionists' work unfinished and resembled sketches
local 19th century slang
academic term for unfinished artwork
latin for "unflinished"
98
how does salvador dali's Metamorphosis of Narcissus, 1937 relate to primitivism
conversation between the rational and irrational
underlaying spiritual message derived from indegenous belief systems
break with western cubism
radically painted and uses the academic style to render the unconscious
99
what aspects led to the rise of popularity in landscape painting
urbanization made people miss nature
the sublime represented the uncontrollable which paralleled politics
history paintings became boring
a sense of loss of the past
100
why were history paintings the most important in academic hierarchy
supported worker's rights
portrayed royalty in a positive light
depicted human subjects and intellectual/moral weight
they were the largest
101
why was jacob rii's work important
solidified documentary photography
he was an immigrant
instrumental to social reform
created the flash technique
102
what does en plien air mean
painting indoors
painting outdoors
painting from high up
wet white ground technique
103
what does it mean to 'not be a mosquito' in the context of interacting with indigenous culture
minimal engament with the culture
contribute back to the community in return for the community teaching you
disheartening and paracitic
to give back what you are given
104
when was the kodak brownie invented
1888
1990
1900
1998
105
what are some characteristics of primitivism
symbolic anatomy and exaggerated line, shape and color
academically untrained, spontanious line and color
texture and abstract shape
soft shading, minimal brushwork
106
who was one of the few women to enter the royal academy?
elisabeth vigée-lebrun
angelica kauffman
august renoir
kiki man rey
107
how does aesthetic value change over time
societal shifts and retrospective
agricultural patterns
technological advancement
stock market

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