The Tiananmen Square incident was provoked by all of the following except

Unprecedented market growth under market socialism

Russia is no longer a communist state, but shares this feature with communist China

Government restrictions on development of civil society

If the Duma rejects a president PM appointee three times

The president may dissolve the Duma

Which was not a measure imposed by Putin between 2000 & 2015?

Devolving power to republics in the Caucasus

The last significant change in the regime of the U.K. was

Creating a supreme court separate from the legislature

Which of the following accurately describes the separation of powers in the U.K.?

There is some separation w/ creation of separate Supreme Ct

Iran and China share which of the following institutional arrangements?

A national assembly with only limited power over laws

What are the technocrats?

Technologically skilled people with power in China

Mexican and Nigerian political cultures differ in which of the following ways?

Mexico: strong nationalism; Nigeria: strong ethnic identity

One difference between parliamentary and presidential forms of government is

Executive in pres. system is independent of legislature

Which country is most likely to enjoy a flourishing civil society?

A country in which independent interest groups thrive

What change did the 1911 Parliament act make to the way government functions in the U.K.?

It stripped the House of Lords of most significant power

Why are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) important in developing countries?

They provide vital social services

Which of the following is untrue about women in Iran?

The form a majority in the Majlis

In which types of national votes can Russians participate

Presidential, Duma, and referenda elections only

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Answers

1
The Tiananmen Square incident was provoked by all of the following except
Unprecedented market growth under market socialism
A belief that market reforms might lead to political reforms
The belief that China should allow a more democratic system
Reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev
2
Russia is no longer a communist state, but shares this feature with communist China
Government restrictions on development of civil society
Lack of political parties
Continued opposition to the growth of capitalism
Majority of economy is devoted to heavy industry
3
If the Duma rejects a president PM appointee three times
The president may dissolve the Duma
The Constitutional Court determines the PM
The president must select a different PM candidate
The Duma appoints the PM
4
A formula that measures economic inequality within a country
Gini Coefficient
HDI
Per capita GDP
GDP adjusted for PPP
5
Which faction within the CCP is most opposed to democratization?
Conservatives
Liberals
Reformers
6
When many groups are free to participate in the policy-making process:
Pluralism
Civil society
Democratization
Transparency
7
Which of the following is the most important agent of political socialization in most nations?
School
Religious leaders
The family
The media
8
The Mexican economy has struggled party because of its dependency on production/export of
Products for tourism
Silver
Oil
Wheat
9
Which was not a measure imposed by Putin between 2000 & 2015?
Devolving power to republics in the Caucasus
Establishing presidential appointments of governors
Increasing restrictions on the media
Changing the electoral system for the Duma
10
Which of the following is a "technocrat"?
Chiang Kai Shek
Deng Xiaoping
Xi Jinping
Mao Zedong
11
Which of the AP Comp 6 has the largest legislature?
Russia
China
United Kingdom
Mexico
12
In contrast to Great Britain, Russia's political culture puts more emphasis on
State authority
Civil society
The importance of nationality
Insularity
13
What is China's economy considered to be?
Pure market
Socialist market
Libertarian
Command
14
The AP Comp nation with the highest reported poverty rate
Nigeria
China
Iran
Mexico
15
Who is the current president of China?
Xi Jinping
Hu Jintao
Mao Zedong
Jiang Zemin
16
The last significant change in the regime of the U.K. was
The change from an adversarial to an inquisitorial court
The separation of the House of Lords as a separate branch
Creating a supreme court separate from the legislature
The change to an entirely proportional electoral system
17
An important goal of Yeltsin's "shock therapy" in the 1990s was to create a(n)
Democratic republic
Market-based socialist economy
Oligarchy
Free-market economy
18
The current Supreme Leader of Iran is
Ali Khameini
Hassan Rouhani
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ruhollah Khomeini
19
A cadre list would be used for which of the following?
Socialism
Nomenklatura
Perestroika
Federalism
20
The greatest change in Mexican political history since 1950 was
The end of the camarillas system
Transformation from a socialist to a capitalist economy
The end of one-party dominance
The end of electoral fraud
21
Which of the following accurately describes the separation of powers in the U.K.?
There is separation between executive and legislative only
There is a fusion of all three branches of government
There are three distinct branches of government
There is some separation w/ creation of separate Supreme Ct
22
Iran and China share which of the following institutional arrangements?
A national assembly with only limited power over laws
Single-party rule
A president who serves for life
Federal division of power
23
Which of the following groups would most likely support Mexico's PRD?
People who support the Catholic Church's role in politics
Urban workers
Business owners
Large landowners
24
The Constitution of 1979 was created by a directly-elected 73-man group of clerics called the
Revolutionary Guard
Guardian Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
Majlis
25
What are the technocrats?
Tech-skilled people mocked in the Cultural Revolution
Political elites that discourage use of technology
Those who monitor internet communications in China
Technologically skilled people with power in China
26
Political and economic change in Britain has long been characterized by
Coups d'etat
Resistance to reform
Gradualism
Revolutions
27
Which of the following pairs of countries have federal systems?
Great Britain and Russia
China and Russia
Mexico and Nigeria
Great Britain and Nigeria
28
Bonyads in Iran are most similar to what kind of organization in the U.K.?
QUANGOs
The Scottish National Party
The House of Commons
Nomenklatura
29
Mexican and Nigerian political cultures differ in which of the following ways?
Mexico: gender equality important; Nigeria: women inferior
Nigeria: personal freedom important; Mexico: no freedom
Mexico: strong nationalism; Nigeria: strong ethnic identity
Mexico: support military; Nigeria: anti-military rule
30
One difference between parliamentary and presidential forms of government is
Presidential system has no fixed term of office for exec.
Executive in pres. system is independent of legislature
Executive in pres. system subject to no-confidence vote
Parliamentary system assures no period of divided government
31
In China, the term guanxi refers to what?
Bribes
A Buddhist religious group
Personal connections
Political socialization
32
Recently, Russia has been accused of violating the sovereignty of which neighboring country?
Ukraine
Chechnya
Moldova
Crimea
33
Which country is most likely to enjoy a flourishing civil society?
A country in which independent interest groups thrive
A country with frequent coups
A country in which most accept the "rules of the game"
A country with political and economic development
34
This Treaty established the Three Pillars of the European Union
Rome
Lisbon
Paris
Maastricht
35
Which of the following traditions in China most emphasizes respect for traditional roles?
Maoism
Confucianism
Daoism
Socialist market economy
36
The ability to make and enforce public policy without answering to a higher power
Judicial review
Sovereignty
Common law
Liberal democracy
37
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
The Shah
Mohammad Mossadeq
Ayatollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
38
What change did the 1911 Parliament act make to the way government functions in the U.K.?
It eliminated "rotten boroughs"
It stripped the House of Lords of most significant power
It allowed for women to be elected to the House of Commons
It removed most hereditary peers in the House of Lords
39
Why are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) important in developing countries?
They provide vital social services
They run the government
They provide political stability
They provide support to the nation's leaders
40
Which of the following is the most powerful seat of political power in China?
The National People's Congress
Central Committee
National Party Congress
Politburo Standing Committee
41
When a court has the power to overturn a law passed by the legislature
Code law
Common law
Judicial review
Referendum
42
Which of the following countries has the most homogeneous populations?
China
Iran
Russia
Mexico
43
A characteristic of the political culture that explains Britain's attitude towards the EU is
Insularity
Cultural homogeneity
Multinationalism
Noblesse oblige
44
One key challenge to U.K. sovereignty in recent years has been
Lack of natural resources
Economic disparity
Membership in the E.U.
Religious cleavages
45
Which of the following is untrue about women in Iran?
The form a majority in the Majlis
The represent nearly half of professional positions
The are required to wear a hijab in public
The form the majority of college students
46
In which types of national votes can Russians participate
Presidential, Duma, and referenda elections only
Presidential elections only
Presidential and Duma elections only
Duma elections only
47
How is the relationship between China and Hong Kong described?
Two countries, two systems
One country, two systems
Two countries, one system
One country, one system
48
People in Iran grew increasingly angry with the Shah for all of the following reasons except
Unequal distribution of income
Stifling of opposition groups & individuals
Creation and use of SAVAK
Strong GDP growth
49
Who was the first president of the Chinese Republic?
Jiang Zemin
Wen Jibao
Hu Jintao
Sun Yat-sen
50
In contrast to civil society in Great Britain, civil society in Russia is
Less characterized by conflict
More oriented toward political participation
Relatively underdeveloped
Less influenced by state authority
51
Which of the following is the best example of a parastatal in Mexico?
America Movil
Camarillas
PEMEX
NAFTA
52
Which of the following is responsible for "vetting" candidates for political office in Iran?
Expediency Council
Guardian Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
Majlis
53
This world leader alienated Iran after 9/11 with the "Axis of Evil" speech
George H.W. Bush
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
54
"Political culture" is
A complex social networking system
Patronage
Widely shared political beliefs, attitudes, & values
A person's set of core beliefs about government policies
55
Which group is assigned to investigate Iran for compliance with JCPOA?
The United States
The UN Security Council
The International Atomic Energy Agency
The European Union
56
Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of the U.K. electoral system?
Single member district plurality vote for the lower house
Direct democracy system
Proportional representation system
Majority popular vote
57
The "iron rice bowl"
Gave cradle-to-grave benefits to workers
Was designed to benefit the leaders of the Communist Party
Privatized major sectors of the Chinese economy
Was established by Sun Yat Sen
58
Globalization has had which of the following impacts?
Less pressure for nations to address human rights violations
A reduction of the Gini index in most countries
Less foreign direct investment in most countries
Greater wealth distribution worldwide
59
In Iran, formal political parties are less important than reformist and conservative coalitions
True
False
60
China's rapid industrialization of the past 30 years has done which of the following?
Increased types of social welfare benefits citizens receive
Narrowed the gap between rich and poor
Limited the flow of migrant workers to urban areas
Produced extensive environmental degradation and pollution
61
An apparent connection between variables
Corporatism
Cooptation
Causation
Correlation
62
The network of camarillas that characterized the Mexican system in the 20th century was
Privatization
Pluralism
Patron-clientalism
Parastatal
63
Which of the following best describes newspapers in Nigeria?
Newspapers are widely available and depended on heavily
Newspapers are controlled by the state
There are no newspapers
They are available, but literacy & language limit importance
64
Which of the following is a significant cleavage in Mexico?
Mestizo vs. Amerindian
All of the above
Urban vs. Rural/Social Class
North vs. South
65
Which of the following best characterizes the Iranian Revolution of 1979?
Strategy of terrorist attacks on Tehran, other urban areas
Short fairly non-violent upheaval w/ support of middle class
Prolonged nation-wide guerilla uprising
Bloodless coup that installed military regime
66
Transparency in government is important for combating
Economic inequality
Devolution
Corruption
Political party conflicts
67
The Westminster model of representative government differs from presidential models most in its
Federal structure
Legislative sovereignty
Use of proportional election procedures
Publicly funded election campaigns
68
One reason ethnic conflict in China has been relatively limited is
Most Chinese are happy to have a strong, powerful state
Small population & geographic isolation of ethnic minorities
Most Chinese are Buddhist pacifists and won't revolt
Tibet is the only problem area under Chinese control
69
What did Mao Zedong call the command economy of China from 1949 to 1976?
The Socialist Market Economy
A free-market economy
Special Economic Zones
The Iron Rice Bowl
70
Approximately how many members are in the CCP?
About 1 million
About 500 million
All voting-eligible citizens of China
About 80 million
71
Which best describes women's political participation in the developing world?
Political participation is generally prohibited
Traditional cultural values often limit participation
Women are not interested in politics in the developing world
Rural women participate more than urban women do
72
The president is both Head of State and Head of Government in which of the following?
China and Nigeria
Nigeria and Mexico
Mexico and Russia
Iran and Mexico
73
Parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of votes received
Single member districts
Proportional representation
Referenda
First-past-the-post
74
Iran and Nigeria differ in which of the following ways?
Iran is a unitary state, Nigeria is a federal state
Nigeria has regular elections, but Iran does not
Iran's law is based on common law, Nigeria's on shari'a
Nigeria relies on the export of oil, but Iran does not
75
Unlike most advanced democracies, the United Kingdom does not have a
Head of state
Written constitution
Plurality electoral system
Parliamentary system
76
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution was to
Seize power from Mao Zedong
Purify the CCP and nation through ideological transformation
Establish military rule in China
Establish a communist regime in China
77
Which pairs of legislative houses are meant to represent regions in their countries?
Britain's House of Commons and the Mexican Senate
Mexico's Senate and Russia's Federation Council
Britain's House of Lords and the Russian Duma
The Mexican Chamber of Deputies and China's Congress
78
Which of the following countries is actively trying to boost its population?
Iran
China
The United Kingdom
Russia
79
Which of the following is not a major political party in Nigeria?
ACN (Action Congress of Nigeria)
ANPP (All Nigeria People's Party)
PDP (People's Democratic Party)
PRN (People's Republic of Nigeria)
80
In the U.K., the monarch serves primarily as
A mediator between competing political forces
A symbol of national unity and political legitimacy
A reminder of Great Britain's former power and wealth
A final authority on matters of public policy
81
A bonyad is not
The Iranian morality police
A charitable organization exempt from taxes
A fenced in area of Boston to keep farm animals
Subsidized by the government
82
Winner-take-all; whoever wins the most votes get the one available seat in the election
First-past-the-post
Proportional representation
Single member districts
Parliamentary system
83
Russia's economy is most dependent on
Coal reserves
Oil and gas reserves
International trade, especially with China
Agricultural products
84
Which of the following identifies two basic elements of all modern representative democracies?
Proportional representation, separation of exec/leg power
A written constitution, separation of powers
Free speech, private ownership of all industry
Free and fair elections, broad suffrage
85
Public access to media in the U.K. is best described as
Accessible to all, including social media
Accessible to all, except television, which is state-run
Access is severely restricted
Open with some limitations imposed by the government
86
PRI-controlled governments after 1929 all generally practiced
Neoliberalism
Totalitarianism
Interest group pluralism
State corporatism
87
Approximately what was the growth rate of China's GDP from 1990-2009?
-2%
3%
8%
25%
88
When groups, such as business, labor, interest groups work closely with gov't in policy-making
Corporatism
Cooptation
Rentier states
Command economies
89
A corporation owned or partially owned and controlled by the government is a
Parastatal
Bonyad
Basij
Guanxi
90
As countries enter into free trade agreements (like NAFTA) there is greater demand on them to
Allow for bottom-up political participation
Plan their economies centrally
Revise economic policies to favor international trade
Adopt proportional representation systems
91
The transition from an authoritarian system to a liberal democracy
Democratization
Devolution
Cooptation
Economic liberalization
92
What is the highest legislative body in the People's Republic of China?
Provincial Congress
Politburo Standing Committee
National People's Congress
Politiburo
93
Which of the following is an example of a role political parties play in the U.K. legislature?
Parties are awarded seats proportionally
Parties have a minor role since there is a fusion of powers
Parties evenly divide seats in the Commons
The PM is chosen by the majority party in Commons
94
Political parties in the U.K. play a major role in policy-making because
Of the long-standing tradition of common law
They have a strong relationship with the monarch
They are organized around charismatic leaders
The majority party forms the Government in the Commons
95
One similarity between the Russian and British systems is that both
Have a lower house as the more powerful policy-making body
Have the PM as head of the lower house of the legislature
Merge the positions of Head of State and Head of Government
Have an unwritten constitution
96
How did revolutions in Russia and China compare?
In both, Marxism defined the end goal
China's was more rapid
Both resulted in democratization
Russia's was more factionalized than China's
97
What is a major problem with the bureaucracy in Nigeria?
Corruption is pervasive
The civil service is controlled by the military
The civil service is understaffed
There is no functioning bureaucracy in Nigeria
98
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of northern and southern Mexico?
A larger proportion of southern people live in urban areas
Larger numbers of Amerindians live in the north
There are few socioeconomic differences between the regions
The north is more supportive of a market-based economy
99
In communist societies, nomenklatura is a process followed for
Trade with foreign nations
Allocation of economic goods
Recruitment of elites into important positions
Military intervention
100
Who had become China's most powerful leader by 1978?
Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping
Sun Yat-sen
Jiang Zemin
101
Which of the following is not part of Great Britain?
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
102
Which of the following is not a political party operating in the U.K.?
Conservative Party
Labour Party
Plaid Cymru
Progressive Royalists Party
103
The two religions that have intensified ethnic conflict in Nigeria are
Christianity and Baha'i
Hinduism and Christianity
Islam and Christianity
Islam and Judaism
104
Hukuo restrictions in China have mostly heavily impacted
Rural to urban migration
Population growth
Trade with other countries
The government's ability to tax citizens
105
The Federation Council of Russia has which of the following powers?
Call new elections for the Duma
Ratify treaties and issue a suspensive veto
Approve presidential decrees and appoint judges
Approve the president's choice of prime minister
106
In China, fang shou refers to what?
Personal connections
The list of those eligible for office in the communist party
A "loosening/tightening" process of political freedom
The system restricting movement from rural to urban areas
107
Which of the following best describes the legislature & electoral system in Russia?
Unicameral; 1st-past-the-post, SMDs
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower prop. rep.
Unicameral; PR with 5% threshold
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower both PR & SMD
108
Which of the following does not contribute to political legitimacy in the British regime?
Accountability created by free, competitive elections
The monarch as head of state
Limits on free press by the Official Secrets Act
Public question time of ministers in the House of Commons
109
Which of the following pairs of parties are generally regarded as parties of the left?
PRD in Mexico and Labour Party in the UK
PRI in Mexico and United Russia
Green Party in the UK and PRI in Mexico
CCP and PAN in Mexico
110
Which of the following is not a political issue in the U.K. with respect to cleavages?
Social welfare
Geographic isolation
Ethnic changes
Economic prosperity
111
Which of the following appoints the Supreme Leader?
The Assembly of Experts
The Council of Ministers
The Guardian Council
The Expediency Council
112
Between 1966 and 1993, Nigeria experienced a
Resurgence in its dependency on Britain
Successful parliamentary-style government
Decline in the influence of patron-client networks
Series of military coups
113
One significant impact of the Shah's "White Revolution" was that it
Abolished private property
Secularized the society
Created a theocracy
Weakened the army
114
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Labour Party?
It supports privatization of medical services
It favors government support for social welfare programs
It is center-left
It supports government involvement in the economy
115
Who led the People's Republic of China from 1949 until 1976?
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek
Deng Xiaoping
Sun Yat-sen
116
Which of the following accurately compares Russian and Mexican elections/voting for president?
Mexico: may win with plurality; Russia: must have majority
Both: presidents have six year terms, but no reelection
Mexico: must win with majority; Russia: win with plurality
Both: president must win by a majority vote
117
Which of the following countries have economies that are heavily dependent on oil?
Russian, Britain, Mexico
China, Nigeria, Iran
China, Russia, Nigeria
Nigeria, Iran, Mexico
118
Which of the following is the best definition of "state"
The ethnic loyalty of a population
The basic unit of political org. for a people in a territory
Enduring political patterns from one leader to the next
Self-determination
119
One similarity between the PMs of Great Britain and Russia is that both
Are the head of the head of the majority in the lower house
Must be directly elected by a majority vote
Have the ability to dissolve their legislatures
May be removed by a vote of no confidence in the lower house
120
In both Mexico and Russia, the Supreme Court has
No basis in the nation's constitution
Judicial review only in theory
Complete independence from the executive branch
No appellate authority
121
What is meant by velayat e' faqih?
Clerical leaders act as custodians of the people and nation
The switch from common law to civil law
The head of the judiciary interprets the Constitution
The Revolutionary Guard protect the Supreme Leader
122
During recent elections, which region has been most reliably supportive of PRD candidates?
Mexico City
Southern Mexico
Northern Mexico
The Yucatan peninsula
123
Views about policy-making, the government's role, the pace of change, freedom & equality
Political attitudes
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Political ideology
124
Voluntary social organizations outside of government representing various interests
Political culture
Civil society
Liberal democracy
Political recruitment
125
Which of the following is not an indicator of high levels of development?
High life expectancy
High infant mortality rates
Low birthrate
High GDP
126
Which of the following is a major exporter of oil?
Iran, U.K., and China
Iran, Nigeria, and China
Iran, China, and Russia
Iran, Mexico, and Nigeria
127
How long has the current regime in Nigeria been functioning?
Since 1970
Since 1999
Since 2010
Since 1960
128
A major goal of both the EU and NAFTA is the establishment of
A free trade system
A regional parliament
Common agricultural regulations
A common currency
129
Why did the U.K. establish a separate supreme court?
To create a federal system of government
To meet EU requirements to provide an independent judiciary
To comply with NATO requirements
To improve transparency within the judicial system
130
The political party most associated with Vladimir Putin is (the)
Yabloko
Liberal Democratic Party
Communist Party
United Russia
131
Which of the following have veto power over legislation passed by the Majlis?
The Assembly of Religious Experts and Expediency Council
The Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader
The president and the Supreme Leader
The Guardian Council and the president
132
In comparison to the party system in Russia, the party system in Mexico is
More competitive
More fluid, more likely based on individuals than ideology
Less supportive of women candidates
Weaker and more fluid
133
A market economy differs from a command economy in that a market economy
Relies on the profit motive & competition
Has production goals set by the central government
Guarantees high levels of employment
Controls wages & prices
134
In Mexico, the election of 2000 was notable mainly because it reflected the fact that
The military had lost control of the political system
The economy was becoming less stable
A multi-party system was replacing a one-party system
It produced more violence than previous elections had
135
From 1980-1988, more than 500,000 Iranians were killed when _______ invaded Iran
The United States
Saudi Arabia
Ayatollah Khomeini
Saddam Hussein
136
The goal of the Great Proletarian Revolution was
Political "purification"
Collectivization
Assimiliation
Privatization
137
The maquiladora district produces goods primarily for
The people of southern Mexico
Consumers in the United States
People in Mexico City and surrounding areas
Upper class Mexicans who live in the North
138
Which of the following reflects the degree of democracy in a system?
The level of political legitimacy afforded the regime
The level of income inequality
Whether elections are held and freely contested
The number of people who vote
139
What government policies are designed to deal with cleavages based on nationality in the U.K.?
Devolution
Exclusion
Patronage
Isolationism
140
The founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, Kuomintang
Sun Yat Sen
Chiang Kai Shek
Sun Tzu
Mao Zedong
141
Russia, Mexico, Iran, and Nigeria all have
Directly elected presidents
Unitary systems of government
A free press
Long histories of military rule
142
In 1997, the U.K. ceded what territory to China after the end of a 100-year lease?
Hong Kong
Taiwan
Macau
Shanghai
143
This effort to speed up China's development and catch up economically led to massive famine
The Iron Rice Bowl
The Great Proletarian Revolution
SEZs
The Great Leap Forward
144
In traditional China before the 20th century, an important source of political legitimacy was
Democratic centralism
Confucian philosophy
The mass line
Collectivism
145
Which of the following best describes energy policy in an AP Comp country?
Nigerian oil revenues are distributed equally to citizens
Mexico exports most of its oil to the United States
China produces enough oil to be self-sufficient
Iran no longer relies heavily on oil to fund its economy
146
A unitary system is best defined as having
Checks and balances
Separation of powers
A division of power between regional and national government
A centralized geographic center of authority
147
Protections that governments provide for ethnic, religious, gender, or minority groups
Civil rights
Civil liberties
Political culture
Civil society
148
How has the European Union affected its member countries?
An increase in military power
Less trade between European neighbors
Greater unemployment
A reduction in sovereignty
149
The majority ethnic group in China is
Tibetan
Han
Uyghur
Mongol
150
What is "collectivization"?
The creation of Special Economic Zones
Privatization of most sectors of the economy
Elimination of most private property
The shift from communism to capitalism
151
Which of the following was encouraged under Deng Xiaoping?
Private enterprise
Command economics
The Great Leap Forward
Collectivism
152
The area of the E.U. where nations have eliminated passport restrictions & border controls is
The EEC
The Maastricht Area
The FIFA Zone
The Schengen Area
153
The total value of goods and services produced within a given country
HDI
GDP
Per capita GDP
GNP
154
Which of the following best describes the Nigerian population
Ethnically diverse but monolingual
Ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse
Well-educated
Dominated by Christians
155
Which of the following enjoys the most political legitimacy?
Russia
The United Kingdom
Iran
China
156
The main purpose of the IFE (Instituto Federal Electoral) is to
Discourage election monitoring by opposition parties
Assure honest and accurate election results
Encourage media coverage of elections
Register citizens to vote
157
China's role in global politics has
Grown as its economic power has grown
Declined as China concentrated on domestic economic growth
Grown as its ability to extend its military power has grown
Been based on spreading civil liberties and human rights
158
Economic policies establishing protective tariffs, subsidies for domestic industry
Mixed market economies
Economic liberalization
Structural adjustment policies
Import substitution policies
159
Where does the UK rank out of the 6 AP Comp countries in terms of the GINI index?
1st
3rd
6th
4th
160
Mexico's high gini coefficient indicates the existence of a high degree of
Economic inequality
Economic dependency
Literacy
Political freedom
161
All of the following are true about the president of Iran except
Is the head of government
Acts as head of the armed forces
Must be elected by majority vote
May not serve more than 2 consecutive terms
162
One important change in China in the post-Mao era has been the
Legalizing meaningful competition among political parties
Elimination of private enterprise
Encouraging more foreign investment in the national economy
Banning of military participation in official policy-making
163
Which of the following sets have federal systems of government?
Mexico, Russia, and China
Nigeria, Russia, and Mexico
Iran, Great Britain, and Nigeria
Great Britain, Russia, and Mexico
164
Which is an accurate comparison of the Chinese Communist Party and the PRI in Mexico?
Both have formed one-party systems in their countries
Neither dominate their nations' legislatures today
Both have been part of a multi-party system
Neither controls the executive branch
165
Which of the following best describes global trends in domestic policies?
There are more democracies than a decade ago
More countries are choosing to return to monarchies
There are more states turning to authoritarian leadership
There are more communist regimes since the late 1990s
166
Which government programs in 20th century China were most inspired by the Soviet Union?
Deng Xiaoping Theory
Great Leap Forward
Five Year Plans
Cultural Revolution
167
Methods for identifying, training, & selecting those who will serve in government
Political culture
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Dependency theory
168
Which of the following best describes the role of civil society groups in Nigeria?
Civil society groups are controlled by a corporatist system
Independent groups are not allowed
There are many, and they have a great deal of influence
They are small and relatively weak
169
The political party most associated with Vladimir Zhirinovsky is (the)
Communist Party
United Russia
Liberal Democratic Party
Yabloko
170
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Hassan Rouhani
Mohammad Mossadeq
The Shah
Ayatollah Khomeini
171
A federal system is best defined as having
Separation of powers
A centralized source of government authority
A division of power between regional and national government
Checks and balances
172
All of the following statements about the National People's Congress are true except
Representation is chosen on a geographical basis
It is a significant policy-making institution
It represents people from all levels of society
Minority groups are guaranteed some representation
173
An illiberal democracy is defined as
Country experiencing high levels of economic growth
Nation claims to be democratic, but doesn't allow elections
Gov't hold elections, but restricts civil rights/liberties
A country that lacks free trade
174
Methods by which someone is influenced in developing their views about government/politics
Dependency theory
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Civil society
175
Which of the following pairs of countries are unitary states?
Britain and Russia
Russia and China
Mexico and Iran
Iran and China
176
A measure of a country's standard of living, including health and education
Gini index
GDP
HDI
GDP adjusted for PPP
177
The main check on the executive branch that the '93 Constitution gives the Duma is the power to
Send exec. acts to Constitutional Court for judicial review
Reject the appointment of the PM
Appoint the PM and Cabinet
Issue decrees that have the force of law
178
Which of the following has been the most contentious issues between Mexico & the U.S. lately?
Acts of terrorism
Immigration
Trade relations
Global warming
179
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mossadeq
Hassan Rouhani
The Shah
180
System where agricultural production decisions are made by individual farmers based on profit
Household responsibility system
Guanxi
Collectivism
Fang shou
181
Since 1978, the Chinese government has generally supported a move towards a trade policy of
Closed borders
Mercantilism
Protectionism
Free trade
182
In Iran, the head of the judiciary is
Appointed by the president, affirmed by Guardian Council
Appointed by the Supreme Leader
Chosen by majority vote in the Assembly of Religious Experts
Appointed by the Guardian Council
183
In contrast to the UK, Mexico's political history is more often characterized by
Multi-national conflicts
Gradualism and tradition
Social class differences
Instability and legitimacy issues
184
In 1979, the vast majority of Iranians supported...
Replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic
A secular constitution
Joining the United Nations
Replacing the Ayatollah with the Shah
185
For which of the following are women eligible in Iran?
Majlis
Guardian Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
Expediency Council
186
In 2016, Putin altered the electoral process for the Duma; in what way?
Allowing only members of his party to be seated in the Duma
Change from proportional rep. ⇒ part proportional, part FPTP
Change to all FPTP, based on SMDs
Change to all proportional representation
187
All of the following were components of the "White Revolution" except
Land reform for peasants
Increased emphasis on Islamic principles
Expansion of educational opportunities
Infrastructure development
188
The ability of citizens to know what government officials are doing and how money is spent
Liberal democracy
Political culture
Transparency
Civil society
189
Which of the following is someone in the southern part of Mexico most likely to support?
The PRD
The PAN
The PRI
The PRC
190
The history, values, beliefs, and traditions that influence political behaviors
Political recruitment
Political socialization
Political culture
The nation-state
191
A person of Spanish and American Indian descent is
Mexicano
Mestizo
Amerindian
Spaniard
192
Iran became a rentier state under the Pahlavis when most of its income came from
International loans
Renting its industrial factories to foreign nations
Selling oil to its citizens
Exporting oil and leasing oil fields to foreign countries
193
One function of the Expediency Council in Iran is to
Serve as advisers to the Supreme Leader
Serve as a sort of "upper house" of the legislature
Serve as the highest court for religious issues
Serve as the president's Cabinet
194
Process by which a policy issue or constitutional amendment is sent to the voters for approval
Referendum
Democratization
Cooptation
Liberal democracy
195
According to the Russian Constitution, the president has what power over the legis. branch?
He can dissolve the Duma
He can change the # of representatives for a region
He can appoint representatives to the Duma
He can declare Duma elections void
196
People in the United Kingdom tend to vote based on all of the following except
Union membership
Geographic location
Religion
Party identification
197
"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter, as long as it catches mice," is associated with
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution
The mandate of heaven
Maoism
Deng Xiaoping Theory
198
Collective farms, Five-Year plans, and the Gosplan were all established by
Nikita Khrushchev
Mikhail Gorbachev
Joseph Stalin
Vladimir Lenin
199
In recent years, all of the following reforms have been instituted in China except
Creation of an independent judiciary
Creation of special economic zones
Mandatory retirement ages for most national leaders
Competitive village elections
200
Nigeria's democratization process is best described as
Successful effort to dismantle the prebendalist system
A rejection of patrimonial rule
A smooth transition from colonial to self-rule
A process frequently interrupted by military intervention
201
What did the 20th century revolutions in China, Russia, and Mexico have in common?
They were all based on Marxist ideology
They all brought a quick end to violence
They all resulted in a one-party state
They all sought to overthrow weak governments
202
Which of the following is true of a coalition government?
It systematically excludes minority voices from government
Tends to result from fragmented legislature, can be unstable
Is an ideal of a majoritarian democracy
Tends to result from first-past-the post voting system
203
A "hybrid regime" is one that
Mixes capitalism and socialism
Is in danger of political or economic collapse
Has a mid-range comparative per capita PPP
Has characteristics of both authoritarianism and democracy
204
Iran is a hybrid of
Neo-liberalism and free-market capitalism
Monarchy and democracy
Theocracy and democracy
Theocracy and feudalism
205
What is the conviction rate in the Chinese criminal justice system?
5%
99%
75%
67%
206
Where/when do lobbyists most likely begin to try influencing public policy in the U.K.?
Lobbying the monarch
Lobbying Cabinet members before legislation introduced
Lobbying the Prime Minister directly
Lobbying minority leadership
207
Trade barriers or restrictions on financial transactions imposed on a country are called
Structural adjustment policies
Sanctions
Tariffs
Parastatals
208
Pride on one's people, and the belief that they have their own unique political destiny
Civil society
Nation
Coinciding cleavage
Nationalism
209
Who sought to reduce the semi-absolute rule of the Shah to make Iran a full democracy?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mossadeq
Hassan Rouhani
Reza Khan
210
Both Mexico and the United Kingdom belong to
NAFTA
The European Union
The World Trade Organization
NATO
211
Who is the current president of China?
Hu Jintao
Mao Zedong
Xi Jinping
Jiang Zemin
212
The overthrow and replacement of a regime based upon broad popular support
Grassroots movements
Devolution
Revolution
Coup
213
The process of expanding the interconnectedness among states, societies, and economies
Globalization
Dependency theory
Structural adjustment
Economic liberalization
214
Which of the following had a major role in regime change in Nigeria from 1960-1999?
Famine
Military coups
HIV epidemic
Terrorist actions
215
All of the following are responsibilities of the Majlis except
Passing legislation
Debating legislation
Approval of the budget
Approval of the Supreme Leader
216
Which of the following makes Iran a "rentier state"?
Its authoritarian leadership
Its export of oil to foreign nations leasing its oil lands
Its underdeveloped infrastructure
Its status as a Shi'a nation
217
Timing of UK elections are generally determined by which of the following?
The PM can call elections any time in a 5-year period
A non-partisan electoral commission sets the dates
Elections are set by law, except in specific circumstances
Citizens decide in a referendum
218
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the CCP and public policy issues?
CCP encourages couples to have several children
CCP is responsive to the needs of ethnic minorities
CCP leadership is elected in open elections
CCP has ignored environmental issues to focus on the economy
219
Which of the following were characteristics of the "Great Leap Forward"?
Destruction of the "4 Olds"
Backyard blast furnaces
A campaign to destroy the "4 pests"
Attacks on intellectuals
220
The UK is organized as a
Unitary system with devolution/some federal features
Hybrid system
Federal system similar to the U.S.
Authoritarian unitary system
221
The fundamental norms & rules established by administrations in a state over time
Political ideology
Civil society
Rentier state
Regime
222
The Supreme Council of Virtual Space in Iran restricts
Permits for political rallies
Access to the black market
Access to television
The internet
223
Which of the following is/are the best indicator(s) of a successful transition to democracy?
Electoral competition, citizen participation, rule of law
One political party dominates
Several political parties merge to form one centrist party
Judges defer to elected officials on constitutional issues
224
One similarity between today's Russian Duma and China's National People's Congress is that both
Taken a lead role in environmental issues
Play a significant role in policy making
Banned women from becoming representatives
Been dominated by a single political party
225
The United Kingdom holds elections every
10 years
6 years
3 years
5 years
226
Like Iran, an important source of legitimacy in Nigeria's northern region has been
The constitution
Family traditions
Shari'a
Revolutionary ideals
227
The stated goal of the Communist party of Russia was
Equality of output
Equality among Communist party members
Equality of results
Equality of opportunity
228
What is a nomenklatura?
A list of those who have served in the government
A list of dissidents among the citizenry
A list of important positions & people to fill them
A list of the wealthiest people in a state
229
Which of the following do Nigeria and China have in common
A significant degree of corruption
A majority in both countries are Muslim
Both countries have a vibrant and free media
A majority in both countries are Christian
230
Unlike the Russian and Chinese revolutions, Iran's 1979 Revolution was based on
Military strength
Ideology
Authoritarian motives
Religion
231
A major reason the CCP, government executives, & legislatures are parallel systems is that
The structure keeps the CCP intimately involved in governing
More Party & government jobs help reduce unemployment
The Constitution requires it
Government leaders & legislators are better educated
232
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Maoism?
Collectivism
Struggle & activism
Egalitarianism
Individualism
233
A significant difference between the Yeltsin & Putin administrations, domestically, is
More decrees under Y, less under P
Extensive media freedom under Y, less under P
Peaceful relations w/ Chechnya under Y, violent under P
Centrally planned economy under Y, free market under P
234
Unlike the president of Mexico, the president of Russia has the power to
Rule by decree
Appoint cabinet members
Appoint court judges
Dissolve the upper house of the legislature
235
Which of the following best describes Mexico's PAN prior to presidential victory in 2000?
Avoided electoral politics
Won several gubernatorial elections in northern Mexico
Sought a national alliance with the PRD
Focused efforts on growing support among ethnic natives
236
When did Nigeria achieve its independence?
1860
1960
1970
1999
237
One of the primary functions of Russia's Constitutional Court is to
Amend the Constitution
Oversee the impeachment process
Validate election results
Exercise judicial review
238
The current prime minister of Russia is
Mikhael Khodorkovsky
Dmitry Medvedev
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Putin
239
Which of the following social groups is most likely to protest in China?
Farmers in rural areas
Members of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)
Urban intellectuals
Middle-class entrepreneurs
240
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Conservative Party?
It favors privatization
It is center-right
It favors reduced government spending
It strongly supports social welfare programs
241
Which of the following tribal groups in Nigeria are Muslim?
Igbo
Hausa
Ijaw
Yoruba
242
China and the Soviet Union both conduct(ed) elite recruitment through
Nomenklatura
Direct popular elections
Five year plans
The hukuo system
243
The primary purpose of the 1929 agreement to impose the sexeňo was to
Bring stability through "passing power through the leaders"
Keep the leader of the PRI from becoming a dictator
Encourage development of a multi-party system
Provide support for the new constitution
244
Which of the following countries is more developed in the north than in the south?
Mexico
China
Nigeria
Russia
245
The European Council is made up of
Parliament members
Ministers of State
Heads of State
Specially elected representatives from individual countries
246
In the 1980s, both Mexico and China experienced significant
Regime changes
Liberalization of the political system
Political revolutions
Privatization of the economy
247
The electoral system in the U.K. tends to
Set parliamentary seat allocation as a percentage of votes
Typically result in minority or coalition governments
Exaggerate the scale of victory of the largest party
Favor regional parties over national parties
248
Which of the following Mexican presidents ran as PRI candidates?
Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Lazaro Cárdenas
Vicente Fox and Ernesto Zedillo
Vicente Fox and Enrique Peňa Nieto
Ernesto Zedillo and Enrique Peňa Nieto
249
During the 1980s, both China and Great Britain did which of the following?
Heightened authoritarian rule
Imposed stricter punishment for political dissidents
Encouraged environmental movements
Promoted free markets and private profit incentives
250
A potential problem associated with using GNP when doing comparative research is
It includes value of goods produced outside the country
There is no uniform measure of GNP across countries
It only counts market value of final goods & services
It tells us nothing about economic or human conditions
251
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
The Shah
Mohammad Mossadeq
Hassan Rouhani
252
In China, Mexico, and Nigeria, patron-clientalism has almost always been accompanied by
Coalition governments
Fragmentation of government
Religious conflict
Corruption
253
Today, the primary ethnic cleavage in Mexico is between
Mestizos and Amerindians
Europeans and Amerindians
Spanish and natives
Europeans and mestizos
254
The social cleavage that most influenced the organization of Russia into the "federation" was
Rural/urban differences
Religion
Social class
Nationality
255
To political scientists, a "nation" means
A group of people living in one country
A group of people who share a common identity
A group of people ruled by one leader
A group of people living in a certain geographic area
256
A form of government where politics and religion are intertwined
Authoritarianism
Illiberal democracy
Theocracy
Marxism
257
Which of the following is true of the Mexican Constitution?
It eliminates quotas for female legislators
It establishes autonomous regions for native peoples
It declares all subsoil rights are property of the nation
It provides for broad involvement from the Catholic Church
258
The AP Comp nation with the highest Gini coefficient
Iran
Nigeria
The United Kingdom
Mexico
259
The President of China is formally selected by?
Election by the National People's Congress
Appointment by the CCP
Direct election
Vote of the Politburo
260
This group represents the factory workers of Iran and their concerns
OPEC
Foundation for the Oppressed and Disabled
Workers' House
Bonyads
261
In Mexico, mestizos are generally
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the north
More educated, less wealthy, and predominate in the north
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the south
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in central regions
262
Can the U.K. Supreme Court declare a law unconstitutional?
Yes
Yes, but only in cases approved by the Prime Minister
Yes, but only in cases involving EU human rights issues
No
263
Economy with little government control, where wages & prices are determined by supply & demand
Economic liberalization
Command economy
Communism
Market economy
264
The Russian political system established by the Constitution of 1993 is best described as
A parliamentary system
A parliamentary-presidential system
A confederal system
A unitary system
265
A state that gains a significant portion of its revenue by leasing resources to foreign nations
Corporatism
Cooptation
Rentier state
Command economy
266
The Pendulum Effect best describes Mexican government between
1870 and 1910
1970s through the 1990s
1910 and 1934
1934 through the 1970s
267
In which countries is the media controlled or heavily regulated by the state?
Iran, Russia, Mexico
China, Iran, Nigeria
China, Iran, Nigeria
Russia, China, Iran
268
This Kuomintang leader fled to Taiwan (o.k., Ethan, "Chinese Taipei")
Chiang Kai-shek
Sun Yat-sen
Mao Zedong
Jiang Zemin
269
People of which of the following faiths do not have reserved seats in the Majlis?
Christianity
Baha'i
Judaism
Zoroastrianism
270
A movement driven by the politics of ordinary citizens
Coup
Devolution
Democratization
Grassroots movement
271
Which of the following is the biggest source of Iranian distrust of the U.S.?
The 1953 coup supported by the CIA
The Iran-Iraq war
The 1979 revolution supported by the CIA
Its financial support of the Khomeini regime
272
Which British PM promoted the concept of a "third way"?
Tony Blair
Margaret Thatcher
Gordon Brown
David Cameron
273
Groups and organizations that connect government to its citizens
Grassroots movements
NGOs
Linkage institutions
Coinciding cleavage
274
The organization of the Russian Federation into some "autonomous regions" is based mostly on
Economic differences
Ethnicity
Social class
Religion
275
Which is the best explanation for why civil society struggled under Ahmadinejad's presidency?
Internet activism
Increased economic well-being
Political suppression and tight security controls
Iranian disinterest in politics
276
System with political competition, economic freedom, civil rights & liberties, & transparency
Illiberal/procedural democracy
Authoritarian state
Rentier state
Liberal/substantive democracy
277
Russia's president may serve
Two successive 4-year terms
Indefinitely
Two successive 6-year terms
Two successive 6-year terms, may "repeat"
278
Which AP Comp nations use first-past-the-post in at least some of their elections?
The U.K., Russia, China, & Mexico
The U.K., Russia, China, & Nigeria
The United Kingdom only
The U.K., Russia, Mexico, Nigeria, & Iran
279
Historically, compared to government bureaucrats in Mexico, government bureaucrats in the UK
Are less likely to stay in their jobs under a new Cabinet
Had much more discretionary power
Are generally more corrupt
Must bow to the will of Cabinet members
280
Which of the following two tribal groups are predominantly Muslim?
Yoruba
Hausa
Igbo
Fulani
281
Which of the following ensures laws are compatible with Islam & serves as an "upper house"?
The Expediency Council
The Guardian Council
The Assembly of Experts
The Council of Ministers
282
A state where the government provides for people's basic needs, like medical care & pensions
Communism
A market economy
A welfare state
Post-materialist
283
Which of the following countries are considered rentier states?
China and Russia
Nigeria and Russia
Iran and Nigeria
China and Iran
284
This is a system with both democratic and authoritarian elements
A mixed-market economy
A substantive democracy
An underdeveloped country
A hybrid regime
285
In contrast to most "western" nations, Russia has a stronger tradition of
Authoritarian leadership
Separation of church and state
Civil society
Individualism
286
Where is shari'a law practiced?
Iran only
Iran Nigeria, and parts of China
Iran, and parts of Nigeria and Russia
Iran and parts of Nigeria
287
Protections individuals have against government action
Civil rights
Civil liberties
Political culture
Civil society
288
Which of the following most directly caused the Islamic Revolution in Iran?
Rejection of the Shah's pro-western policies
Lack of modernization
Urban/rural clashes
Isolationist policies
289
Which of the following is evidence that Nigeria is organized as a federal system?
The regime has a constitution
Its presidential system
The existence of shari'a courts in the north
The heavy dependence on oil revenues
290
How are candidates chosen for elections in Nigeria?
They are nominated by political parties
They are approved by the president
They are nominated by the people
They are nominated by the military