Human Physiology 2 Body System Renal Compilation Quiz

What pumps NA+ out to keep the {Na+} inside the cell low?

Where are the majority of nephrons (80%) located in the kidney?

Presence of protein in the urine can indicate damage to the filtration barrier. This is called?

Which of the following is one of the limitations of carrier-mediated transport?

The average number of nephrons in a human kidney is 5,000,000

In GFR, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole will reduce blood flow ____? the kidney

ECF volume is controlled by regulation 1.____ ECF osmolarity is controlled by regulation 2.____

Most body water is located in?

What is the path for filtered fluid through the tubular system? (LOH= Loop of Henle)

Filtration happens exclusively in the ____?

The ascending limb (LOH) is 1.____ to water but actively transports ions 2.____ of the tubule

Descending part of LOH is 1___ to water. Filtrate passes through it becomes 2____ concentrated.

In comparison to other capillary beds glomerular capillaries are important because?

Approximately ….....? of filtered fluid is reabsorbed in proximal tubule

What would happen to if you had a decrease in osmolarity and increase in ECF volume?

Which of the following is not one of the import reasons for autoregulation of GFR?

Na+/K+-ATPase pumps 1.___ out of the epithelial cells also pumps 2.___ into epithelial cells.

Tubular secretion is the selective transfer of?

If there was a decrease in blood pressure the RAS system would trigger a release of renin from?

In primary active transport, the energy comes directly from where?

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical pathway for the regulation of?

Are the synthesis of certain hormones one on the functions of the kidneys?

Micturition is a spinally-mediated reflex that is controlled both consciously and unconsciously

Regarding basal Lamina which of the following statements is false?

Which of following is correct regarding passive transport in tubular reabsorption?

GFR is define as the 1____ of fluid that is filtered at the 2____ per unit time.

Vasopressin is produced in the 1.____ and stored in the 2._____

After the filtered fluid leaves the bowman's capsule it then flows into the?

Which are the 3 main systems the body uses to maintain pH homeostasis?

The majority of renal blood flow regulation occurs at the ____? arteriole

Which of the following is not one of the basic renal processes?

Which is not one of the barriers that substances must pass through for kidney filtration?

During acidosis, intercalated cells 1.____ H+ and 2.____ HCO3

What is the path of blood flow in the kidneys? (AA=Afferent arteriole; EA= efferent arteriole)

The glomerulus is surrounded by?

Internal sphincters are made of smooth muscle and are?

What drives water reabsorption in the proximal tubule across the epithelial layer?

The peritubular capillaries surround the tubule and are where 1____? and 2____? occur

Approximately ….....? of the renal plasma flow is filtered into Bowman’s capsule

In the kidney, the concentration gradient of Na+ is often used to transport what substances?

In Tubular secretion; K+ can diffuse into the lumen via 1.___ channels on the 2.____ membrane

The stimuli for ANP (Atrial natriuretic peptide) release is caused by?

How would the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

Which of the following is not one of the main functions of kidneys

Tubuloglomerular Feedback involves?

When there is an increase stretch in the bladder, what causes contraction of the smooth muscle?

Regarding glomerular capillary endothelium which of the following statements is false?

What creates a gradient for secondary active transport which moves dicarboxylates into the cell

Which hormone increases the permeability of the collecting duct?

Ventilation regulates pH by controlling the rate of?

Which osmotic gradient allows urine more concentrated than the isoosmotic body fluids?

After leaving the efferent arterioles, bloods passes into a second capillary bed called the?

Hypokalaemia is?

When dicarboxylates become concentrated inside the cell, this creates a gradient for?

Under chemical buffers the _____ buffer system is important for buffering changes in body pH

Organic anions are mainly secreted into the?

Where in the nephron does kidney filtration occur?

Basic renal process- reabsorption is the 1__ movement and tubular secretion is the 2__ transfer

If a substance is filtered and reabsorbed but not secreted, Which is true?

In hyperventilation, P_CO2 decreases also 1.____ H+ production creating an 2.____ state.

The Loop of Henle plays an important part in?

External sphincters are made of skeletal muscle and are controlled by ____ and stays contracted

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the?

Which of the following is not a factor that would affect GFR?

Which of the following is not one of the forces that drives filtration?

Which of following is correct regarding active transport in tubular reabsorption?

Secondary active transport uses the 1____ energy from the 2____ gradient of another molecule

Plasma clearance is defined as the 1.____ of plasma that is completely 2.____ of a substance

In micturition, apart from spinal reflexes what else modulates skeletal muscle?

In secondary active transport Glucose enters the cell via _______?

Prolonged hypoventilation could cause which of the following?

Organic anion transporter secrete a range of 1.____ and 2.____ organic anions.

The kidneys receive ______? of cardiac output at rest

What would happen to if you had an increase in osmolarity and a increase in ECF volume?

After transportation glucose then diffuses out of the cell across the 1___ membrane via a 2____

Where in the kidneys is HCO₃- mainly reabsorbed in the kidneys?

The ends of proximal tubule become more concentrated creating a 1_____ for the 2____ of urea

Vasopressin secretion is stimulated by?

In the basic renal process reabsorption occurs from the tubular lumen back into the _____?

Active regulation of acid-base balance occurs in the?

What are the key steps of in the reabsorption movement of NA+ in the tubule?

How will drinking water after sweat loss affect ECF volume and osmolarity?

Maintaining normal cell volume depends on the regulation of?

Secretion of K+ is regulated by the adrenal hormone

GFR regulation, the afferent and efferent arterioles are both vessels that can be __? regulated

Tubular secretion is the transfer of substances from the peritubular capillaries to the ____?

Outside of local mechanisms for regulating GFR, renal arterioles are innervated by ___? neurons

What would happen to if you had a no change in osmolarity and a decrease in ECF volume?

Which of the following is true in regards to aldosterone?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of autoregulatory myogenic response?

Aldosterone release can be triggered by?

In the kidney, which one of these fluids has the highest osmolarity

Regarding Podocytes which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following are the 2 acid-base disturbances?

Reabsorption can be either 1___ (between cells) or 2___ (across cells)

Before you start seeing adverse effects _____? of renal capacity would need to occur

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is produced where?

The juxtamedullary nephrons, which have 1____ loops that extend into the 2____

In the proximal tubule, Na+ is important for 1____ for of substance such as 2____

In carrier-mediated transport the plasma concentration at which saturation occurs is the?

Sodium is a 1____ charged ion. This sets up a gradient for 2____ charged ions such as 3____

When saturation occurs the rate of transport cannot increase any further. This is known as the?

Saturation occurs when all available 1._____ are fully occupied by 2._____

Which of the following is a cause of respiratory disturbance that effect pH?

Which of the following are the main factors in regulation GFR?

In regulation, the kidneys can control pH by adjusting either the excretion of

Net filtration is glomerular capillary pressure, plasma osmotic pressure and Blood pressure?

How does the body respond to salt ingestion?

ECF volume is important for 1_____. ECF osmolarity is important for preventing 2_____

Where are the receptors that vasopressin reacts to?

Blood enters the kidneys via the renal ____?

Vasopressin secretion is suppressed by?

Carrier-mediated transport are unsaturable because any filtered fluid gets reabsorbed.