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Chemistry Midterm
Chemistry Midterm
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#grade_10 #chemistry
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1
which of the following was a major contribution to chemistry by antoine lavoisier
he showed that oxygen is required for material to burn
he encouraged scientist to form explanations based on philosophical argumen
he developed the science of alchemy
he demonstrated the presence of phlogiston in air
2
what is a homogenous mixture
composition of matter stays the same, ex. sugar water
a mixture that is not uniform in composition, ex. vegetable soup
3
which statement best describes the law of conservation of mass
mass can only be created, not destroyed
the mass of an object on the moon is equal to the mass of it on earth
the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants
evidence of a chemical reaction is a change in mass
4
where are the subatomic particles located
proton: energy levels, neutron: nucleus, electron: nucleus
proton: nucleus, neutron: nucleus, electron: nucleus
proton: energy levels, neutron: nucleus, electron: energy levels
proton: nucleus, neutron: nucleus, electron: energy levels
5
what happens to the energy of electrons as it moves closer to the nucleus
energy stays the same
energy is higher
energy is lower
6
ex. of organic chem.
how energy is produced
amount of breaths taken in a lifetime
how enzymes catalyze reactions
using the correct metals to make new coins
7
how many orbitals are in the S sublevel
7
5
3
1
8
4Fe+ 3O(2) --> 2Fe(2)O(3), product:
2Fe(2)
2Fe(2)O(3)
O(3)
4Fe+ 3O(2)
9
what's the difference between a scientific law and theory
a theory is used to help form mental pictures, a law applies to many system
a law is used to help form mental pictures, a theory applies to many system
10
define matter
any substance that takes up space
any substance that has mass and takes up space
11
copper has 2 naturally occurring isotopes Cu-63 and Cu-65. the atomic mass of copper is 63.55. which is more abundant?
Cu-63
Cu-65
12
how did jj thompson improve daltons ideas
made democritus' idea into a theory
discovered electrons
found the existence of atoms
discovered electrons move around nucleus at fixed distances
13
what is a metal
gases, weak, poor conductors, noble gases, ex. carbon
shares properties with metals and non-metals, staircase, ex. boron
good conductors, ductile, malleable, smooth, groups 3-12, ex. lithium
14
what is a theory
a statement that summarizes the results of experiments
a well tested explanation for a broad set of observations
15
branches of chemistry; organic chem.
the study of what makes up matter
the study of chemical processes in living organisms
the study of compounds, with carbon-carbon bonds
the study of non-carbon compounds, excluding carbon dioxide
16
branches of chemistry; analytical chem.
the study of chemical processes in living organisms
the study of compounds, with carbon-carbon bonds
the study of non-carbon compounds, excluding carbon dioxide
the study of what makes up matter
17
molten iron metal has a(n) _______ volume and a(n) _______ shape
indefinite; indefinite
definite; indefinite
indefinite; definite
definite; definite
18
define chemistry
chemistry is the study of life
chemistry is the study of microorganisms
chemistry is the study of the composition of matter
chemistry is the study of the composition of mass
19
how many sub levels are in the first sub level
1 (p)
1 (s)
2 (p, d)
2 (s, p)
20
how do vapors and and gases differ
the terms gas and vapor are always used interchangeably
a gas is in the gaseous state at room temp and a vapor is in solid state
a gas is in the liquid state at room temp and a vapor is in solid state
a gas is in the solid state at room temp and a vapor is in gaseous state
21
list the steps of the scientific method in order
observe, questions, research, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, report
question, research, observe, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, report
hypothesis, experiment, observe, question, research, report, conclusion
observe, research, hypothesis, question, experiment, conclusion, report
22
how many sub levels are in the second sublevel
3 (s, p, d)
2 (s, p)
2 (p, d)
1 (s)
23
where are the electrons in bohrs model of the atom
the electrons are surrounding the nucleus in random order
the electrons are placed at fixed energy levels around the nucleus
the electrons are mixed in with the protons and neutrons like a pudding
24
how many sub levels are in the third sublevel
2 (s, p)
1 (p)
1 (d)
3 (s, p, d)
25
element in the same group as sodium
potassium
magnesium
iron
26
what is a heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that is not uniform in composition, ex. vegetable soup
composition of matter stays the same, ex. sugar water
27
which of the following is NOT true of atoms
they make up elements
they can combine with other atoms
they are composed of molecules
they are extremely small
28
what are quanta of lights called
electrons
protons
photons
neutrons
29
what is a compound
a physical blend of at least 2 substances
describes any part of a sample with uniform composition of properties
a composition with only one uniform component
30
what is a scientific law
a well tested explanation for a broad set of observations
a statement that summarizes the results of experiments
31
what is one difference between a mixture and a compound
a compound consists of more than one phase
a compound can only be separated into its components by chemical means
a mixture can only be separated into its components by chemical means
a mixture must be uniform in composition
32
what is a chemical property
ability for a substance to under go a chemical change
characteristic of material is changes without the change of chem. identity
33
what is a chemical reaction
causes a chemical change
matter changes forms but not chemical identity
34
what happens to the energy of electrons as it moves further away from the nucleus
energy is higher
energy stays the same
energy is lower
35
in which stage do the particles move the slowest
plasma
gas
liquid
solid
36
if the hypothesis is rejected (proven wrong) by the experiment, then
the experiment was poorly designed
the experiment may have been a success
the experiment follows the scientific method
the experiment was a failure
37
if you describe methane as a gas that easily catches fire, you are describing a
physical property
chemical formula
state of matter
chemical property
38
a scientific law is
a tentative explanation for phenomenon
an observation that remains constant
a description of a consistent pattern in observations
a theory that has been proven
39
element in the same group as boron
arsenic
nitrogen
silicon
aluminum
40
element in the same group as oxygen
calcium
sulfur
lithium
helium
41
what greek philosopher was the first person to propose the idea that matter is made of tiny particles called atoms
bohr
dalton
thomson
democritus
42
what is intensive property of matter
depends on amount of matter being measured, ex. mass
does not depend on the amount of the substance present, ex. density
43
when a substance freezes, it _______ energy
transfers
stays the same
gains
loses
44
after rain, a puddle of water remains on the sidewalk. after sunshine, the puddle is gone. which process caused this
condensation
evaporation
precipitation
transpiration
45
what does the 16 mean in Oxygen- 16
atomic number
mass number
number of electrons
number of neutrons
46
who first suggested the idea of the atom
thompson
democritus
dalton
rutherford
47
how many orbitals are in the D sublevel
5
3
1
7
48
what is the aufbau principle
in a sublevel, every orbital is filled with one electron first
an atomic orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons
electrons first fill the orbitals of the lowest energy
49
which of the following best describes an example of pure chemistry
testing the effects of lower concentrations of a drug on humans
developing a cure for osteoporosis
finding an antidote for a new strain of virus
studying chemicals containing carbon
50
which element is most electronegative
cs (cesium)
f (fluorine)
b (boron)
li (lithium)
51
experimental evidence indicates that the nucleus of an atom
contains a small percentage of the mass of the atom
has a negative charge
contains most of the mass of the atom
has no charge
52
when is a quanta of light produced
when an electron orbits the nucleus
when an electron creates an ionic or covalent bond
when an electron jumps to a higher energy level
when an electron is slowly returning to its energy level
53
what is a physical property
ability for a substance to under go a chemical change
characteristic of material is changes without the change of chem. identity
54
what is a physical reaction
causes a chemical change
matter changes forms but not chemical identity
55
what particles make up an atom
nucleus, rings, electrons
nucleus, energy level, valence electrons
proton, nucleus, electron
proton, neutron, electron
56
ex. of physical chem.
how enzymes catalyze reactions
using the correct metals to make new coins
drug blood test
amount of breaths taken in a lifetime
57
donna is completing an experiment to find the effect of the concentration of ammonia on rate (or speed) of the reaction.
independent: time, dependent: concentration of ammonia
independent: concentration of ammonia, dependent: time
58
ex. of inorganic chem.
how enzymes catalyze reactions
how energy is produced
amount of breaths taken in a lifetime
drug blood test
59
what is a phase
a composition with only one uniform component
a physical blend of at least 2 substances
describes any part of a sample with uniform composition of properties
60
what is applied chem.
modifying an existing substance or creating a substance that interacts
just about reactions of 2 pure substances
61
ex. of a physical change
oil + water
burning food
flour + sugar
mixing vinegar and baking soda
62
what is extensive property of matter
does not depend on the amount of the substance present, ex. density
depends on amount of matter being measured, ex. mass
63
a theory is a
proposed explanation for an observation
summary of the results of many observations
procedure used to test a proposed explanation
well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations
64
what is a non-metal
gases, weak, poor conductors, noble gases, ex. carbon
shares properties with metals and non-metals, staircase, ex. boron
good conductors, ductile, malleable, smooth, groups 3-12, ex. lithium
65
4Fe+ 3O(2) --> 2Fe(2)O(3), reactant:
4Fe+ 3O(2)
4Fe
2Fe(2)O(3)
3O(2)
66
branches of chemistry; bio chem.
the study of chemical processes in living organisms
relates the physical properties of substance with their chemical make up
the study of what makes up matter
the study of compounds, with carbon-carbon bonds
67
an example of an extensive property of matter is
pressure
mass
temperature
hardness
68
ex. of analytical chem.
amount of breaths taken in a lifetime
using correct metals to make new coins
how energy is produced
drug blood test
69
what is the difference between an atom and an isotope
isotopes have a diff. mass number because they have a diff. # of electrons
isotopes have a diff. atomic number because they gave a diff. # of neutron
isotopes have a diff. mass number because they have a diff. # of neutrons
isotopes have a diff. atomic number because they have a diff. # of electron
70
electronegativity trend
decrease from top to bottom in groups, increase from left to right periods
decrease from top to bottom in groups, decrease from left to right periods
increase from top to bottom in groups, decrease from left to right periods
increase from top to bottom in groups, increase from left to right periods
71
how do the atoms of one element differ from those of another elements
they differ in number of protons
they differ in number of neutrons
they differ in number of electrons
72
what did antoine lavoisier contribute to chemistry
he created the first structure of the atom
he discovered that atoms contain tiny, negatively charged electrons
he found where electrons belong in the atom in relation to the nucleus
he showed that oxygen is required for material to burn
73
how many orbitals are in the P sublevel
3
7
1
5
74
ex. of bio chem.
how energy is produced
using the correct metals to make new coins
drug blood test
how enzymes catalyze reactions
75
what is a metalloid
gases, weak, poor conductors, noble gases, ex. carbon
good conductors, ductile, malleable, smooth, groups 3-12, ex. lithium
shares properties with metals and non-metals, staircase, ex. boron
76
what is a mixture
describes any part of a sample with uniform composition of properties
a composition with only one uniform component
a physical blend of at least 2 substances
77
in what way are 2 isotopes of the same element the same
they have the same atomic number and electrons
they have the same mass number and neutrons
they have the same atomic number and neutrons
they have the same mass number and electrons
78
which of the following may have more than one phase
a pure solid
a heterogeneous mixture
a homogeneous mixture
a pure liquid
79
which of the following would a chemist be most likely to study
a leaf floating on water
a leaf being eaten by insects
a leaf being blown by the wind
a leaf changing color in autumn
80
branches of chemistry; inorganic chem.
the study of non-carbon compounds, excluding carbon dioxide
relates the physical properties of substances with their chemical make up
the study of what makes up matter
the study of chemical processes in living organisms
81
how many orbitals are in the F sublevel
7
3
1
5
82
what is pure chemistry
just about reactions of 2 pure substances
modifying an existing substance or creating a substance that interacts
83
what is the electronic configuration for carbon
2s^2 3s^2 2p^1
2s^2 3s^2 2p^4
2s^2 3s^2 2p^3
2s^2 3s^2 2p^2
84
how many particles make up an atom
4
3
2
1
85
what is hunds rule
an atomic orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons
in a sublevel, every orbital is filled with one electron first
electrons first fill the orbitals of the lowest energy
86
when laundry detergent is added to ketchup water and salt is formed. in this reaction salt is a
product
reactant
physical change
mixture
87
which is an example of a different substance being formed
metal melting
water freezing
wood burning
glass breaking
88
which of the following best exemplifies bio chem.
amount of iron in a red blood cell
drug blood test
forensic science
angle of oxygen in water
89
what is the pauli exclusion principle
electrons first fill the orbitals of the lowest energy
an atomic orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons
in a sublevel, every orbital is filled with one electron first
90
approved eye protection devices (such as goggles) are worn in the laboratory
any time chemicals, heat or glassware are used
to avoid eye strain
only if you don't have corrective glasses
to improve your vision
91
which of the following best exemplifies inorganic chem.
amount of times the heart beats while running
sulfides on a volcanic surface
enzyme catalyze reactions
protein catalysis
92
a number of people became ill after eating oysters in a restaurant. which of the following is a hypothesis about this
bacteria in the oysters may have caused the illness
people got sick wether the oysters they ate were raw or cooked
symptoms include nausea and dizziness
everyone who ate oysters got sick
93
what is the electronic configuration for beryllium
2s^2 3s^2
2s^2 3s^2 2p^1
2s^ 3s^1
2s^2 3s^2 2p^3
94
branches of chemistry; physical chem.
relates the physical properties of substances with their chemical make up
the study of non-carbon compounds, excluding carbon dioxide
the study of what makes up matter
the study of chemical processes in living organisms
95
which of the following is a physical property
ability to rust
combustible
explosive
melting point
96
separating a solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid is called _____
condensation
solution
filtration
distillation
97
what does the principle quantum number reveal about electron position
it describes the size of the electron orbital, and which orbital it's on
it describes where the electron is, and how many electrons there are
98
you are heating a substance in a test tube. always point the open end of the tube
away from all people
toward another classmate
toward yourself
toward your lab partner
99
ex. of a chemical change
oil + water
flour + sugar
burning food
mixing vinegar and baking soda
100
which element is least electronegative
cs (cesium)
li (lithium)
b (boron)
f (fluorine)
