What is a stereotype threat?

Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance

What is a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?

Reinforcing an action after a certain amount of time

What is functional fixedness?

a tendency to focus on an object's typical function

How can you most effectively create enduring memories to prepare for exams?

spread out encoding across numerous days

To be aware of something through senses

If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that

certain brain regions process specific information

Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?

All answers are involved in the HPA axis

Vicarious punishment occurs when

Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying

What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?

evaluate our coping options and resources

Sigmund Freud was responsible for

Revolutionizing psychology with his psychoanalytic theory

What is fluid intelligence?

Your ability to solve abstract problems

Empiricism is the belief that:

direct observation is the best source of knowledge

What does the 'correlation co-efficient' tell us?

Tells the strength of the relationship between 2 variables

What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?

Modulated mood, suppressed appetite

Industrial and Organization Psychology can be defined as

the study of human behavior in the workplace

What best describes the sociometer theory?

Feelings of self-esteem evolved to monitor the degree that we are accepted

All of the following describe self-serving biases EXCEPT:

We have unrealistic and self-aggrandizing views of the self.

Negative reinforcement involves

removal of an unpleasant stimulus

Prosopagnosia is defined as...

An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces

What is a stereotype threat?

Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance

What is an example of flashbulb memory?

Remembering where you were when 9 11 happened

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by

feelings of sadness, emptiness, and anhedonia for at least 2 weeks

All of these answer options are part of cognition

Which are examples of norm violations? (You may select more than 1 answer)

Invading a stranger's space, Walking into a building with your umbrella open, Talking to yourself in public, Eating soup with a fork

The height of the crests of a wave

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

When a person behaves according the the label given to them

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Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021 Flashcards | StudBud

Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021

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Questions 471

Answers

1
What is a stereotype threat?
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
Stereotypes that threaten others
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
2
What does the retina do?
focuses light
transduction
allows light into the eye
protects the eye
3
Cultural transmission is transmitting information from one _____ to another by teaching.
society
language
generation
class
4
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
behavior; pleasant
magnitude; repeated
magnitude; unpleasant
behavior; repeated
5
The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion distinguishes between two routes to persuasion;
intuitive & rational
central & peripheral
implicit & explicit
primary & secondary
6
Which psychological disorder is known for hallucinations?
PTSD
OCD
Dissociative identity disorder
Schizophrenia
7
What is a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcing an action after a certain amount of time
The ability to see a new use for things
The inability to see a new use for things
Reinforcing an action after it has been done certain times
8
What is functional fixedness?
favoring information that confirms your beliefs
a tendency to focus on an object's typical function
a tendency to approach situations the same way
presentation of a fact framed from a particular perspective
9
The species-specific biological predisposition to learn some associations more quickly than other associations.
prediction error
preparedness
blocking
counterconditioning
10
How can you most effectively create enduring memories to prepare for exams?
repeat the information numerous times
spread out encoding across numerous days
re-read the textbook
ask questions during a review session
11
Fact or Opinion: Autism is caused by vaccines.
Opinion
Fact
12
What is Perception?
The quality of being dedicated
Transforms you from being forgotten to memorable
To be aware of something through senses
An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that something is dangerous
13
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the control group?
100 mg
0 mg
depression
50 mg
14
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
certain brain regions process specific information
the person is delusional
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person has cancer
15
The neural tube will become the:
reproductive organs
backbone, legs, and arms
brain and spinal cord
intestinal tract
16
What is the explicit memory of facts and general knowledge?
semantic memory
memory consolidation
priming
episodic memory
17
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
Pituitary gland
Cortisol
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
ACTH
18
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Imitating what the model does
19
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
focusing on how we change the problem
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
evaluate our coping options and resources
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
20
Sigmund Freud was responsible for
Being a gestalt psychologist
Establishing behaviorism
Revolutionizing psychology with his psychoanalytic theory
Experimenting with introspection
21
What is fluid intelligence?
Your ever changing knowledge
Knowledge of fluid objects
Your ability to solve abstract problems
Your use of accumulated knowledge
22
Empiricism is the belief that:
direct observation is the best source of knowledge
all truth exists in the mind
the experience of the mind can only be known by introspection
truth, as such, as such does not exist
23
A: Therapy that helps patients integrate inconsistent aspects into a coherent whole via self- awareness and -acceptance.
Q: What is Motivational Interviewing?
Q: What is Client-Centered Therapy?
Q: What is Gestalt Therapy?
Q: What is Interpersonal Therapy?
24
What happens if the cochlea is damaged?
Not influence your hearing.
Increase your hearing.
Decrease your hearing.
Lose your hearing.
25
What does the 'correlation co-efficient' tell us?
Tells the strength of the relationship between 2 variables
It gives us qualitative data
Gives the margin of error of a test
Tells how accurate a test is
26
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Increased learning, enhanced memory
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
27
Industrial and Organization Psychology can be defined as
the study of the way that people and machines interact
the study of human behavior in the workplace
the study of safety at work
the study of worker efficiency
28
A subjective experience of having one’s attention so focused on an activity that any sense of self-awareness disappears.
Acceptance
Flow
Social support
Mindfulness
29
What best describes the sociometer theory?
How emotionally intelligent we are in comparison to others
Feelings of self-esteem evolved to monitor the degree that we are accepted
Feelings related to our family and how we connect to others
How much fun we are when we got to a party with friends
30
According to the Triangular theory of love, what component(s) would "friends with benefits" include?
passion+intimacy
passion
intimacy+passion+commitment
intimacy
31
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new neurotransmitters
new glial cells
new memory
new neurons
32
If an apple is in the right visual field & a wrench in theleft, what does a split brain person see with their right eye?
neither the apple or wrench
apple
both the apple and wrench
wrench
33
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
negative to positive
negative to more negative
positive to more positive
positive to negative
34
What is NOT a stereotype?
Everyone is on the same level
Foreigner's cannot be trusted
All men are non-emotional
Girl's need constant protection from men
35
All of the following describe self-serving biases EXCEPT:
We assume that we are better-than-average.
We attribute good outcomes internally and bad outcomes externally.
We choose to define traits in ways that favor our strengths.
We have unrealistic and self-aggrandizing views of the self.
36
Negative reinforcement involves
presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
removal of a pleasant stimulus
presentation of a pleasant stimulus
removal of an unpleasant stimulus
37
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
preoperational; sensorimotor
accommodation; assimilation
sensorimotor; preoperational
assimilation; accommodation
38
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
A failure to hear objects
A failure to perceive objects
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
39
What is a stereotype threat?
Stereotypes that threaten others
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
40
Connections between brain regions are what color on an MRI?
grey
black
red
white
41
What is an example of flashbulb memory?
Remembering something suddenly
Remembering a flashbulb
Remembering that Sean is the most likeable harrison
Remembering where you were when 9 11 happened
42
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
Intelligence
Fluid intelligence
General intelligence (g)
Crystalized intelligence
43
What form of memory retrieval are you using when answering this multiple-choice question?
recall
free-recall
relearning
recognition
44
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the dependent variable?
0 mg
100 mg
depression
drug dose
45
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by
excited and energetic episodes and depressive episodes, with normal periods
a loss of contact with reality and a breakdown of mind's normal functions
continuous,pervasive, and difficult-to-control anxiety
feelings of sadness, emptiness, and anhedonia for at least 2 weeks
46
What is cognition?
Language and decision making
Knowledge and problem solving
All of these answer options are part of cognition
Thinking
47
What is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the links among behavior, cognition, and physical wellness?
Cognitive Psychology
Biopsychosocial Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Health psychology
48
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Getting extra chores
Spanking
Time out
Writing a letter of apology
49
Which are examples of norm violations? (You may select more than 1 answer)
Invading a stranger's space
Walking into a building with your umbrella open
Talking to yourself in public
Eating soup with a fork
50
What is Amplitude?
The number of cycles per second of a wave
The maximum extent of a wave
The distance between any two consecutive crests
The height of the crests of a wave
51
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
A label you give yourself based on past experience
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
52
Which of the following predicts the types of relationships you form as an adult?
parenting style
both answers are correct
neither answer is correct
attachment style
53
GABA does what in the central nervous system?
excites
inhibits
rewards
memory
54
A: The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitude are similar to our own.
Q: What is impression management?
Q: What is false consensus?
Q: What is fundamental attribution error?
Q: What is transference?
55
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects the metabolization of glucose
It detects a BOLD signal
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects the flow of blood
56
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
57
According to Freud, hysteria is a ___ .
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
58
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
Recalling a car severe accident
Remembering a traumatic event
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
59
True or False: Drugs cure psychological disorders and control the symptoms.
True
False
60
Why is a therapeutic alliance beneficial?
because it helps us become self-actualized
because it creates a dependent relationship
because it can help clients gain confience
because it allows therapists to show empathy
61
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
62
Learning ...
always produces an improvement in behavior
gets easier as people get older
is a change in behavior from past experience
requires the ability to think abstractly
63
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
visual processing; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; visual processing
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
64
What can cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
Natural Disasters
Assault or an Accident
Military Combat
All the Above
65
Serotonin is associated with what in the brain?
inhibition of neurons
mood regulation
excitation of neurons
reward system
66
Chanti’s psychological functioning is evaluated to determine if a clinical diagnosis is warranted. Chanti is receiving _
a self-report test
a clinical interview
a projective test
a clinical assessment
67
A: The percentage of people in a population who will have a given psychological disorder at any point in their lives.
Q: What is Point Prevalence?
Q: What is Lifetime Prevalence?
Q: What is Concordance rate?
Q: What is comorbidity rate?
68
What's circled on this neuron?
Myelin sheath
Axon
Cell Body
Dendrites
69
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Longitudinal
Sequential
Cross sectional
Experimental
70
Bounded rationality is the idea that ...
sudden decisions that are made without conscious oversight
irrational decisions bound by our environments
rational decisions made on a cost-benefit basis
rational decision making is constrained by limitations
71
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls hearing
it controls movements
it controls touch
it controls vision
72
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
73
Social loafing is LESS likely to occur when any of the following occur EXCEPT:
Whena task is challenging, interesting, and personally relevant
When the group size is small and the group members have clear roles
When everyone must work together to achieve a collective goal
Individualsare held accountable for meeting certain goals
74
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Imitating what the model does
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
75
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
knowledge on a subject
problem solving
solving a puzzle
acquiring new skills
76
A: Patterns of thought and behavior that make a person react in relatively consistent ways. Q: What is ___?
unconscious
defense mechanisms
personality
traits
77
What is relative size?
the closer object will partially cover the further object
large objects are far and small objects are close
parallel lines will convey in the distance
large objects are close and small objects are far
78
All of the following are the criteria for causation EXCEPT
No reasonable alternative explanations
A large, representative sample
One variable must precede the other
Two variables must be correlated
79
What are the 3 stages of Moral Development?
Obedience, Punishment, Law and Order
Cosmic, Good, Bad
Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional
Right, Wrong, Values
80
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
delays in motor development
strong emotional reactivity
increased risk for health problems
intellectual disabilities
81
What is a morpheme?
Symbol for letter sounds
most basic unit of speech used in a sentence
most basic unit of speech
most basic unit of speech that has meaning
82
Reliability examines how...
unfair the measurements are.
fair the measurements are.
consistent the measurements are.
inconsistent the measurements are.
83
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
the person has cancer
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person is delusional
certain brain regions process specific information
84
Which of the following is NOT a barrier that prevents people from seeking therapy?
the cultural stigma about therapy
recognizing a psychological disorder is treatable
lack of physical access to therapy
lack of financial access to therapy
85
Dopamine is associated with what in the brain?
inhibition of neurons
mood regulation
excitation of neurons
reward system
86
Ricky has a broad mental representation of the person he his such as kind, loving, and a father. This is an example of _
self-actualization
self-concept
self-esteem
self-determination theory
87
Construct validity is important because
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
88
What is attachment?
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
89
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
90
Excessive time in the resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome can cause...
Improved health outcomes in the long term
Stress related diseases like ulcers or heart conditions
An over-inflated sense of self-satisfaction
A rush of adrenaline and the body mobilizes
91
What does the EEG scan measure?
electrical activity in the brain
metabolization of glucose
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
internal structures of brain
92
Children who use parents as a secure base from which to explore are said to have .....
Disorganized attachment
Ambivalent Attachment
Secure Attachment
Avoidant Attachment
93
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the bell called
Conditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
94
How do neurotransmitters move from neuron to neuron?
the axon and dendrite are touching so they pass the electrical current
attach to mitochondria and flow out of cell
move across terminal branches
cross the synaptic cleft
95
Which imaging technique best measures neural activity in real time.
EEG
MRI
PET
TMS
96
Habituation is
when an animal gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when a animal decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
when predator are always hunting decreasing the population
when the habit changes its population
97
Define the recency effect.
Information at the start of the list is recalled the best
Information at the end of the list is recalled the best
None of these answers are correct
Information in the middle of the list is recalled the best
98
A: Reduce prejudice through interactions w/ members of different groups working together as equals toward a common goal.
Q: What is social identity theory?
Q: What is symbolic racism?
Q: What is the contact hypothesis?
Q: What is realistic group conflict theory?
99
What is Agoraphobia?
Fear of a loved one being hurt
Fear of open spaces or crowds
Fear of heights
Fear of social situations
100
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that recognize facial features
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
101
According to self-determination theory, well-being&success are achieved when environments support all motivations EXCEPT
relatedness
determination
competence
autonomy
102
Maria cried for 2 days because failed an exam. Maria is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
conscientiousness
neuroticism
extroversion
agreeableness
103
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Sequential
Cross sectional
Experimental
Longitudinal
104
Which branch of psychology focuses on how we interact with and relate to others?
clinical
health
social
industrial and organizational
105
A: Characteristics that describe who a person is and explain how they typically behave. Q: What are __ ?
cardinal traits
central traits
traits
secondary traits
106
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Restructuring
Algorithm
Heuristic
Insight
107
Which of the following statements describes someone with Type B personality.
"I like to think about my past experiences to grow."
"I need to know what time it is and check my schedule."
"I am going to be number 1 no matter what it takes."
"I anger easily so do not mess with me, buddy."
108
What is Implicit memory?
long term storage of unconscious mem. that cant be described
memory that includes a person's knowledge about the world.
memory that includes a person's personal experience
memories that can be verbally described
109
Which of the following is characteristic of a psychological disorder not a syndrome?
Simple deviance from social norms
A disturbance in an individual that is associated with distress
An expectableresponse to common stressors and losses
A culturally appropriate response to a particular event
110
Which treatment approach draws upon different techniques to customize treatment for a given individual client?
psychodynamic
client-centered
humanistic
electicism
111
What is basilar membrane?
A series of small bones in the middle ear
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
112
Which of the following is NOT an executive function?
Inhibit distracting thoughts
Organizing new information in your mind
Buttoning a coat
Ability to hold info actively in mind while performing tasks
113
What does the amygdala do?
Helps you make plan actions.
Controls your memory.
Controls your movements.
Controls your emotions.
114
What scan type is best for detecting real time electrical firing of neurons?
CT
PET
EEG
fMRI
115
A: Personality guides cognition about world shaping ppl's environments, reinforcing/amplifying personality. Q: What is_?
gene X environment interactions
social learning theory
person X situation interactions
reciprocal determinism
116
A storage level of memory that holds sensory information on the order of milliseconds to seconds.
long-term memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
117
You helped your friend move last weekend because he help you fix your car a couple of weeks ago. This is known as _ .
diffusion of responsibility
bystander effect
norm of reciprocity
social loafing
118
what does the parietal lobe do?
it controls hearing
it controls vision
it controls movement
it controls touch
119
What are teratogens?
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
120
What is a prototype?
an representation of an idea in a category
representative category members
something new that is being tested
an abstract representation of all category members
121
Juan tried losing weight numerous times, changed his diet, and took diet pills. "I will always be overweight." This is_.
learned helplessness
outcome efficacy
depressive realism
internal locus of control
122
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
assimilation; accommodation
sensorimotor; preoperational
accommodation; assimilation
preoperational; sensorimotor
123
To understand if CBT can treat depression, I gather all articles on CBT & depression and analyze them. What am I doing?
the dodo bird verdict
an empirically supported treatment
a double blind study
a meta-analysis
124
Persuasion means... (you can pick more than 1 answer)
Forcing someone to do or believe in something
An attempt to influence a person's behaviors, attitudes, or intentions
The act of using coercion to force others to do something
The act of convincing someone to do or believe something
125
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
Increased learning, enhanced memory
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
126
The best example of an acute stressor is...
relationship changes like break up or marriage
spending 4 years in college
caring for a chronically ill person
a bear tries to attack you
127
Which of the following is NOT important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle?
exercise
sleep
hygiene
diet
128
Developmental psychology is the study of:
language,personality,& emotions of children and adolescents.
the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential
changes in behavior & abilities from conception to death.
the stages of life and the important tasks of each.
129
What is dual processing theory?
being able to do to tasks at the same time.
when we’re making decisions, we use two different systems of thinking
ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli
understanding stimuli in a particular, serial order
130
A: Explains behavior as a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influence. Q: What is _?
heritability
Behavioral activation system (BAS)
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
gene X environment interaction
131
What is Amplitude?
The height of the crests of a wave
The maximum extent of a wave
The number of cycles per second of a wave
The distance between any two consecutive crests
132
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
confirmation bias
belief perseverance
overconfidence bias
hindsight bias
133
What does it mean if a statistical result is significant?
their study had high reliability
their study had low reliability
their findings are due to chance
their findings are not due to chance
134
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the triangular theory of love?
Commitment
Intimacy
Attachment
Passion
135
Those with a fixed mindset ______.
embrace challenges
learn from others' success
try to improve
give up easily.
136
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that recognize facial features
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
137
A: Medications that block dopamine transmission but have enhanced benefits of limiting or eliminating negative symptoms.
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
138
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
139
An aptitude test is a test of
your intelligence.
how much you have learned.
your skills and interests.
your problem solving abilities.
140
What does the somatosensory cortex do?
It processes visual information
It generates all motor commands for the body
It processes tactile information
It processes auditory information
141
Operational definition: College success measured by employment in the field one year after graduation
Good
Bad
142
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron?
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
143
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
You cannot find your keys
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
144
What are teratogens?
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
145
What is the belief perseverance?
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
judging the likelihood of things
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
the tendency to be more confident than correct
146
What is the trichromatic theory?
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
The sensory receptors come in pairs
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
147
Narcissism includes
social consciousness.
giving to others.
the inability to know right from wrong.
an inflated sense of self-importance.
148
Which of the following is NOT part of good sleep hygiene?
Using your bed only for sleep or sex
Engage in tasks that involve a lot of mental effort before bed
Going to bed at the same time each night
Waking up at the same time each morning
149
The rapid shift to online social interaction has negatively impacted social relationships in all the following EXCEPT:
Higher likelihood of ignoring & neglecting people in same physical space
Others reacting negatively to people with low self-esteem who self-disclose
Perception of a broad social network is associated w/ higher stress levels
Momentary drops in happiness with frequent checking of social media & email
150
Which of the following is not true about health disparities?
Early and prolonged stress changes someone's response to stress
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) is related to better health outcomes
Racial and ethnic disparities in health are not linked to increased stress
Perceived social status is related to general health outcomes
151
Delusion or hallucination: Seeing a famous actor on a television set that is not on or plugged in
hallucination
delusion
152
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
hunger
food
nausea
a bell
153
What is plasticity?
The brain's ability to remember
The brain's ability to perceive the outside world
The brain's ability to change
The brain's ability to aquire information
154
What is proprioception?
How flexible you are
How strong you are
How mentally quick you are
Awareness of your body's position in space
155
Function of the Occipital Lobe
auditory processing, memory, & speech
Movement, orientation, recognition & perception of stimuli
reasoning, problem solving, speech, & movement
visual processing
156
Motor skills develop according to which 2 general rules? (Pick 2)
from the head to the feet
from the torso to the feet and the head
from the limbs to the center of the body
from the center of the body outwards
157
What is the sustained activation of many physiological systems in response to frequent or chronic stressors?
burnout
allostatic load
resilience
general adaptation syndrome
158
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
The thalamus
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
159
Consolidation Definition:
Long lasting increase in neural excitability
Inability to form new memories.
Loss of memory for events.
Neural changes associated with recent learning are durable.
160
What happens in deplorization during action potential?
the outside of the neuron is positive
the inside of the cell becomes positive
the outside of the neuron has no charge
returns the cell to resting potential
161
What effect does group polarization have on groups?
It causes groups to have more moderate views
It causes the members of the group to act more moderately
It has little effect on the views of the group
It causes the group to form more extreme views
162
What does the cornea do?
Inverts and focuses the light on the retina
Protects and covers the front of the eye
Controls the size of the pupil
Transduces light into neural impulses
163
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
observational learning
latent learning
confirmation bias
hindsight bias
164
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
Can think about abstract concepts
All the above
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
Thinking logically about concrete events
165
If I take a a sugar pill that I believe is an antidepressant and I feel less depressed, this is known as ___ ?
the placebo effect
third wave therapy
mindfulness
cognitive-behavioral therapy
166
What is the study of how the interactions between your genes and the environment regulate gene expression?
Differential sensitivities hypothesis
Gene × environment interactions
Diathesis-Stress model
Epigenetics
167
A: Medications that increase serotonin turnover in the brain with fewer side effects.
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
168
What is egocentrism?
The inability to take the perspective of another
These are all parts of egocetrism
The inability to perceive others as important
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
169
Which of the following examples demonstrates a social role
acting one way in public but privately thinking or feeling something else
the thing you eat at a social dinner
the way you expect your teacher to behave
the things you expect to happen in a restaurant
170
The neurotransmitter Glutamate is responsible for:
reward system
inhibition of neurons
mood regulation
excitation of neurons
171
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What is the hippocampus associated with?
remembering semantic tasks
fear and fear memories
consolidation, episodic, declarative
procedural memories
172
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
A failure to hear objects
A failure to perceive objects
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
173
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
Cell body
axon
Dendrite
Myelin sheathing
174
If I claim that all therapies work equally on all disorders, this is called __.
the dodo bird verdict
an empirically supported treatment
a meta-analysis
a double blind study
175
Name Design: Ask people to answer a series of questions about political views.
naturalistic observation
survey
experimental
case study
176
Number 2 on this neuron is the...
Myelin sheath
Dendrites
Axon
Cell body
177
You have brown eyes. The expression of this trait is due to
your genotype
your phenotype
none of the above
natural selection
178
What is transduction?
The stimulation of the senses
Transforming signals into neural impulses
Sensory stimulation without perception
Making sense of the outside world
179
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the food called
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
180
What is the difference between group polarization and groupthink?
group unanimity; group cohesion
group cohesion; enhancing an opinion within a group
enhancing an opinion within a group; group unanimity
group unanimity; enhancing an opinion within a group
181
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
182
In continuous reinforcement, the response is rewarded for the desired behavior....
every 5 minutes
every 5 behaviors
every behavior
randomly reward the behavior
183
The medulla oblongata
regulates sleep cycles
regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
relays visual and auditory info to the thalamus
regulates balance and fine motor movements
184
Which of the following is NOT true of dissociative identity disorder?
There are more DID cases due to brain imagining technology for diagnosis.
There has been a massive increase in DID diagnosis since the 1970s.
The diagnosis has been highly controversial.
The well-documented cases of DID are doubtful.
185
A: It involves applying rapid pulses of magnetic stimulation to the brain from a coil held near the scalp.
electroconvulsive therapy
vagal nerve stimulation
deep brain stimulation
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
186
What is interposition?
distant objects are less clear/hazy
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
distant objects have smoother texture
187
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
Doing what another person does
Christmas occurring each year
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
188
Dopamine
Is released when we enjoy something
Characteristics of addictive behavior arises from the brain’s reward center
All of the above
Drugs release dopamine which tricks the brain into thinking the substance
189
What is Long-term potentiation (LTP)?
Connections are strengthened through repeated firings
Connections are weakened due to a lack of firing
Connections made between the stimulus and the resposne
New connections are made in the neocortex
190
What is shallow processing?
Only coding for knowledge
coding based on event's meaning and connections to other events
only coding physical characteristics
Only coding meaning
191
What was significant about Erikson's contributions to human development?
First to propose that children learn through scaffolding
First to propose that children develop via interactions with the world
First to argue that adolescents struggle for identity
First to suggest unconscious forces influence development
192
What is the biopsychosocial model?
a way of understanding the factors that make people healthy
telling the difference between mental disorders
a way of determining someone's genetic risk factors
a way of treating mental health depending on their factors
193
How does physical exercise and exposure to nature NOT help treat psychological disorders?
there are benefits to green exercise (outdoor physical exercise)
increasing physical exercise can reduce negative psychological symptoms
easy access to green space is associated w/ greater well-being &less stress
high levels of exercise are associated with high levels of symptoms
194
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
when two events co-occur
by observing and imitating
by the things that happen after a behavior
with the help of peers and experts
195
Which sentence contains an overregularization error?
“We eats dinner now.”
“I singed a song today.”
“She no want to go.”
“He pet the dog black.”
196
The misinformation effect refers to the
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent mood.
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
197
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new neurons
new neurotransmitters
new glial cells
new memory
198
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
acquisition
extinction
generalization
discrimination
199
The best example of an acute stressor is...
spending 4 years in college
caring for a chronically ill person
a bear tries to attack you
relationship changes like break up or marriage
200
All the following are ethical concerns for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study EXCEPT:
no informed consent
more damage was done than the benefit in knowledge
the national press drew attention to the study
vaccines were withheld
201
All of the following are tips for successful learning EXCEPT:
Study often
Use retrieval cues
Increase stress
Test yourself
202
What is the function of the pinna?
To send information to the brain
To funnel sound waves into the middle ear
To change sound waves into mechanical waves
To change mechanical waves into neural impulses
203
The apparent cause and development of some anxiety disorders seems to be
biological.
cognitive.
all of these.
stress.
204
Who would study thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
cognitive psychologists
personality psychologists
evolutionary psychologists
developmental psychologists
205
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes the _____ after conditioning.
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
206
Gustation is the sense of:
Balance
Taste
Hearing
Smell
207
Which of these are not detected by the parietal Lobe ?
Temperature
Pain
Touch
Sound
208
Validity
getting the same result each time a measurement is taken.
appropriateness or accuracy of a conclusion.
reliability and objectivity.
measurements that are made without bias.
209
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
positive to negative
negative to more negative
negative to positive
positive to more positive
210
What is rehearsal?
The holding of information in the brain through mental repetition
A temporary storage container that holds information for about 30 seconds
The process of storing information in the brain for later use
The process of getting information into the brain for processing
211
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
consequences
watching others
pairing stimuli
experience
212
What type of Locus of Control is demonstrated by the quote in the picture below?
Internal
External
Neither
Both
213
The Asch Conformity Experiment found that:
people have a hard time agreeing
eventually people give in to peer pressure and conform
people see spatial distance differently
people generally don't change their minds
214
Associative learning involves:
Working with associates to learn
Connecting events together to learn
Learning something by doing it
Learning by watching others
215
GABA is associated with what in the brain?
mood regulation
reward system
excitation of neurons
inhibition of neurons
216
Threshold is ____
Base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing rate
Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps between neurons
The level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse
Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
217
The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the condition stimulus is called_____
generalization
acquisition
discrimination
extinction
218
What is a concordance rate?
Likelihood of twins having same trait
Likelihood of siblings having different traits
Likelihood of siblings having same traits
Likelihood of twins having different traits
219
Which Parenting Style is this?
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Disengaged
220
People with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with:
delusions of persecution
their own self-importance
sexual fantasies
physical symptoms of distress
221
Which of the following is a dispositional attribution?
Rudy assumes the role of a "guard" in a social experiment
Marissa believes that people in a group share the same ideas
Teacher's thinks child is acting out in class b/c of divorce
Henry is cut off by a car and assumes the driver is rude
222
What is the idea that physical properties of an object remain constant despite superficial changes in object’s shape?
abstract reasoning
conservation
operation
symbolic representation
223
What is sensation?
interpreting sensory information
Detecting and encoding energy from your environment
detecting and encoding energy from your body
organizing information
224
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Experimental
Sequential
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
225
True or False: Neurosurgeons perform lobotomy only as a last resort.
False
True
226
Which is NOT a type of taste bud?
Spicy
Sour
Sweet
Bitter
227
What does resilience mean?
Willing to try new things
Tendency to get along with other people
Tendency to think positively
Having high levels of stress
228
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
229
A storage level of memory where information can be held briefly, from seconds to less than a minute.
short-term memory
declarative memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
230
To learn appropriate social behavior, Juan watches Jose's social interactions and copies them. This is called ___ .
vicarious reinforcement
in vivo exposure
modeling
contingency management
231
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
absolute threshold
Weber's law
opponent-process theory
signal detection theory
232
People who report having a larger and more supportive social network have all of the following EXCEPT
Stronger immune systems
Increased lifespans
Lower blood pressure
More stress hormones
233
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
Someone's opinion about the past
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
234
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
evaluate our coping options and resources
focusing on how we change the problem
235
What does the MEG measure?
internal structures of brain
magnetic fields generated by brain's electrical currents
metabolization of glucose
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
236
________ are released into the _______ to send a signal from one neuron to another.
neurotransmitters; synapse
synaptic vesicles; terminal button
dendrites; myelin sheath
messages; axon
237
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
I am afraid of making a mistake
With more practice it will get easier
I can always find a way to improve
Challenges make me better
238
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
hunger
a bell
food
nausea
239
A: A biological treatment that involves stimulating specific parts of the brain with implanted electrodes.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
electroconvulsive therapy
deep brain stimulation
vagal nerve stimulation
240
Which of these is NOT TRUE of case study methodology?
Case studies usually involve studying individuals who are rare/unusual
Case studies allow new theories to be formulated
Case studies allow for a rich data set because single individual is studied
Case studies can be easily generalized to the wider population
241
Which of these is an example of the foot-in-the-door technique?
Asking Richard to do a dance because everyone else did a dance
Asking for the week off, then ask for 1 day off
Asking for a large sum of cash, then ask for a smaller sum
Someone asks for directions & then asks you to go with them
242
The best example of confirmation bias is...
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
your FB feed where the news article support your views
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
243
T or F: A polarized neuron is at rest.
True
False
244
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
When I see a donut, I can eat one.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
When I drive by the gym, I will stop and work out.
245
Random assignment is
Assigning participants 2 different conditions without bias
The group that does not receive treatment
Grouping a sample into two groups
The group that receives the treatment
246
What is the best description of someone with a Dependent personality disorder?
distrust, others are evil
intense interest in being orderly, having control, and perfection
submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of
excessive emotions and seeks attention
247
A: A form of therapy where the therapist actively challenges the patient’s irrational beliefs.
Rational emotive behavioral therapy
Gestalt therapy
Psychodynamic therapy
Client-centered therapy
248
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
A label you give yourself based on past experience
249
TREPHINATION IS
THERAPY INTENDED TO HELP DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS
CUTTING A HOLE IN THE SKULL TO LET THE DEMONS OUT
A WAY OF MEASURING BRAIN WAVES
A SYSTEM OF DIAGNOSIS FOR MENTAL ILLNESS
250
What is the trichromatic theory?
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
The sensory receptors come in pairs
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
251
Heritability is
how a trait is inherited
the genetic reason one individual is different from another
the likelihood a difference in a behavior is due to genetics
the same from one population to another
252
If my parents created an environment that fosters psychology, this interacts with my biology. Example of what?
nature
nurture
phenotypes and genes
nature and nurture interaction
253
Which is the best example of cognitive dissonance?
if you like chocolate but you also think pizza is better
you think sleep is beneficial so you get 8 hours of sleep each night
if you think the gym is good for you but don't go to the gym
if you like Muzna because she is pretty
254
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by
physical aggression towards humans and animals
extreme mood swings
impulsivity, fidgeting, and difficulty in shifting attention
loss of interest in pleasurable activities
255
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
alarm.
exhaustion.
resistance.
combat preparation.
256
Gustation is the sense of:
Balance
Hearing
Smell
Taste
257
All of the following are predictors of who you will form friendships with EXCEPT:
similar parents
similar interests
proximity
similar attitudes
258
What is chronic stress?
long term stress
a disease from stress
large amount of stress
short term stress
259
All of the following are assumptions of rational emotive behavioral therapy about irrational beliefs EXCEPT?
consequences
activating events
beliefs
attitudes
260
A: A condition (group) where patients receive delayed treatment rather than no treatment.
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
Q: What is an experimental condition?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
261
Why does the bystander effect occur?
Diffusion of Responsibilty
Confidentiality
Anonymity
Situation does not look real
262
Fact or Opinion: Dendrite is a Greek word that means "tree".
Fact
Opinion
263
What does the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders help with?
Identifying cures for psychological disorders
Explaining potential cures and symptoms of disorders
Identifying disorders and symptoms associated with them
Helps identify the cause of the disorders
264
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
Fear of death can trigger disease
Too much dieting can create disease
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
265
Sensory adaptation refers to
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
266
What is it called when an infant starts sucking when their lips are stroked
Rooting reflex
Grasping reflex
Stepping reflex
Sucking reflex
267
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
stimulus recognition; visual processing
visual processing; stimulus recognition
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
268
Retrieval is best when the present context recreates the context in which information was initially encoded.
mood dependent retrieval
recognition
encoding specificity
state dependent retrieval
269
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
270
What does the retina do?
allows light into the eye
protects the eye
transduction
focuses light
271
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced cardiac output
Reduced reaction time
Reduced crystalized intelligence
Reduced sensory acuity
272
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
hindsight bias
confirmation bias
observational learning
latent learning
273
What is Binocular disparity?
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
two lines converging in the distance
274
A refractory period is ________
A brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse
The myelin sheathing provides insulation from an impulse
The period when the neuron conducts an impulse
The same as the resting potential
275
Which of the following is true about Electroconvulsive Therapy?
It is often the first form of treatment utilized.
There is no risk to the patient.
There are no negative side effects.
It is only used in very extreme cases of depression.
276
signal detection theory is most closely associated with
absolute thresholds
sensory adaptation
transduction
just noticeable difference
277
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
The thalamus
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
278
If I analyze Facebook posts for the past 5 years, what type of research is this?
observational
correlational
experimental
archival
279
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced sensory acuity
Reduced reaction time
Reduced crystalized intelligence
Reduced cardiac output
280
Which is not a characteristic of a hypothesis?
Consistent with well established facts
Capable of being tested
Falsifiable
You think you are right
281
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
watching others
experience
consequences
pairing stimuli
282
What is basilar membrane?
A series of small bones in the middle ear
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
283
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
Remembering a traumatic event
Recalling a car severe accident
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
284
A key finding of Zimbardo's Prison Experiment is that:
Status ca be used to influence someone else's behavior.
Role expectations can lead people 2 behave different from norm
Power can be used to influence someone else's behaviour.
All people behave the way the Zimbardo wanted them to.
285
Which is a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
A variable amount of time elapses between reinforcements
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
Reinforcement after a variable number of correct responses
286
Who forms beliefs based on systematic observations?
rationalists
empiricists
introspectionists
everyday people
287
Validity
the soundness of your interpretations and uses of results.
reliability and objectivity
making sense of problems and persevering in solving them.
a clear statement about what students are to learn.
288
The hippocampus' primary function is what?
homeostasis
emotion
vision
memory
289
Fact or Opinion: William James wrote the first psychology textbook, Principles of Psychology.
Fact
Opinion
290
Size constancy means:
the closest image to the front is bigger
objects get bigger when their image gets bigger
the shoe is bigger than the people in this image
objects stay the same size even if their image seems bigger
291
Which topic would someone studying criminal justice be the most interested in?
False memories
Obedience
Conformity
Therapy
292
A set of norms that govern the typical timing of life milestones like marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
emerging adulthood
social identity
internal chronometer
social clock
293
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Time out
Writing a letter of apology
Spanking
Getting extra chores
294
What is Autism?
It is a lifelong developmental disability
It affects social interaction and communication skills
All of the above
It affects the way a child interacts with the world
295
What is a schema?
a social construct created to relate information together
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
a self-identity construct
a funny word
296
What is called when a painter realizes their full potential as an artist?
self-efficacy
outcome efficacy
self-actualization
locus of control
297
What brain structure is absolutely critical for staying alive? Hint: it controls breathing and heart rate
brain stem
thalamus
cerebellum
reticular formation
298
What is the sensorimotor stage?
learning through symbols.
stage in which children think logically.
Learning through motor skills.
learning through senses and physical actions.
299
Leftover neurotransmitters are cleared by all mechanisms EXCEPT
Reuptake
Repolarization
Degradation
Diffusion
300
What is interposition?
distant objects have smoother texture
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
distant objects are less clear/hazy
301
Spontaneous recovery is
The sudden return of a response that has been extinguished
The tendency to forgo rewards spontaneously
Gaining knowledge of a situation after it has occured
The process of retrieving information from the brain
302
Name Design: Examine drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression.
Experimental
Cross-sectional
Case study
Archival
303
What changed as a result of Phineas Gage's accident?
Long term Memory
Short term Memory
Executive functions
Personality
304
What is repolarization?
Membrane potential does not change
Membrane is at resting potential
Membrane potential decreases becoming negative
Membrane potential sharply increases becoming positive
305
What is Syntax?
How we combine words into sentences.
The study of how syllables make up words.
The meaning of a sentence
A tax payable for sentences that are incomprehensible.
306
Which is the best example of the Premack Principle?
You can play outside, if you play video games.
You can see your friends, if you do your homework.
You can only have a candy bar, if you drink a soda.
You can have a cupcake, if you eat your dinner.
307
A: It represents the internalized cultural rules and ideals that guide our moral conscience Q: What is the __?
None of the answers are correct
id
superego
ego
308
What is a schema?
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
a social construct created to relate information together
a funny word
a self-identity construct
309
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Observing someone being reinforced for behavior and copying behavior
Copying what someone else does
Observing someone being punished for behavior and not copying behavior
310
__ estimates indicate that about half of personality trait variability is due to genetic factors.
Statistical
Genetic
Behavioral
Heritability
311
Increased parasympathetic activity will have what effect?
Increased energy
Pupil dilation
Decreased heart rate
Increased respiration
312
The primacy effect is when an individual
Remembers the items in the middle of the list the most.
Remembers the first and last items in a list the most.
Remembers the last items in a list the most.
Remembers the first items in a list the most.
313
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
Can think about abstract concepts
Thinking logically about concrete events
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
All the above
314
Encoding is the process by which ...
we think about thinking
information goes into memory storage
information goes into memory encoding
information is retrieved
315
Habituation is
when an organism decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
when the organism increases their responses to a novel stimulus
when an organism gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when we recover a response becasue a novel stimulus is presented
316
What type of personality test measures what people are willing and able to describe about themselves?
informant report
projective report
projective tests
self-report
317
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron.
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
318
Learning ...
gets easier as people get older
is a change in behavior from past experience
requires the ability to think abstractly
always produces an improvement in behavior
319
The best example of confirmation bias is...
your FB feed where the news article support your views
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
320
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
hindsight bias
belief perseverance
overconfidence bias
confirmation bias
321
What is the idea that males & females develop distinct personality traits because of different reproductive challenges?
social learning theory
sexual selection
self-determination theory
social role theory
322
Which of the following defines the fundamental attribution error?
Underestimate dispositional factors & overestimate situational factors
Underestimate dispositional and situational factors
Overestimate dispositional factors & underestimate situational factors
Overestimate dispositional and situational factors
323
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
324
How does perceived control over a stressful event influence the effects of stress on a person?
Control over events increases harmful effects of stress
A lack of control increases harmful effects of stress.
Perceived control does not affect how we feel about stress
A lack of control decreases harmful effects of stress
325
Which is a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
A varying amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement after a varying number of correct responses
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
326
____ are recurrent unwanted or disturbing thoughts.
None of these
Phobias
Compulsions
Obsessions
327
Gabe studied for Exam 3 and believes that he can take Exam 3 and get a score of 80% or higher. Gabe ___ .
is high in self-efficacy
has an external locus of control
has a high behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
is high in depressive realism
328
What is the best example of positive symptoms?
withdrawing from friends and family
reductions in speech
muted or dulled emotional responses
seeing or hearing something that is not really there
329
Coding system of the Phonological Loop
Tactile
Olfactory
Visual
Auditory
330
What is a zygote?
Ovum
A baby
Diploid cell formed after fertilization
Semen
331
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
Challenges make me better
I can always find a way to improve
I am afraid of making a mistake
With more practice it will get easier
332
What does the occipital lobe do?
Memory
Touch
Sight
Hearing
333
Mood disorder alternating between extreme highs and lows
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Panic Disorder
Schizophrenia
334
What would be the behavioral effects of damage to Wernicke's and Broca's areas?
vision problems
motor movement problems
speech problem
hearing problems
335
Shaping occurs when
rewards are withdrawn after unsuccessful behaviors
rewards are given only after successful behaviors
rewards are given to behaviors that approximate the correct response
rewards are given intermittently
336
Antagonist means:
a drug that causes euphoria and pleasant sensations
a drug that increases the activity of receptors
a measure of the extent of drug absorption
a drug that inhibits the activity of receptors
337
What is Internal Validity?
When the research looks like it is doing what it claims to
The need to generalize beyond the context it was carried out
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
Measures in a valid study are compared to the study
338
What is a language acquisition device?
A way of learning language.
An innate mechanism for learning language.
A way of learning language through sensory experience.
A way of learning language through reinforcement.
339
What is an agonist ?
drugs that mimic neurottransmitters in the brain
drugs that block neurotransmitters in the brain
neurotransmitters in the brain
drugs that release endogenous endorphins
340
Heritability measures:
Proportion of genotype variation due to phenotype
Incidence of a trait in the population
Proportion of phenotype variation due to genotype
If a trait is polygenic
341
What did the Milgram experiment focus on
obedience and authority
conformity and norms
altruism and helping others
intelligence and problem solving
342
Structures called the Ossicles
Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup
Outer, Middle, Inner Ear
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Cochlea, Semicircular Canals, Eustachian Tube
343
Finish this phrase: Correlation ...
does not equal causation
helps us understand the world
shows differences in data
never lies about the facts
344
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
Crystalized intelligence
General intelligence (g)
Intelligence
Fluid intelligence
345
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What type of memory is the cerebellum associated with?
declarative, episodic and recognition
procedural memories
fear and fear memories
remembering semantic tasks
346
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
combat preparation.
exhaustion.
alarm.
resistance.
347
Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by:
distrust in others
odd or eccentric ideas and behaviors
mistrust and suspicion
seeing things that aren't there
348
What does the pupil do?
focuses the light
nothing it's a hole
turns light into neural information
covers and protects the eye from the outside world
349
Stressors can fall into three broad categories. Which is not one of those categories?
daily hassles
catastrophic events
transient events
major life events
350
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
absolute threshold
opponent-process theory
Weber's law
signal detection theory
351
which is NOT a mood disorder?
biploar disorder
major depressive disorder
panic disorder
these are all mood disorders
352
What does the frontal lobe control?
motor movements
hearing
touch
vision
353
Operational definition: College success measured by the number of friends you made during college
Bad
Good
354
What is an authoritarian parent?
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
Emotionally detached and unloving
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
355
What is egocentrism?
The inability to take the perspective of another
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
These are all parts of egocetrism
The inability to perceive others as important
356
Construct validity is important because
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
357
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
358
What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?
Processes information in terms of sound
Storage component with capacity of about 4 chunks
Processes visual and spatial information
Coordinates the subsystems & allocates processing resources
359
How do researchers help participants maintain autonomy?
By ensuring low risk and high reward
By having participants read and sign a consent form
Conduct the research on one portion of society
Debrief the participant and answer their questions
360
What is sensation?
detecting and encoding energy from your environment
interpreting sensory information
detecting and encoding energy from your body
organizing information
361
If someone has Generalized Anxiety Disorder, what medication would they most likely be given?
lithium carbonate
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
benzodiazepine
mood stabilizer
362
If 2 variables are correlated, what is the third variable problem?
another variable can explain the relationship
a way to establish causation or causal relationships
the manipulation (IV) comes after the outcome (DV)
correlating 3 variables instead of 2
363
Alzheimer’s Disease is..
A progressive disease,destroying memory and important mental functions
Abnormal cell growth that can grow/spread to other parts of the body
A disorder with mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs
A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement
364
Opponent process theory _______________
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
cannot explain afterimages.
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
there are three types of cones.
365
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
366
Which is NOT an anxiety disorder?
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
specific phobia
social phobia
367
Comorbidity means_______?
the presence of having an unhealthy realtionship
two diagnosis that are unrelated
more than one disorder occurring at same time
one diagnosis in an individual
368
What is is called when you credit your success to dispositional factors and failures to situational factors?
Asch paradigm
self-serving attribution
fundamental attribution error
conformity
369
What is the self-fulfilling Prophecy ?
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
A label you give yourself
When you have fulfilled one of your aims
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
370
A: Our general attitude toward ourselves, and we are motivated to view ourselves positively. Q: What is __ ?
self-esteem
self-efficacy
self-concept
self-serving bias
371
Discrimination is an attitude while prejudice is an action.
True
False
372
In which Piaget stage do people gain the ability to reason about abstract problems and hypothetical propositions?
Concrete Operational
Preoperational
Sensorimotor
Formal operational
373
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
The voluntary action that takes place.
374
Which value indicates the strongest correlation?
-.25
-.97
.43
.88
375
Supreme released 1,000 special edition shirts.Many people place a high value on this shirt due to short supply.This is _
a social proof
the foot-in-the-door technique
the scarcity principle
the door-in-the-face technique
376
The rooting reflex...
causes baby to imitate walking
causes baby to start sucking an object
causes baby to turn cheek towards touch sensation
causes baby to spread out their toes
377
What is a stressor?
a short term amount of stress
anything that requires you to cope or adapt
a large amount of stress
stress that causes organs to shut down
378
____ are behavioral urges that temporarily relieve anxiety and are generally senseless rituals.
None of these
Obsessions
Phobias
Compulsions
379
What does the frontal lobe do?
visual cortext
motor cortex
somatosensory cortex
auditory cortex
380
Which of the following examples is the BEST example of major depressive disorder?
Sasha feels sad during winter and happy during summer
Jess feels depressed for more than 2 weeks for no reason
Joe breaks up with his girlfriend, who cries in her room for 1 week
KC gets kicked out of a club, so she feels down and dejected
381
The hippocampus helps me
Remember important events
Run from danger
Create art
Hear
382
According to Freud, transference is a ___ .
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
383
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
Cortisol
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
ACTH
Pituitary gland
384
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
threat reactivity
challenge reactivity
fight-or-flight response
chronic stress
385
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The voluntary action that takes place.
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
386
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
Fear of death can trigger disease
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
Too much dieting can create disease
387
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
having knowledge on a particular subject
solving a puzzle
acquiring new skills
problem solving
388
The person × situation interactions model posits that to understand and predict behavior, it's necessary to account for
the interaction between personal dispositions and the situation
personal dispositions
All answer options must be accounted for in this model
the situation people find themselves in
389
Are the soccer teams in one state a population sample?
sample
population
390
Delusion or halluciation? Believing someone is watching you
delusion
hallucination
391
Beyonce is continually thinking about a break up and her previous partner. Beyonce is experiencing ___
anhedonia
compulsions
rumination
obsessions
392
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
discrimination
generalization
acquisition
extinction
393
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls touch
it controls movement
it controls hearing
it controls vision
394
Echoic Memory holds ...
images for a very short time
sounds for a very short time
sounds for a very long time
images for a very long time
395
One major difference between humanist and behavioral therapy is
Behaviorists focus on childhood
A humanist therapist focuses more on empathy
A behavioral therapist offers medicine
A Humanist therapist uncovers unconscious conflict
396
Why is it important to develop rapport with your therapist or healthcare provider?
rapport has been demonstrated to increase neurotransmitter release
rapport helps raise the client's self-esteem
rapport is a determinant of successful treatment
rapport is not important to develop
397
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is an alarm clock?
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
398
What is a phoneme?
the letter or letters that represent a sound
a meaning piece of a word
the smallest unit of sound in a word
the sound each individual letter makes
399
Myelin is
The organelles that compose the neuron
The structure that releases neurotransmitters
A layer of electrical insulation that surrounds the axon
The structure that receives neurotransmitters
400
A person with antisocial personality disorder would most likely...
Steal someone’s watch at a party
Cry after shaking someone’s hand
Hide in the closet when a stranger rang the doorbell
Believe the new neighbor was an evil foreign spy
401
The defense mechanism of denial is..
seeing others as possessing a disliked trait or feeling
preventing perception of a painful or threatening reality as it's occurring
keeping unwanted feelings, thoughts, and memories below consciousness
redirecting the id's aggression from source to more defenseless targets
402
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
Resistance to physical illness
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
Promotes positive psychological change
403
Positive or Negative Correlation: As shoe size increases, math ability increases
Negative
Positive
404
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects the flow of blood
It detects a BOLD signal
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects the metabolization of glucose
405
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
Cell body
Axon
Myelin sheathing
Dendrite
406
Fear of Snakes. Therapy? Exposing someone gradually to pictures of snakes, rubber snakes, and eventually live snakes.
What is experiential therapy?
What are exposure techniques?
What is a token economy?
What is motivational interviewing?
407
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
threat reactivity
challenge reactivity
chronic stress
fight-or-flight response
408
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
409
The most common anxiety disorder that involves exaggerated worry about life.
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive compulsive disorder
panic disorder
specific phobia
410
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
Words shape the way people think.
All languages share a similar grammar.
411
What debate examines whether behavior and personality traits are determined by internal or external factors?
Stability-Change
Stage-Continuous
Person-Situation
Internal-External
412
The 3 stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin information processing memory model are...
Hippocampus, Thalamus, Amygdale
Input, Process, output
Semantic memory, declarative memory, procedural memory
Sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
413
If congress passed a law that laws that restrict where Muslim women can wear the hijab, this is an example of __ .
explicit racism
symbolic racism
aversive racism
prejudice
414
What is transduction?
Making sense of the outside world
Transforming signals into neural impulses
Sensory stimulation without perception
The stimulation of the senses
415
What is object permanence?
A child can see other peoples viewpoints
The child knows how to play with hot wheels
A child can successfully stack blocks
A child knows an item exists when it isn't seen
416
What is External Validity?
The ability to generalize results beyond the context it was carried out
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
Ability to get the same measurement each time instrument is used
The extent to which something does what it claims to do
417
Episodic memory is...
Long-term memory of how to do things
Memory of Doctor Who episodes
Long-term memory of personal events
Long-term memory of knowledge
418
What does chunking mean?
studying in numerous short sessions rather than one large study session
rehearsing the information over and over
referring the information to yourself and your life
grouping information together into smaller groups to increase memory
419
Opponent process theory _______________
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
there are three types of cones.
cannot explain afterimages.
420
What would be an example of normative social influence?
Tina looks around the room to see if others answered like her.
Maddy asks around to confirm her answer with her friends.
Todd let the group answer "A" because they had all agreed.
Billy shaves his head to fit the new "going bald" fad.
421
What scan type would be best for detecting tumors?
EEG
fMRI
PET
CT
422
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
If I see a donut, I can eat one.
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
If I have a donut for breakfast, I must work out.
423
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
424
What is the babbling stage?
Repeated consonant-vowel sounds
Repeated vowel sounds
Two-word statements
One-word statements
425
Latent learning occurs ...
when we observe another person experience consequences for their behavior
when we suddenly realize how to do something
withouteither incentive or any clear motivation to learn
A permanent and lasting change in behavior from experience
426
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
Promotes positive psychological change
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
Resistance to physical illness
427
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Longitudinal
Experimental
Cross sectional
Sequential
428
What is Binocular disparity?
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
two lines converging in the distance
429
What is an authoritarian parent?
Emotionally detached and unloving
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
430
Sensory adaptation refers to
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
431
Which of the following is NOT a part of primary appraisal of stress?
If the event is stressful
If the event is relevant, but not threatening
If the event is irrelevant
Evaluation of coping resources
432
A: Three types of dysfunctional beliefs related to oneself, the world, and the future.
Q: What is rational emotive behavioral therapy?
Q: What is Gestalt therapy?
Q: What is cognitive restructuring?
Q: What is the negative triad?
433
Client-centered therapy does not involve which of the following items?
unconditional positive regard
genuineness
empathy
interpreting dreams
434
Type of consequence: Your ticketed for speeding so your car is taken away
Negative Reinforcement
Negative Punishment
Positive Reinforcement
Positive Punishment
435
What chemical facilitates bonding in humans?
adrenaline
serotonin
dopamine
oxytocin
436
A: A clinical improvement not associated with a clinical intervention.
Q: What is an experimental condition?
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
437
spacing effect
Forgetting what you are saying while you are saying it
Studying over time to yield better long term retention
Repeating information over and over until to stays in LTM
Effects that happen in Space
438
What is self-compassion?
Focusing on the present to be happy
Treating ourselves with forgiveness, concern, and acceptance
Our global evaluation of our self-worth
Potential problems with low self-esteem
439
According to the reminiscence bump, which event would someone be most likely to remember?
graduating from college
a typical breakfast last week
their fourth birthday
learning to walk as a baby
440
What is neuroplasticity?
Our brains’ ability to reinvent and rewire itself
Our brains' ability to adapt by learning new things
The formation of new neurons in the brain
The way that new thoughts are formed
441
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
behavior; repeated
magnitude; repeated
behavior; pleasant
magnitude; unpleasant
442
Positive or Negative Correlation: As the number of missed classes increases, total points decreases.
Negative
Positive
443
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
Doing what another person does
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
Christmas occurring each year
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
444
_ is a notion of the self as stable entity distinct from others; whereas, _ is defined by connections to other people
Interdependent self-construal ; independent self-construal
Independent self-construal ; interdependent self-construal
Interdependent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
Independent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
445
What is attachment?
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
446
Sympathetic activity includes
decreased heart rate
slowed breathing
pupil dilation
bronchial constriction
447
In the general aggression model, all of the following are factors that contribute to acts of aggression.
personality
a history of aggressive actions
triggering events
impulsivity of response
448
What does a MRI measure?
electrical activity in the brain
internal structures of brain
metabolization of glucose
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
449
What is a scientific Theory?
measurements and data in support of a scientific explanation
a testable prediction about how the world will behave
well-developed set of ideas that propose explanation for observed phenomena
description of a specific relation of real world conditions
450
A study with many confounds has
poor external validity
poor internal validity
poor re-test reliability
poor construct validity
451
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
452
What is the tip of tongue phenomenon?
having more than 1 answer at a time
losing access to all past memory
failing to retrieve a word from memory
inability to form new memories
453
Retroactive Interference is...
When older memories interfere with forming new ones
When you lose access to old memories after an accident
When you cannot form new memories after an accident
When new memories interfere with recalling older ones
454
The fovea is made up of__________.
all rods and no cones
mostly cones with some rods
mostly rods with some cones
all cones and no rods
455
A split brain is caused by a severed...
Corpus Callosum
Medulla
Cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
456
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
Someone's opinion
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
457
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
increased risk for health problems
intellectual disabilities
strong emotional reactivity
delays in motor development
458
Which of the following would a psychologist study?
The genetic link between prenatal smoking and ADHD
The way that the human mind influences behavior
The evolution of human beings
The impact of one social group on another social group
459
What is puberty ?
beginning of adulthood marked by egocentricism
end of childhood and point when reproduction is possible
end of childhood when you have problems with emotional regulation
beginning of adulthood and few significant changes happen
460
Jose is very organized, and he schedules everything in his life. Jose is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
conscientiousness
extroversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
461
What is an algorithm?
The number of pixels in an inch
A problem solving formula that provides step by step instructions
A rule of thumb or mental shortcut
A way to solve a problem where you guess and if wrong, keep guessing
462
What is the main function of an inter neuron?
sends impulses to muscles
remove waste, debris, and excessive neurotransmitters
receive impulses from senses
carries nerve impulses
463
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
All languages share a similar grammar.
Words shape the way people think.
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
464
What is the belief perseverance?
judging the likelihood of things
the tendency to be more confident than correct
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
465
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
You cannot find your keys
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
466
Which of the following advantages is NOT a specific advantage of Group Therapy?
More clients can be accommodated by a limited number of therapists.
A sense of group belonging, support, and encouragement
Allows therapists to observe & treat problems that emerge in group settings
Being fully present by observing their thoughts, feelings, and sensations
467
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
by the things that happen after a behavior
with the help of peers and experts
by observing and imitating
when two events co-occur
468
What is the just noticeable difference?
Smallest amount of change needed before we detect a change.
The only thing that is detected as change
The smallest amount of stimulus we can detect.
A fair change that is noticeable when not paying attention.
469
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Heuristic
Restructuring
Algorithm
Insight
470
What psychological disorder does Bruce Banner (Hulk)?
Major Depressive Disorder
Schizophrenia
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
471
Are the soccer teams in one school district a population sample?
sample
population