Early modernism to modernism

His work culminated in designing the interior of the Palace of Westminster and its renowned clock tower

Utzon's design of this complex of theaters and halls has been called

emerged after World War II but was rooted in the ideas of functionalism and monumental simplicity

Finnish-American architect known for his work with Art Nouveau buildings

Ruskin rejected the classical tradition, seeing it as pagan in derivation and stupefied in revival

received his 1st international commission for the Pavilion of Italian Industry for Expo 70 which was greatly admired by

influential art and design movement

ART DECO Region

most influential urban planner and architect of the 20th century.

one of the founders of the Art Nouveau movement. He was one of Belgium's most accomplished and innovative architects

Finland's most celebrated architect and is sometimes called the "Father of Modernism" in the Scandinavian countries.

was coined by Henry Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson and became the global symbol of modernity. "minimalist"

ORIENTALISM Region

Expressionism germany and netherlands, example

CHICAGO STYLE

became known around the world as an example of Scandinavia's quiet, "rational" nationalism.

BRUTALISM Britain example

admired by Mackintosh because of its restraint and economy of means, simple forms and natural materials

Ruskin's most coherent statement of his architectural theory, expanding his earlier publication.

famous for his restoration of the most prominent medieval landmarks in France.

"God's architect", was a Catalan architect and designer from Spain

Mies called it blank due to their minimal uses of industrial materials

Sullivan's considered as The Father of Skyscrapers and The First Modern Architect.

Vladimir's Often described as a

Both Rogers and Piano were perhaps best known for their collaborative work on the

BEAUX-ARTS (FINE ARTS) region

played a key role in the architectural movements of the 20th century, influencing architects worldwide

the most famous architect of the Chicago School

Eugene was a professor in

Johnson's best-known designs is his modernist Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut.

HIGH-TECH International example

Foster's a key figure in British modernist architecture. known for sleek modern designs of steelandglass. Pritzker Prize

German-British architect known for his Expressionist architecture&for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects

the first director of the architecture department of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York.

the simplification and modulation of form while rejecting the society's bourgeois notion of beauty.

Chinese-American architect who was greatly inspired by Cubism

Foster collaborated with American architect on several projects that became catalysts in the development of an approach

Metabolists conceived a building as a kind of synthesis of organism and machine

the two men decided to open their own firm, Piano and Rogers, where they worked together

associated with the development of high-tech architecture and is recognized as a key figure in British modernist archi.

Viollet-le-Duc wrote over 100 publications on architecture, decoration, history, archeology, etc. throughout his life.

CONSTRUCTIVISM Soviet Union example

Meyer brought his radical functionalist philosophy which he named

INTERNATIONAL STYLE example

known for his use of reinforced concrete and highly complex floor plans.

British textile designer poet artist writer and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts movement.

Wright was the pioneer of the Prairie School movement of architecture and also developed the concept of the Usonian hous

comparing his approach to the growth patterns of nature.

NEW OBJECTIVITY germany example

ESSENTIALISM US example

Wright influencing architects worldwide through his works and hundreds of apprentices in his established school

a leading figure in the direction of architectural rationalism

Danish architect who won international design competition in 1957 for his design of the Sydney Opera House in Australia

English architect with French and Swiss origins. remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style

tall buildings should embrace this characteristic their dominant architectural expression should be one of verticality.

Eero's architectural style can be classified as Neo-Futuristic - meaning it takes an idealistic view

Ludwig became director of the architecture school at what is today called

a group of leading architects working in the city around the tum of the century- is not usually thought of as Modernist

His major creative restoration projects included

sought the radical fusion of art, industry and technology to create a new visual language for everyday life

among the most important figures of Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)

Pei's most iconic structure remains his glass and steel

one of the leaders in a trend toward exploration and experiment in American architectural design

juxtaposed fifteenth-century buildings with contemporary Ones showing the stark differences between the benign charity

pioneer of Modern Architecture and was the founder of the Bauhaus, a revolutionary art school in Germany

known for his role in introducing the International Style into American architecture.

developed in response to the emergence of tall, steel- frame skyscrapers in the 1890s

Wright believed in designing in harmony with humanity and the environment, a philosophy he called

Saarinen's first major work with the firm, the Finnish Pavilion at the Paris 1900 World Fair

an English writer, philosopher, art historian, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era.

Mendelsohn was a pioneer of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne architecture

Fallingwater, one of Wright's best- known works, where he pushed this idea to its limits

Ladovsky considered the main factors influencing shape formation in the following sequence:

Ruskin's advocacy of traditional aesthetic values and craftsmanship was largely taken up by Morris

FUNCTIONALISM Europe, especially Germany and Scandinavia example

Le Corbusier was known for his famous quote

METABOLISM Japan example

Gaudi's known as the greatest exponent of Catalan Modernism

founder of Russian Constructivism

Horta's considered a precursor of modern architecture for his open floor plans.

awarded the RIBA Gold Medal,Thomas Jefferson Medal, the RIBA Stirling Prize, Minerva Medal, and the 2007 Pritzker Prize.

Mendelsohn's work in Germany was undoubtedly the Expressionism movement's greatest work

pioneer of Modern Architecture and was the last director of the Bauhaus

The Villa Savoye, the ultimate embodiment of his 'Five Points' (piloti ribbon window free plan, free façade roof garden)

Mies is often associated with his fondness for the aphorisms

He is often called a blank modernist for the way he moved beyond the rigid glass-box aesthetic

known for combining Modernism with the weight and dignity of ancient monuments.

Meyer also brought the two most significant building commissions for the Bauhaus school

Neutra's most notable works include the

Tatlin is remembered most for his blank a design for the Communist International headquarters

Johnson curated the controversial 1932 show

TOTALITARIAN REACTIONS Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Stalinist Soviet Union example

Placing the building's services in full view is a trademark of Rogers technique that went on to be known as

favored a focus on the timeless, universal qualities of architecture.

Swiss architect and second director of the Bauhaus Dessau

ARTS AND CRAFTS region

High-tech also known as blank where buildings are often called machine-like - with steel, aluminum, and glass