history midterm part 1

neo-assrian king who for the 1st time became sole ruler of mesopotamia and egypt

food foragers, not producers

hurrian, ruled during height of Hurrian power

named for its capital of ashur which is the name of a god

refernce to the hittite pantheon; many of which came from cultures consumed by the hittites

babylonian, expanded kingdom to conquer all of mesopotamia, most known for his code of law

worlds first EMPIRE

larger populations

ruler of neo-babylonian empire, NOTABLE FOR; expansion of empire, conquest of judah and building program in babylon

aggressive seafarers, invaded the Eastern Mediterranean, contributed to collapse of Bronze Age

nomadic bands of 25-50 people

what 2 groups invaded Egypt in the 2nd Intermediate period?

what is a “great king”

writing system in Egypt that primarily uses pictures of objects as its signs for words and sounds

believing in multiple gods (sumerians, akkadians, assyrians, hittites, egyptians, phoenicians, and babylonians)

in egyptian thought, the “life force” of an individual

according to the biblical narrative, what is canaan

highly egalitarian (fair/just)

mixture of copper and tin

assyrian king who expanded empire and had a large library

old kingdom pharoah who built the first step pyramid

reed plant that grew wild along the nile, used for paper making in ancient egypt

best known for its hammurabi’s code of law (eye for an eye)

establishment of permanent settlements and agricultural societies

2nd king of Israel who made Jerusalem the capital

which of the following are not one of the 8 features of civilization?

region along the eastern mediterranean occupied by the phoenicians, collection of states, not unified

non-sematic & non-indo-europen language, established kingdom of Mitanni, rival of Egyptian & Hittite empire

which is the last period of egyptian history (chronologically)

which is the THIRD period of egyptian history (chronologically)

which is the first period of egyptian history (chronologically)

myths/stories that explain how the universe came into being and how humans came into exist

son of David, 3rd king of Isreal who built temple of Yahweh(God) in Jerusalem

title for the kings of egypt, derived from the hebrew bible

Assyrian, contemporary(lived at the same time as) Hammurabi; conquered a large empire through military conquest

capital of the kingdom of isreal during the divided monarchy, sacked by assyria in 6th century

name for hittite kingdom, territory in central anatolia around hattusa (the capital)

stone from the 18 century, 3 inscriptions (hieroglyphics, demotic and ancient greek) allow us to translate hieroglyphics

immigrants to egypt from west asia, took power in 2nd intermediate period as pharaohs and brought several innovations

what is a theocracy

kingdom of the hurrians, located in western syria and southeastern anatolia, capital of wassuhukanni

hittite, greatest hittite king, conquered mitanni (hurrians)

succession of rulers from the same bloodline or family

time in which a civilization undergoes a decline often accompanied by a lack of information (ex: hittite middle kingdom)

egyptian word for “truth, order, balance, harmony”; pharoahs were tasked with maintaining this

state with political and economic control over surrounding countryside, basic units of sumerian civilization

building materials used across mesopotamia due to shortages of steel and wood

a state that includes many nationalities, different languages, and different traditions, ruled by one person

massive stepped tower where a temple was built(dedicated to chief god(ess) of that city)

Hittite, fought battle of Quadesh against Ramses ||

new kingdom pharoah who ttok power, one of few female

occupied the coast of the levant, made of independent rival cities, founded trading posts, and known for red-purple dye

increased human impact on environment

new kingdom pharaoh notable for his fight with the hittites(quadesh), moved capital to per-ramses and built monuments

period in jewish history where a number of peoples from the kingdom of judah were captives in the neo-babylonian empire

the historical periods we have studied in order are; paleolithic, mesolithic, neolithic, calcolithic, bronze and iron

modern day term for the decline and fall of major mediterranean civilization, cause is still debated

founded the third dynasty of ur, began sumerian renaissance

belief in the existance of one god, defining feature of isrealite religious practice

which is the 4th period of egyptian history (chronologically)

first civilization, invention of the wheel + cunieform

greek for “between the rivers”, name for the tigris + euphrates river valleys and the region between them

writing system of “wedge shaped” elements, 1st developed to write sumerian, layer adapted to other languages

biblical personality, led isrealites out of slavery(exodus), recieved the ten commandments

which is the second period of egyptian history (chronologically)

22 character phoenician script that revolutionized writing, notable for its simplicity (comparatively)

man described in the hebrew bible as the patriarch of the isrealites

what is the order of the periods of hittite history

Hittite, first clearly attested Hittite king, chooses Hattusa as the new capital

phoenician style of ship with two sets of oars on each side

member of nomadic people who live by hunting, fishing, and harvesting wild food (food foragers)

hittite language

what is tyrian purple

what is exodus

first king of Isreal who often fought against the Philistines

synonym for asia minor or the entire asiatic portion of the modern republic of turkey, where the hittites lived

sumerian renaissance occurs

wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle, used in war, spoked wheels made it lighter and more maneuverable

battle between new kingdom egypt(ramses ||) and the hittite empire(muwatalli ||), both sides say they won

Akkadian, sargon’s grandson, extended empire to its greatest extent; “King of the Four Quarters”

usurps Akkadian throne, goes on to conquer sumer and more, world’s first empire

inequalities in societies

famine for abraham+family, exodus, united, divided monarchy, isreal falls to assyrians& judah falls to babylon, cyrus ||

stronger than bronze, the hittites used it 1st, good for military

the egyptian periods are; old kingdom, 1st intermediate period, middle kingdom, 2nd intermediate period, new kingdom

ruler of the persian empire who conquered babylon in 6th century BCE

action/process of settling among and imposing control over the indigenous people of an area

spoke indo european language, lived around Hattusa, large empire in Hatti which will be rival of egyptian new kingdom

the acronym WAFT stands for the reasons that many civilizations develop along rivers, what does it stand for?

nile delta area north of Cairo; comes from the low land where the nile enters the Mediterranean

family of languages that includes nesite as well as the various groups of european languages

what geographic feature(s) provided protection to Egypt?

new kingdom boy king notable for return of old kingdom and remarkable survival of his nearly intact tomb

first pharoah of a unified egypt

portion of nile valley from the first cataract to the beginning of the delta; south of lower egypt

what were the two most powerful phoenician cities

transition made by many cultures from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement

which occupation were the phoenicians best known for

vizier of the pharoah Djoser, ancient/engineer of the 1st pyramid

place in a river (especially the nile) where there’s rapids + waterfalls