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Mod World History Final SG, pt 1/2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Mod World History Final SG, pt 1/2
Mod World History Final SG, pt 1/2
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Study guide for Modern World History Final Part 1/2, this covers chapters 10, 11, 12, & 13.
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1
According to mercantilists, what was the purpose of colonies?
to provide inexpensive resources and raw materials to parent countries
to reduce competition and tariffs
to export manufactured goods to parent countries
to import luxuries from parent countries at discounted prices
2
How did the printing press impact the Reformation?
It increased the power of the Roman Catholic Church.
It allowed Luther to write the 95 Theses.
It encouraged the use of Latin as the common language.
allowed the idea of religious reformers to spread quickly among many people
3
Why was there such a high death rate during the Middle Passage?
Many ships were sunk by pirates and privateers.
Africans were branded and separated from their families.
The captains of slave ships were poor navigators.
Africans died of diseases and mistreatment.
4
Catherine the Great continued Peter the Great’s policies by
destroying the wealth and privileges of the nobility
Forcing the Russian nobility to shave their beards
allying with Poland to expand Russia’s European territories
acquiring new territory and expanding serfdom
5
Isaac Newtons contributions to science are referred to as the "Newtonian Revolution" because he
used physics, math & astronomy to explain planets movement
was responsible for advances in all the fields of science
developed the laws of geometry that are still used today.
disproved Ptolemaic belief that the sun revolve around Earth
6
The chief goal of the Congress of Vienna was to
preserve peace through a balance of power.
establish a republic in France.
combine France and Prussia.
restore Napoleon to the throne.
7
The Napoleonic Code was a reform of France's
economic system
political system
legal system
educational system
8
Spain's seizing control of the Philippines caused the Tokugawa shoguns to
Limit Buddhist practices and celebration of seasonal festivals
persecute Japanese Christians and ban European traders
Encourage diplomatic and trade activities with the Dutch
Dispatch an ambassador to Rome to learn about Christianity
9
What was one way that James Watts steam technology contributed to the industrial revolution?
Steam engines improved the shipping of goods and raw materials
Steam engines powered the flying shuttle which weaved clothes faster
Steam engines helped miners gather more coal to power factory machines
The water frame used steam to help speed up spinning thread
10
Which best describes the impact of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
It protected the feudal privileges of the First Estate.
It represented a compromise between the monarch and radicals.
abolished the monarchy and set up a republic
It put into practice ideals of the Enlightenment.
11
The colonies of New France expanded into a vast territory, but grew slowly due to
the difficulty of moving through the dense wilderness along the east coast.
France’s focus on receiving revenues from imported goods and taxes.
England’s obstruction of French trade routes along the Mississippi River.
the difficulty of farming in the Canadian climate.
12
Which of the following did Francis Bacon stress, which helped develop the scientific model?
Earth as the center of the universe
Human reasoning and understanding
Experimentation and observation
The physical world and the teachings of the Church
13
Why did Austria shift alliances in the mid-1700s?
Austria saw Prussia as an ally against the Ottomans.
Austria sought to create united German state after the Peace of Westphalia
Austria was afraid of Britain’s expanding power in North America.
Austria began to see Prussia as the biggest threat to its power
14
Which of the following BEST describes Peter the Great's approach toward westernization?
He imposed French language and customs on the Russian court.
He upheld Russian tradition and introduced western ways gradually.
He shrewdly gained the support of boyars before introducing western ways.
He used autocratic power to introduced rapid change.
15
How Did Frances Radical Revolutionaries Try To Protect The Revolution?
By Dealing Harshly With Enemies Of The Revolution
By Compromising With The Monarchy
By Seeking Peace With Neighboring Countries
By Writing A New Constitution
16
What happened to England's government after the English Civil War?
Parliament continued the republic Cromwell had established.
Parliament established a direct democracy.
Parliament invited Charles II to return to power.
Parliament gave ruling power solely to itself.
17
Which of the following groups was at the top of the social hierarchy in colonial Spain?
peninsulares
mulattoes
creoles
mestizos
18
What was the major reason European nations sponsored voyages of exploration starting in the 1400s?
to gain control of the Atlantic slave trade
to bypass trade routes controlled by Italian and Muslim merchants
to create more accurate maps of the world
to conquer and colonize China and India
19
What did the priest Johann Tetzel do that prompted Luther to take action?
Tetzel sold indulgences, promising buyers an assured entry into heaven
Tetzel sold Bibles printed in Latin
Tetzel challenged Luther to defend his 95 Theses in public
Tetzel accused Luther of heresy
20
Why did Matteo Ricci make such a strong impression on the Chinese?
He did not share information about China with Europeans
He offered them knowledge about Renaissance Europe
He did not attempt to convert them to Christianity
He was a Renaissance scholar with limited interest in China
21
King Henry VIII hoped that by breaking with the Catholic Church he would
free Church worship from Catholic rituals.
bring the teachings of Calvin to England.
stop the spread of Protestantism.
end papal authority in England.
22
Why did Portuguese exploration not venture far from Africa’s coasts?
They followed orders from the government to stay along the coasts.
They lacked accurate maps to help them explore the interior.
They faced opposition from Spanish explorers farther inland
They found plenty of gold and other resources along the coasts.
23
Louis Pasteur helped improve public health by
applying germ theory to combat disease.
encouraging new surgical practices.
improving conditions in hospitals.
finding a cure for tuberculosis.
24
What belief was shared by all the important scientists of the Scientific Revolution?
that science and religion were always in conflict
that traditional methods of research were right, but need greater accuracy
ancient philosophers were correct in their observations of laws of nature
that truth is only achievable through a process of inquiry and observation
25
Which problems led to the overthrow of the Directory?
war, political weakness, and corruption
the rising power of the Church
the exploitation of the people by the aristocracy
the Reign of Terror
26
Why did James I not want to work with Parliament?
He wanted to create a limited monarchy.
He did not agree with the policies of the prime minister.
He wanted to strengthen the Church of England.
He believed in the absolute power of kings.
27
Which of the following is an example of a theocracy?
a government run by elected representatives
a government run by divine monarchs
a government run by religious leaders
a government run by citizens of all religions
28
How did Qianlong justify his interactions with the West?
learned from Western scholars because he felt that education was valuable.
limited Western influences because he felt China was stronger without them.
negotiated with Western countries because he wanted to make China powerful.
dealt with Western traders because he felt he owed his success to them.
29
Based on the text, which statement BEST describes William Shakespeare'sgenius as a writer?
he always pressed for social reforms
he expressed universal themes in everyday settings
he rejected ideal societies of peace and harmony
he explored radical ideas and institutions
30
Which of Calvin’s beliefs set him apart from Catholics?
acceptance of religious rituals
papal infallibility
predestination
link between personal wealth and salvation
31
How did Henry IV help reunite France after the Wars of Religion?
He had the Huguenots expelled from France.
He built a new royal palace at Versailles.
He converted to Catholicism+granted rights to the Huguenots
He revoked the Edict of Nantes.
32
Why was Napoleon unable to successfully establish a French empire in Europe?
Most European governments did not believe in monarchies.
Most nations wanted to establish a system of joint rule, Napoleon refused.
Most nations’ people resented the imposition of French culture.
He was an unsuccessful leader
33
Which of the following statements best explains the conditions that led to the Reign of Terror?
The Jacobins had lost influence in the Legislative Assembly.
The Directory had limited power.
The Jacobins and Committee of Public Safety had absolute power.
Napoleon Bonaparte had taken control of the Directory.
34
Anabaptists believed that
babies should be baptized immediately after birth.
infants were too young to be baptized.
baptism was a Catholic ritual that Protestants should reject.
infant baptism should be followed by an adult baptism.
35
The viewpoint expressed in this quotation was most directly put into action through the
Napoleonic Code.
corvée.
guillotine.
Constitution of 1795.
36
Which statement best describes how changes in agriculture supported the early Industrial Revolution?
Enclosure movement created a class of unemployed farmeres to move to city
Industrial machinery was needed for dam building and crop rotation.
Growth of canals & railroads made it easier to ship farm products to cities
As farming became more profitable, demand for manufactured goods increased.
37
How were Austria and Prussia similar?
Both were formed by the Peace of Westphalia
Both emerged from the Thirty Years War as strong Catholic states.
Both sought to consolidate power and expand their territory.
Both were ruled by the Hohenzollern family.
38
Which development helped improve working conditions in mines & factories during the late 1800s?
the introduction of the assembly line
the rise of the middle class
the formation of monopolies
the growth of labor unions
39
How were the Aztec and Inca empires impacted by Spanish conquistadors and Europeancolonization?
Conquistadors made peace with the empires, then Europeans set up colonies.
The Aztec and Inca banned both conquistadors and European settlers.
Conquistadors destroyed the empires, then Europeans built new settlements.
The Aztec and Inca empires shrank and survived only into the 1700s.
40
The Council of Trent is important because it _____
reinforced that people could still reach salvation through Protestantism.
began the process of change that became the Catholic Reformation.
brokered a peace between Protestants and Catholics in Europe.
established that the Bible was the only source of religious truth.
41
How did Napoleon's invasion of Russia affect his empire?
The disastrous retreat was the beginning of the end for Napoleon
Russia's defeat greatly enlarged the French empire
Russia chose to ally with France again
Britain decided to switch sides in its alliance
42
Which of the following was a characteristic of Protestantism but not Roman Catholicism?
lavish churches.
confession
Bibles in the vernacular
exommunication
43
The Declaration of Independence stated that governments were formed to
protect each individual's natural rights.
provide a nation with stability.
insure complete equality among all citizens.
protect the power of monarchs.
44
How did France’s social divisions in the late 1700s contribute to the French Revolution?
All of the estates in France believed the government should be changed.
Members of the Second demanded significant social and financial reform.
Members of the 1st believed those in the 2nd should have greater rights and
Members of the Third were dissatisfied with social and economic inequality.
45
With which statement would Enlightenment thinker John Locke have agreed?
People have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights.
Monarchy is necessary because people are naturally cruel and selfish.
The Glorious Revolution violated the rights of the English people.
An enlightened absolute monarchy is the best way to ensure orderly society.
46
Britain, France, and the Netherlands resented the Treaty of Tordesillas because it
gave Portugal exclusive trading rights in Asia.
encouraged privateers to attack treasure ships.
forced them to go to war with Spain.
divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal.
47
The control of most trade between Asia and Europe in the 1400s by Arab and Italian merchants caused
Europeans outside Italy to search for direct access to Asia.
Renaissance curiosity to spark a major religious revival in Europe.
Europeans outside Italy to seek direct access to North Africa.
disruption in trade of luxury goods brought overland to Europe.
48
Petrarch’s work displayed typical Renaissance characteristics because he
revived an interest in medieval scholarship.
used the technique of perspective.
studied poets and playwrights.
valued education and classical learning.
49
Which statement describes a characteristic of the free enterprise system that expanded in Europe in the 1500s?
Most businesses were freed from burdensome bank loans with interest.
Most businesses were owned and regulated by governments.
Most businesses had to follow rules established by churches and town guilds
Most businesses were privately operated by risk-taking entrepreneurs.
50
What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution on education?
Universities began stressing science and engineering.
Children from every social class were required to go to high school.
The literacy rate sharply decreased.
All women went to high school and college.
51
Leaders of the temperance movement argued than a ban of alcohol would lead to
An increase in the number of workers who could read and write
increased property rights for women
A decrease in domestic violence
Greater employment oppurtunities for women in factories
52
What factor helped Britain become a global power in the 1700s?
low national debt
Mercantilism
alliance with France
territorial expansion
53
How did the dominant European nations try to maintain a balance of power in the 18th century?
They suppressed all uprising by their people
They formed a series of alliances
They posted their armies along their borders
They agreed to be ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor
54
In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that
freely elected governments should make economic decisions.
the state should regulate foreign trade to insure national wealth
government power should be divided into three branches
the free market should regulate business activity
55
What theme did Machiavelli address in his book The Prince?
becoming ideal men and women
creating a just and peaceful society
. developing multiple talents
gaining and maintaining power
56
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to Enlightenment
encouraged people to use reason
extended natural rights
the Enlightenment led to the Scientific Revolution
gave Monarchs more power
57
How did the Directory’s actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte?
The Directory wanted to restore the monarchy.
The Directory was weak and corrupt.
The Directory had supported the Reign of Terror.
The Directory was well regarded by the population.
58
This quotation is most likely an excerpt from which of the following books?
An Essay on the Principle of Population
The Communist Manifesto
On the Origin of Species
The Wealth of Nations
59
How did the Atlantic slave trade contribute to the rise of some African states?
Some African groups moved inland to avoid the slave trade.
Europeans brought some African leaders to Europe to teach them how to be ki
Europeans encouraged African empires to fight against each other
Some African states participated in slave trading to gain wealth and power
60
Which idea most shaped middle class home life during the later Industrial Revolution?
laissez-faire economics
Social Darwinism
the social gospel
the cult of domesticity
61
Why did Columbus reach the Caribbean islands rather than the East Indies?
was unaware that Earth is a sphere, did not pursue his plan of sailing west
underestimated the size of Earth, did not realize that the Americas existed
did not know that he sailed far off course until he landed near Argentina
He ran out of food and water and landed too soon
62
Which statement best describes child labor during the early years of the Industrial Revolution?
Child labor did not exist before the Industrial Revolution.
Laws kept children from working in dangerous mines and factories
Most child laborers spent part of each day in school
Mines and textile factories employed large numbers of children.
63
The Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact because
they wanted to make sure all men and women had the right to vote.
they wanted to set some guidelines for governing their colony.
there were royal officials onboard who required a constitution.
they needed to establish their religious beliefs before landing.
64
Socialism is based on the belief that
governments should interfere in business only to prevent harm.
middle class will unite and rule over the workers.
Industrialization is an evil that must be stopped.
the means of production should be shared by everyone in society.
65
What is the main reason the “putting-out” system gave way to the factory system in the British textile industry?
factory system allowed employers to hire women and children
factory system allowed more cloth to be produced at a lower cost
factory system produced better quality cloth
factory system did not require a natural supply of water power
66
Which statement best reflects the values of the social gospel movement?
"A woman’s place is in the home."
"Survival of the fittest is the key to all progress."
"Feed the hungry and comfort the sick."
"Workers of the world, unite!"
67
The discoveries of astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo
were supported by most scientists of the time.
established that the universe was sun-centered, or heliocentric.
reinforced most of the traditional teachings of philosophers + the Church.
proved that ancient philosophers were correct about the universe working
68
What was an effect of the movement of foods like corn and potatoes from the WesternHemisphere to the Eastern Hemisphere?
Foods from the Americas never became widely grown in Africa.
Foods from the Americas contributed to population growth around the world.
Foods from Europe did not grow well in the Old World and famine resulted.
Foods from Americas contributed to rise in food prices around the world.
69
How did Balboa’s search for a direct route to Asia differ from Magellan’s voyage?
Balboa crossed Panama; Magellan sailed around the world.
Balboa found the Spice Islands; Magellan was shipwrecked.
Balboa found Cuba; Magellan sought a “northwest passage.”
Balboa reached the Caribbean; Magellan first saw the Pacific.
