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Amber: 203 LA 7 Flashcards | StudBud
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Amber: 203 LA 7
Amber: 203 LA 7
50 terms
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1
In congenital heart disease, cyanosis is not always a clinical sign
True
False
2
What are the priority nursing actions when administering chlorothiazide to a child diagnosed with heart failure (HF)?
Monitor serum electrolytes and daily weight
Measure pulse for 1 minute and review ECG
Monitor intake and output and encourage periods of rest
Hold dose if patient vomits & until HCP writes order to repeat dose
3
Stage 2 HTN medication involves:
ARB (atacand) or thiazide diuretic
ACE inhibitors (captopril)
CCB (felodipine)
Beta blocker (metoprolol)
4
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is a blood test to measure antibodies against streptolysin O
True
False
5
What is the DASH diet?
Used to stop HTN: plant based diet, ↑ fruits/vegs & low fat milk products
Used to stop ASD: plant based diet, ↑ fruits/vegs & low fat milk products
Used to prevent RF: plant based diet, ↑ fruits/vegs &low fat milk products
6
Low dose aspirin is usually prescribed for 6months after repair of ASD.
False
True
7
Nurse is doing VS of infant admitted with signs of respiratory distress. Which observations should be reported to HCP?
RR is 35 breaths per min
Cyanosis of lips
Blood pressure is higher in legs than arms
Blood pressure is lower in legs than arms
8
Which disorder causes unoxygenated blood to enter the systemic arterial circulation?
Coarctation of the aorta
Atrial stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
9
What are nursing inventions for RF?
Frequent small feedings
Padded side rails
Education on obesity
Good oral care
10
Which defects are associated with tetralogy of Fallot?
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
Ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary artery stenosis
Dextroposition of the aorta
11
Many children with small defects may have spontaneous closure during first year of life within VSD
True
False
12
What is the peak incidence of RF?
6months-12yrs
1-15years
1-12yrs
5-15years
13
If a child has RF & develops rheumatic carditis what would a nurse find from their assessment?
Soft heart murmur
Excessive thirst
Poor appetite & moderate anemia can develop
Irregular/Low grade fever & pale
14
Infant has tetralogy of fallot, experiencing tet spell involving cyanosis & dyspnea. What position should infant be in?
Trendelenburg
Prone
Fowler
Knee Chest
15
What is the difference between primary & secondary HTN?
primary HTN is when no known underlying disease is present
primary HTN when disease process explains increased BP
secondary HTN is when no known underlying disease is present
secondary HTN when disease process explains increased BP
16
What will the nurse observe for after heart surgery on an baby with Teralogy of Fallot?
RF
ASD
Irregular heart beat post op
HF
17
How is hypertension defined in children?
Blood pressure over 140/90 & blurred vision
Systolic or diastolic bp that falls at or over 95th percentile
Blood pressure over 140/90
Loss of awareness
18
What heart issues would a nurse expect for lasix (Furosemide) to be used?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Systemic Hypertension
Heart Failure
Rheumatic Fever
19
What are ASD symptoms?
A loud, harsh murmur
Often no symptoms
Heart murmur
Confusion & altered LOCs
20
Which observation indicates that a infant with heart failure (HF) is carefully following the prescribed medical regimen?
The child exhibits normal weight for age.
The child takes antibiotics daily.
The child’s pulse rate is less than 50 beats/minute.
The child has an elevated RBC count.
21
What is true about "tet" spells?
Can last few minutes to few hours and followed by lethargy & sleep
Occur during first 2yrs of life who have tetralogy of fallot
Involves administration of an bronchodilator such as salbutamol
An S&S of Rheumatic fever
22
Several S&S are common in most infants with congenital cardiac problems. What should the nurse report?
Failure to thrive/poor weight gain
Irregular pulse rate & tachypnea/dyspnea
Excessive perspiration
Visible pulsations in neck veins
23
Symptoms of RF range from mild to severe and may not occur until how many weeks affect a strep throat infection?
2-4 weeks
1-6 weeks
24
Abnormal opening between right & left atria, blood that already contains oxygen is forced into left atrium back to right
Ventricalur Septal Defect (VSD)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Coarctation of aorta
25
Which can best prevent RF?
Keeping children with fever home
Treating all colds with antibiotics
Having sore throats cultured as soon as possible
Keeping children with sore throats home from school
26
Angiocardiography is used in congenital heart disease. How is best described?
Radiopaque catheter is put into heart chambers &contrast medium is injected
Useful in diagnosing coarctation if the aorta
Abnormal communications in heart can be observed
Method of following the passage of blood through the heart & great vessels
27
Erythromycin can be used for RF if patient is sensitive to penicillin
False
True
28
Bradycardia may be a sign that cardiovascular arrest is imminent in children with hypoxia
True
False
29
Movement that causes involuntary, irregular, unpredictable muscle movements
is an manifestation of RF. What is the term
Carditis
Erythema marginatum
Chorea
Subcutaneous nodules
30
Erythema marginatum is an manifestation of RF. What is it?
Swelling over joints
Red skin lesions staring on trunk & spreading peripherally
Involuntary movements of extremities
Tender and painful joints
31
A loud, harsh murmur combined with a systolic thrill is an characteristic of which defect?
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
32
Which diagnostic test is a standardized diagnostic test for rheumatic fever?
WBC count
Antistreptolysin O titre
Sedimentation rate (checks inflammation in body)
ECG
33
Examples of congenital heart diseases include the following expect:
Ventricular septal defect
Teratology of fallot
Atrial septal defect
Heart failure
34
What is the DASH used for?
ASD & VSD
HF
RF
Hypertension
35
What is the medication of choice for antibacterial therapy when treating a child with RF?
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin
36
ASD treatment involves surgery. If children are untreated what are they at risk for?
Concussion
Cyanosis
Stroke
Rheumatic Fever
37
ACE inhibitors can be prescribed for first line treatment of HF (Captopril, enlalpril & lisinopril)
False
True
38
How does RF impact the heart?
Theres destruction of connective tissue, causing scaring of mineral valves
As it is a defect there is an abnormal opening between right & left atria
Allows blood that hasn't passed through lungs to enter aorta & circulation
As there becomes an opening between right & left ventricles of heart
39
Besides antibacterial therapy when treating a child with RF, what are other nursing care measures?
Physical/mental rest & relief of pain & fever
Assessing skin frequently
Good oral hygiene
Mgmt of HF (if indicated)
40
VSD treatment: open heart surgery performed under hypothermia & heart-lung bypass closed with sutures or synthetic patch
False
True
41
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common heart anomaly. What is the patho?
Opening between right & left atria
Scarring mitral valves of heart
Allows blood that hasn't passed through lungs to enter aorta & circulation
Opening between right & left ventricles of heart
42
What can occur in a "tet" spell?
Weakness & syncope (passing out) can occur
Blurred vision
Spontaneous cyanosis
Respiratory distress
43
What is the treatment & nursing care of heart failure for infants/children?
DASH diet
Reducing work of heart & improve RR by positioning & O2 administration
Formulas with increased caloric density
Medications such as digoxin, ACE inhibitors & diuretics (furosemide)
44
Which signs indicate congenital cardiac problems? (
Select all that apply.
)
Clubbing of fingers
Bradycardia
Pulsations in neck veins
Dyspnea & Tachypnea
45
Signs & symptoms of Teralogy of Fallot include:
Cyanosis & hypoxia
Iron deficiency
Clubbing
Edema
46
When giving digoxin to infant, the med should be withheld & HCP notified in which situations?
Infant is dyspneic
Pulse rate is below 100 bpm
Pulse rate is below 60 bpm
RR above 40 breaths per min
47
Early signs of HF in infants should be reported include the following:
Sudden weight gain
Sweating around scalp & forehead
Fatigue during feeding
Tachycardia at rest
48
Which tests/examinations confirm diagnosis of ASD?
Cardiac catheterization
Echocardiography (Echo)
Chest X ray
ECG
49
Which symptoms are indicative of rheumatic fever (RF)?
Peeling skin
Chorea
Migratory polyarthritis
Abdominal pain
50
Child receiving digoxin for diagnosis of HF. Which manifestation does the nurse recognize as sign of digoxin toxicity?
Constipation
Sudden change in pulse
Headache
Respiratory distress
