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A2 ICT Revision Flashcards | StudBud
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A2 ICT Revision
A2 ICT Revision
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Revision for A2 ICT
Flashcards
82 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
Data Consistency is?
Storing an item of data more than once
The correctness and accuracy of the data
Using one file (table) to hold a central pool of data
Data is stored separately from the applications which use it
2
2 advantages of dial-up?
Can be used anywhere there is a phone line
Cheap phone calls can be made using the Internet
Web cams and video conferencing can be used
Might be cheaper as only have to pay when you are using it
3
2 disadvantages of distributed computing?
Don't need to have a super computer
Security and privacy of data are compromised
Heavily reliant on networks and communications to work
Fewer network admins required
4
3 factors to take into account when designing a security policy?
Logical security
Impact of data breach on the organisation
Physical security
Code of conduct and responsibilities
5
3 Advantages of Teleworking to Employees?
Employees do not have to live close to work
Increased staff motivation /reduced stress levels for staff
Savings in journey to work time and travel cost
Ideal for disabled people
6
Emails are an insecure method of communication - how could it be made more secure?
Send them through a firewall
Any attachments could be backed up remotely
They can be encrypted
An audit log could be kept
7
2 disadvantages of client-server networks?
Hardware dependant: server failure = network stops working
Slower to access programs and data
Requires expensive hardware (servers)
Centralised administration makes network tasks harder
8
DRP: Why is Cost a factor when designing a DRP?
They must set a budget for it
They need access to emergency funds if a disaster occurs
Software licences will cost more after a data disaster
They must have credit with a computer supplier
9
Logs / auditing allows network admins to see what 3?
What machine they logged into / changes made to files
Why they logged into the machine
Who the user is because of their unique username
When the users logged on / off
10
3 deliberate threats to data are?
Sabotage
Vandalism
Terrorism
Natural Disasters
11
3 advantages of a ring topology?
Easily add new devices to the ring
Data travels in 1 direction only avoiding data collisions
Very high transmission rates are possible
There is no dependence on a central computer
12
2 disadvantages of videoconferencing?
Subtle communications between people can be lost
Not everyone likes appearing on video / cam
Technical, compression and signal problems can occur
Risk of hacking of the live "stream"
13
Data Integrity is?
Tables linked together by primary and foreign keys
Using one file (table) to hold a central pool of data
Data stored separately from the applications which use it
The correctness and accuracy of the data
14
3 uses of HCI by disabled people could be?
Braille Keyboards for input and Braille printers for outputs
Blow-pipes used to enter commands
Really big buttons on the keyboard
Magnification of the screen
15
What is SETI and what is their purpose?
They creates signals to send into deep space
They search for intelligent life outside the Earth
They are given data by NASA from Voyager probes
They use radio telescopes to scan narrow-bandwidth signals
16
An example of On-screen Help (design considerations)?
Ensure that all navigation buttons are the same
Speeds things up if each page looks the same
Wizards should be provided to ‘step through’ complex tasks
So that it conveys who the organisation is
17
3 accidental threats to data are?
Accidental altering of data
Natural disasters
Poor Training of Staff
Vandalism
18
3 advantages of a star topology?
Load Tolerant: extra computers do not hinder performance
No data collisions as each computer has it's own cable
Fault Tolerant: if 1 cable fails, other computers still work
Easy to add extra machines without disturbing the network
19
Data Independence is?
Data is stored separately from the applications which use it
Using one file (table) to hold a central pool of data
The correctness and accuracy of the data
Tables linked together by primary and foreign keys
20
3 Disadvantages of Teleworking to Employers?
Increased telecommunications costs
Initial costs of training and providing suitable equipment
Difficulties in monitoring productivity
Loss of status – no plush office to work in etc
21
Preventative measures for accidental deletion of data?
Offsite Backup
RAID System
Physical security
Audit trails
22
Who is responsible for checking the accuracy of information on the Internet?
Users
Governments
Authors
Website owners
23
3 advantages of eCommerce to customers?
Global market place means customers from around the world
Greater choice of goods from a global marketplace
Ability to order goods 24/7
Allows disabled people to do their own shopping
24
3 advantages of e-Commerce to Businesses
Problems with fraudulent sites
Low start-up and running costs compared to physical stores
Fewer staff needed
Ability to reach customers 24/7
25
2 Disadvantages of e-Commerce to Businesses
Increased competitions from abroad offering cheaper goods
Problems with fraudulent sites
Network downtime can be expensive
Loss of the social pleasure of shopping
26
2 preventative measures for hacking of data?
Encryption
Remote network management
Firewalls
Staff training
27
Data Redundancy is?
Data stored separately from the applications which use it
Tables linked together by primary and foreign keys
The correctness and accuracy of the data
Where you store an item of data more than once
28
3 Factors Influencing the Choice of Networks for an organisation are?
Client-Server or Peer-to-Peer
Performance
How the System will be used
Size of Organisation
29
Code of Conduct: Guidelines it should contain (3)
Respecting rights of others
Methods of physical security to be used
Enforcement of the code of conduct
Abiding by current legislation
30
3 disadvantages of Teleworking to employees?
Less stress– avoiding traffic jams
Home costs such as heating may increase
Social isolation - loss of personal contact with colleagues
Never get to ‘leave the working environment’
31
2 advantages of distributed computing?
Increases the likelihood of finding alien signals
Work can be sent over Internet for processing on computers
People feel like they are involved in the project
Reduces costs as no super computer is required
32
What kind of topology is this?
SETI
Client-Server
Star
Ring topology
33
Video Conferencing: 2 advantages?
Productivity gains: less time travelling, more time working
No waiting at airports, traffic jams etc.
High resolution displays (1080/4K) screens can be used
More flexible working hours
34
3 tasks network managers can do remotely?
Take control of stations
Guide users through problems they may be having
Change usernames and passwords
See which users are using the network
35
Why is Size of the Organisation a factor to consider when choosing a network? (2)
More than 15 computers need a Client-Server
Smaller companies need a LAN
No network manager employed = must have Peer-to-Peer
Global companies need a WAN
36
3 methods of using the Internet?
Hyperlinks and Hotspots
Google
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
Search Engine
37
Moral or legal issue: employee steals data from the company to blackmail them
Legal
Moral
38
Moral or legal issues: employee leaves computer unlocked repeatedly
Moral
Legal
39
What is this diagram an example of?
Client-Server model
Relational database
Ring topology
Star topology
40
3 functions of network management software?
Keep track of software and licenses
Set up and configure network topology
Control access to certain files and programs
Deliver software updates to all connected computers
41
3 advantages of mobile access to the Internet?
Can work around family commitments
Can work from anywhere
Can be more productive because you can do things immediately
Can access emails and the Internet from wherever you are
42
Who owns the Internet?
Nominet
Donald Trump (i.e. the US government)
ISPs such as BT, AT&T etc.
The Internet is for everyone – nobody owns the Internet
43
3 factors to consider in network design?
Differentiation in User Expertise
Size of the organisation
Consistency of Signposting / Pop-up Information
On Screen Help
44
Example of physical security?
Audit trails
Password renewal policy
Code of Conduct
Locks on server rooms
45
Code of Conduct: Definition?
States how an employee can/cannot use IT resources
Rules drawn up by the senior management or their advisers
States how an employer can/cannot use IT resources
Rules drawn up by employees or their advisers
46
2 advantages of FTP?
Allows transfer of files between platforms (Windows to Mac)
Not limited to file size unlike with email attachments
Easier than sending email
Only requires internet access from one party to work
47
2 disadvantages of WiFi?
Never feeling like you are away from work
Limited range
High monthly cost (subscription)
Slower than wired networks
48
3 advantages of broadband over dial-up?
Can watch live TV in full screen, stream radio and movies
Cheaper as monthly subscriptions are used
“Always on” connection-no waiting to connect to the Internet
Broadband does not tie-up your phone line
49
Risk Analysis: which are possible threats to data?
Natural disaster
Cost of the DRP
DPA
Sabotage (hacking)
50
2 potential uses for FTP?
Checking to see who has logged into the network
Uploading sales report from a branch of to the head office
Tracking emails have been sent to the correct recipient
Used for downloading/uploading files to a website
51
3 consequences of data loss to a company?
Costs of recovering data
Loss of business and income
Loss of reputation
Costs of hiring new staff
52
3 advantages of WiFi
Doesn't tie up the phone line
Global standards (802.11) used worldwide
Ideal for old listed buildings where cables cannot be used
Less expensive as no cables are required
53
2 disadvantages of a Ring topology?
If there is a break in the cable, the network stops
Faults are difficult to locate
High chance of data collisions
Expensive as more cabling is required
54
3 disadvantages of e-Commerce to Customers
Sometimes more hassle when returning goods
Network downtime can be expensive
Problems with fraudulent sites
Harder to assess the quality of good before ordering
55
Lists created by governments to restrict access to website for an entire country are called?
Black lists
Green lists
Red lists
White lists
56
An eCommerce site requires trained staff to create the site, a database of orders and?
A fast broadband connection
A database of Stock
Method of Secure Payment / Shopping Trolley
A database of payment methods
57
Consistency of Signposting / Pop-up Information means what?
Wizards should be provided to ‘step through’ complex tasks
Software should be designed with the user in mind
So that it conveys who the organisation is
All navigation buttons such as "home" in the same position
58
What is the primary purpose of a firewall?
Prevents external access to company websites
Prevent unauthorised communication in or out of the network
Lets users open ports to access resources
Allows FTP file transfer over networks
59
Disadvantages of mobile access to the Internet?
No signal = no access
Data usage can be expensive using mobile access
May feel that you are never away from work
Battery drains faster using mobile data
60
A relational database is?
A group of tables linked together by luck
A group of tables linked together by One2Many relationships
A group of tables linked together by primary & foreign keys
A group of tables linked together by IDs & FKs
61
3 steps of a risk analysis?
When will data backups happen
Identify the threats to the system
Short and long term consequences
How likely are these threats to occur
62
3 Advantages of Teleworking to Employers?
Hiring on short term basis or hire only when needed
Improved retention of employees
Savings on office space, furniture and other facilities
Savings in journey to work time and travel cost
63
Factors to consider when designing an appropriate layout for a child learning to read?
Simple vocabulary
Minimal keyboard use
Animation/videos to keep their interest
Minimal text onscreen
64
Why do companies need a Security Policy? (2)
Because of the potential for misuse of their data
Limits the risk of 3rd parties hacking their data
To adhere to the Data Protection Act
To adhere to the Code of Conduct
65
2 disadvantages of broadband?
Broadband might not be available in remote rural areas
Has to be installed by an engineer
Higher monthly subscription charge
More likely to get viruses / spyware
66
Risk Analysis: possible consequences of data loss?
Loss of income
Loss of key staff during a disaster
Loss of data
Loss of repute
67
3 advantages of client-server networks?
Users can choose themselves what data they want to share
Centralised backups: taken regularly and from one location
Centralised data: users access to the same version of data
Better security: 1 person is responsible for it
68
3 advantages of peer-to-peer networks?
Not reliant on a single server (central point of failure)
All users have access to a central pool of data
Cost Saving: No need for a central server
No need to employ a network manager
69
Factors to consider when creating a Disaster Recovery Plan
Data
Cost
Procedures
Communications
70
What 2 things might parents want to stop their children accessing on the Internet?
Violent images or video
BBC bitesize
Pornography
Wikipedia
71
Moral or legal issue: employee installs software licenced for the company at home
Moral
Legal
72
A staged (mathematical) process which removes repeated groups of data and inconsistencies?
Inconsistency
Redundancy
Normalisation
Data Mining
73
What does FTP stand for?
File Transfer Provider
File Transmission Procotol
File Transfer Procedure
File Transfer Protocol
74
Video conferencing: 3 requirements?
Both parties to have Skype installed
Webcam / video camera + microphone
High spec PC (processor, graphics card, memory)
Very high bandwidth connection
75
Distributed Computing is when?
to share data, processing, storage and bandwidth
a series of separate computers are networked together
to speed up the process of data collection
to work on solving the same problem
76
Existing Systems to Integrate is a factor to consider when choosing a network, why?
Departments in the organisation have different requirements
Reduces costs by avoiding wholesale change of hardware
Encryption of sensitive data (transmitted and backups)
Will they require teleworker access to the network?
77
Example of logical security?
Hierarchy of passwords
Disciplinary procedures
RAID data backup systems
Firewall - monitor inbound and outbound communications
78
Definition of FTP - pick 2 sections
A standard set of rules that have been established
Allows the exchange of (large) files over the internet
File Transfer Protocol
Allows the sending of secure emails
79
3 disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks?
Users need more IT knowledge
Only suitable for networks with fewer than 15 computers
No central administration for data / data backups
Have to take the network offline to add new computers
80
DRP: No company can afford to lose its........?
Data
Servers
Staff
Power
81
1 disadvantage of dial-up
Limits its use: downloads take minutes compared to broadband
No global standards (802.11)
More expensive as paying for exact use
Need to use a router
82
Name of the program used by parents to restrict access to the Internet for their children?
NightNurse
NetNurse
NetMonitor
NetNanny
