10 Natural Science - Earth Processes

Question 1

geologic processes acted in the same manner and intensity in the past as they do now; accounts for all geologic change

Accepted Answer

uniformitarianism

Question 2

Fe and Ni are not significant chemicals in the core

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

Invading igneous rock is always younger than the rock it intrudes; an indicator of relative age

Accepted Answer

intrusive relationships

Question 4

Faults are younger than the rocks they cut

Accepted Answer

cross-cutting relationships

Question 5

Formed from ash and lava layers, found at subduction zones, viscous lava, felsic rocks, low temperature

Accepted Answer

composite

Question 6

plates slide past eachother, tension builds up -> earthquakes, appear on divergent boundaries

Accepted Answer

transform boundaries

Question 7

What is the average thickness of the continental crust?

Accepted Answer

30 - 45km

Question 8

gently sloping, runny basaltic lava, gentle eruptions, divergent boundaries, low silica, higher temp,

Accepted Answer

shield

Question 9

The lithosphere temperature is <1300oC

Accepted Answer

True

Question 10

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Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

compression waves, first to arrive at recording station, travel through solids and liquids

Accepted Answer

P waves

Question 12

The continental crust is denser than the ocenaic crust?

Accepted Answer

False

Question 13

continental plates collide, edges crumple, plate are uplifted (mountains), deep rock melts, pressure causing volcanoes

Accepted Answer

continental/continental convergence

Question 14

created from high eruptions that create cinder or ash, smallest, found on flanks, basaltic/andesitic/rhyolitic lava

Accepted Answer

cinder/tephra

Question 15

What are the types of rock in the rock cycle?

Accepted Answer

metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary

Question 16

Which of the physical layers is the thickest (~2800km)?

Accepted Answer

Mesosphere

Question 17

vertical exaggeration = vertical interval / horizontal equivalent

Accepted Answer

False

Question 18

What are the chemical composition categories of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

crust, mantle, core

Question 19

The mantle is made up fo semisolid rock. What chemicals are formed by the silicate rocks in oxide?

Accepted Answer

MgO, SiO2

Question 20

Process of removing earth materials from their original sites to another location through transport

Accepted Answer

erosion

Question 21

fault where rocks are pushed together, causes overhang

Accepted Answer

reverse

Question 22

Which of the following are types of metamorphic rock?

Accepted Answer

marble & gneiss

Question 23

elastic waves in the earth casued by an earthquake

Accepted Answer

seismic waves

Question 24

boundary when two plates are moving away from eachother

Accepted Answer

divergent

Question 25

sudden movement of the earths lithosphere

Accepted Answer

earthquake

Question 26

point on earths surface directly above the focus

Accepted Answer

epicentre

Question 27

Which of the following are types of igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

basalt & granite

Question 28

What are the two categories of igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

intrusive and extrusive

Question 29

Process at or near earths surface that cause rocks and minerals to break down – in the same place

Accepted Answer

weathering

Question 30

The mantle has two regions

Accepted Answer

True

Question 31

the direction of a line formed by the intersection of the dipping bed and a horizontal plane

Accepted Answer

strike

Question 32

the angle of maximum inclination of the bed, always measured perpendicular to the strike

Accepted Answer

dip

Question 33

boundary where plates slide sideways past each other

Accepted Answer

transform

Question 34

Sediments usually form flat-lying deposits on the earth’s surface

Accepted Answer

original horizontality

Question 35

Which of the following chemicals are significant in the crust?

Accepted Answer

Si, Mg, Fe

Question 36

place underground where the movement of rocks uccurs

Accepted Answer

focus

Question 37

both normal faulting and strike-slip faulting, can be reverse, caused by shearing and tension forces

Accepted Answer

oblique

Question 38

Which of the physical layers are &#x27;plastic&#x27; (either semi or solid)

Accepted Answer

Asthenosphere (semi), Mesosphere (solid)

Question 39

What are the three types of volcanoes?

Accepted Answer

composite, cinder/tephra, shield

Question 40

Strata extended in all directions until they thinned at their edges of deposition; matching strata on opposite sides

Accepted Answer

original lateral continuity

Question 41

Which two physical layers are solid?

Accepted Answer

Lithosphere, Inner Core

Question 42

hotter upper mantle, flow like silly putty, viscoelastic solid, not a liquid, plates move about on it

Accepted Answer

asthenosphere

Question 43

Sedimentary rock is formed when:

Accepted Answer

sediment has settled and been compressed

Question 44

horizontal movement, moving in opposite directions, no cliffs or fault scarp

Accepted Answer

transform

Question 45

In undeformed sequences of sedimentary rocks, each bed is younger than the one below it and older than the one above it

Accepted Answer

superposition

Question 46

Plate tectonics are a theory of the dynamics of the outer shell of the Earth

Accepted Answer

True

Question 47

How many layers are there in the earth in terms of physical properties?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 48

Lava is molten rock under the ground

Accepted Answer

False

Question 49

What is the average thickness of the oceanic crust?

Accepted Answer

5 - 8km

Question 50

when the leading edge of an ocenaic crust collides with continental crust, forms trenches

Accepted Answer

oceanic/continental convergence

Question 51

Metamorphic rock is formed when:

Accepted Answer

rock is changed by intense heat and pressure

Question 52

fault where rocks are pulling apart, no overhang

Accepted Answer

normal

Question 53

where the oceanic plate meets another oceanic plate, older plate will sink, creates volcanoes called island arc

Accepted Answer

oceanic/oceanic convergence

Question 54

more silica equals:

Accepted Answer

more viscous lava

Question 55

Explosive eruptions caused by high silica content (viscous) , non-explosive caused by low silica content (runny)

Accepted Answer

True

Question 56

What is density of the mantle?

Accepted Answer

4.5g/cm3

Question 57

An erosion surface within a sequence of flat-lying sedimentary rocks

Accepted Answer

disconformities

Question 58

Igneous rock is formed when:

Accepted Answer

magma cools and makes crystals

Question 59

felsic rocks are dark coloured and low in silica, mafic rocks are light coloured and high is silica

Accepted Answer

False

Question 60

Which of the layers is the most dense, at 12g/cm3?

Accepted Answer

core

Question 61

sheer waves, second to arrive at recording station, only travel through solids

Accepted Answer

s waves

Question 62

Which of the crusts is older? Continental or Oceanic

Accepted Answer

continental

Question 63

Caused by compressional forces, crust moves upwards forming a hill, dome-like

Accepted Answer

anticline

Question 64

Which of the following are types of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

coal & limestone

10 Natural Science - Earth Processes

Questions 77

10 Natural Science - Earth Processes

Questions 77