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Human Behaviour - The Big Quiz Flashcards | StudBud
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Human Behaviour - The Big Quiz
Human Behaviour - The Big Quiz
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#Psychology
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1
One's tendency to place the most importance on 'first impressions'
Attribution
Judgement
Recency
Primacy
2
Assuming that physically attractive people have more positive characteristics, is known as?
spellbound effect
beauty effect
halo effect
cluster effect
3
_____ social influence involves conforming in order to be accepted or to avoid rejection
Nominal
Normative
Informational
Positive
4
What is a formal fallacy?
errors in the arguments content
errors in the structure of an argument
errors in the semantic conclusions of an argument
errors in the semantic premises
5
Maladjustment is seen by Carl Rogers as the result of
rejection and fear of certain archetypes
a discrepancy between the ideal and the real selves
faulty reinforcement determinisms
poor childhood experiences
6
In a double-blind procedure
experimenter knows the experimental condition
Neither the participants nor experimenter know the condition
experimenter and the participant both know the experiment
participant knows what experimental condition they are in
7
How does research suggest family size is related to childhood delinquency?
Childhood delinquency is not related to family size
Large family size is the only cause of childhood delinquency
In large families later born kids tend to be delinquent
In large families earlier born kids tend to be delinquent
8
In systematic desensitisation, fear associated to an object or event is reduced by
counterconditioning and extinction
token rewards
delivery of an aversive consequence
second-order conditioning
9
Drilling holes in an individual's skull in order to release the evil spirits is known as?
phrenology
trephination or trepanning
lobotomy
physiognomy
10
Circumstance determines what percentage of happiness in someone’s life, on average?
40%
10%
50%
20%
11
Which of the following is characteristic of humanistic therapies…
reliance on transference and resistence during therapy
improving the relations between the ego and the superego
eliminating flaws in the self-concept
that unconscious motives source psychological problems
12
Which one is a disorder in which the individual displays more than one distinct personality?
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
depersonalization disorder
13
one reason people and animals help each other is the principle of kin selection. This is when
organism is most likely to help those with most shared genes
organisms help those that perform prosocial acts
organism will likely help those with the most shared habits
organisms are most likely to help potential spouses or mates
14
Cross-cultural research usually has one of 2 perspectives. They are:
Western and Eastern perspectives
Etic and Emic perspectives
Introversion and Extroversion perspectives
Inclucsive and Exclusive perspective
15
____________ are repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images or impulses that invade consciousness
Phobias
Compulsions
Obsessions
Obsessions
16
When behaving in a certain way brings about an expected behaviour in others
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Normative social bias
Cognitive dissonance
Self-serving bias
17
Impairment of memory for events that occur prior to severe head injury is called
retrograde amnesia
selective forgetting
hyperamnesia
anterograde amnesia
18
In Deductive reasoning
We reason from the bottom up
Syllogisms are never used
The conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true
The conclusions represent likelihood, not a certainty
19
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the Big Five personality traits?
agreeableness
conscientiousness
openness
independence
20
Studying in the same classroom as your exams may help your marks. This is because of?
mood-dependent memory
context-dependent memory
state-dependent memory
phonological memory
21
True or False, lottery winners maintain the same level of happiness as when they win the money?
True
False
22
Garner argued to include the idea that there are __________ intelligences
functional
general
multiple
single
23
Problems with diagnostic labelling include
All of the above
lowered moral of the diagnosed person
legal consequences
social stigma
24
_______ refers to overt unfair treatment towards members of a specific group
stereotyping
discrimination
stereotyping
prejudice
25
What is the current emphasis in Aboriginal policy?
Assimilation
Self-management
Mutual obligation
Reconciliation
26
____ bystanders are more likely to help women, whereas ____ bystanders are likely to help equally
Female; male
Old; young
Male; female
Uneducated; educated
27
Shell attributes her failing psychology to the professor's grading policies. Her attitude shows:
unconditional negative regard
Repression
reciprocal determinism
external locus of control
28
Situation-focused prevention is to competency-focused prevention as
randomised clinical trial is to meta-analysis
problem-focused is to emotion-focused
environmental change is to personal change
rational-emotive therapy is to ECT
29
having caffeine while studying and then during the exam, is an example of?
mood-dependent memory
context-dependent memory
phonological memory
state-dependent memory
30
Mary has a relatively low of brain arousal, Eysenck would suggest Mary is an __ who seeks __.
introvert; isolation
introvert; stimulation
extravert; isolation
extravert; stimulation
31
The view that a happy life, means having lots of pleasure and positive emotion, is known as?
Utopia
Eudaimonia
Hedonic
Hypertonia
32
Which theorist/s developed a model identifying 16 basic personality traits?
McCrae & Costa
Hans Eysenck
Albert Bandura
Raymond Cattell
33
One disorder found in Japan is called Taijin Kyofushu. This is a pathologically fearful of
Offending others by not washing one’s hands properly
Cell phones taking over the world
Improperly cooked fish
Offending others by offensive odours, blushing or staring
34
_____ social influence occurs when people believe that others have accurate knowledge
Nominal
Positive
Informational
Normative
35
What three types of intelligence did Robert Sternberg identify?
Intrapersonal, general memory and metacognitive intelligence
Bodily- kinaesthetic, interpersonal & linguistic intelligence
Analytical, practical and creative intelligence
Linguistic, logical-mathematical & visuospatial intelligence
36
_________ are repetitive behavioural responses that can be resisted only with great difficulty
Obsessions
Phobias
Obsessions
Compulsions
37
Confirmation bias is?
tendency to listen to information that agrees with our belief
tendency to listen to information that contradicts our view
predisposition to listen to info that confirms a persons view
predisposition to do the opposite of what someone orders us
38
Impulsivity
Is the personality trait that best predicts antisocial action
Is negatively correlated with criminal behaviour
Is positively correlated with conscientiousness
Does not develop until adolescence
39
Ego is to id as reality principle is to
pleasure principle
personality executive
unconscious forces
collective unconscious
40
Post- WWII, what two goals of psychology were relegated?
studying geniuses and curing mental illness
putting on a green cape and stopping bad things
enhancing lives of normal population and studying geniuses
scientific experimenting and empiricism
41
The mere exposure effect states that
a single exposure to a stimuli typically decreases our liking
repeated exposure to a stimuli typically increases our liking
repeated exposure to stimuli typically decreases liking
single exposure to a stimuli typically increase liking
42
Not all psychotherapy clients benefit from it, and about ___ even get worse as a result
5%
20%
10%
1%
43
Genetic effects upon antisocial behaviour
Have not been supported by research
Increase with age
Decrease with age
Are not significant
44
a test to measure good study skills that actually measures good study skills, is said to be
objective
reliable
standardized
valid
45
What has happened to IQ scores worldwide during recent decades?
they have not changed significantly
they initially increased and are now decreasing
they have increased significantly
they have decreased significantly
46
a 10-year old child has a mental age of 15. Using the original IQ formula, what is her IQ?
150
100
75
125
47
ability to retrieve and use previously learned information is known as ___________ intelligence
crystallised
expert
fluid
emotional
48
In token economy, the token acts as which of the following
punishment
conditioned inhibitor
conditioned stimulus
reinforcement
49
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages clients to
exert control over their thoughts instead of accepting them
'stop' intrusive and unwanted thoughts
notice & accept their thoughts without trying to control them
commit to acting on their intrusive thoughts
50
Delusions, hallucinations and disordered speech and thinking are
usually present in those with bipolar disorder
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
neutral symptoms of schizophrenia
51
A charitable organisation contacts you, asking for £25 to them. When you refuse, they ask for £2
Lowballing
the central route of persuasion
the foot-in-the-door technique
the door-in-the-face technique
52
Achievement tests measure?
measures the magnitude of achievement expected
measure what has already been learnt
individual differences related to psychological concepts
assumed to measure potential for future learning
53
Hallucinations and delusions are symptoms of
anxiety disorders
depersonalization disorder
schizophrenia
paranoid personality disorder
54
According to Spearman, our ability to perform cognitive tasks is most dependent on;
crystallized intelligence
fluid intellgence
g factor
s factor
55
Cognitive structures representing individual’s knowledge about the world are called
flashbulb memories
distortions
schemas
phonological loops
56
One of Binet’s great ideas was that of mental age, which was defined as:
individuals biological age plus the score achieved on a test
individual’s level of emotional maturity
average age at which normal individuals achieve a set score
variability of scores when an individual is tested repeatedly
57
Eysenck theorised that __ have higher visceral brain activity
people who have psychosis
people who have neurosis
extroverts
introverts
58
According to Sigmund Freud, the creation of the superego occurs through
the reality principle
compromise formations
repression of sexual and self-preservation instincts
a process of identifying with parents and significant others
59
ability to and think abstractly & logicallyto solve new problems, is _______intelligence
crystallised
practical
Fluid
Adaptive
60
all humans are mortal, Socrates is human, then Socrates must be mortal. What is a premise?
If all humans are mortal
all humans are Socrates
Socrates must be mortal
None of the above
61
Identify Martin Seligman’s 5 core elements of happiness (PERMA):
Pleasure, Energy, Relaxation, Money, Action
Positive emotion Engagement Relationship Meaning, Achievement
Polite, Excellent, Rare, Memorable, Arresting
Popular, Engaged, Relationships, Mobile, Accomplishment
62
the etic perspective in cross-cultural research focusses on
Differences and similarities found in ONE culture
Differences and similarities found BETWEEN cultures
63
Initially, the core mission of psychology was to study three things
Measure intelligence, analyse dreams and cure mental illness
analysing dreams, enhancing normal life and studying geniuses
Psychopaths, Kings and Peasants
mental illness, enhancing normal lives and studying geniuses
64
The original IQ formula gave a distorted picture of the intellectual abilities of...
children
gifted persons
adults
Mentally impeded persons
65
When working with Police services, a forensic psychologist is more likely to
involved with selection / monitoring of police in risk areas
Draw up documents regarding victim issues and harm claims
Undertake research on anxiety and depression
Perform undercover duties themselves
66
In inductive reasoning
Conclusions are always true
We use a syllogistic form or reasoning
start with specific facts and develop a general principle
general principles and develop a conclusions about specifics
67
The term __________ refers to negative attitudes based on group membership
prejudice
discrimination
stereotyping
stereotyping
68
According to Freud, which personality structure/s strives to control the impulses of the id?
The superego
The ego
The defence mechanisms
The ego and the superego
69
Cultural competence can best be described as being...
Open to ideas about cultures
skilled and effective in dealing with different cultures
at least aware of cultural difference
Aversive to cultural differences
70
Being most influenced by the message and the argument presented, is?
the peripheral route of persuasion has occurred
social facilitation has occurred
the central route of persuasion has occurred
social penetration has occurred
71
The behavioural perspective emphasizes the influence of ?
mental processes
medical factors
conscious processes
the environment
72
Dan's mom, lives a productive life, is loving, open, and self-accepting. Maslow might say she:
is a self-actualizing person
is an extravert
has an external locus of control
has resolved the conflicts of the Electra complex
