Market Revolution

In most cities of the East, the income gap between rich and poor gradually narrowed.

Immigration contributed little to the American population in 1st 3 decades of the 19th century

By 1860, over 1/2 of the manufacturers in the US were located west of the Mississippi River.

For most Americans in the nineteenth century, vacations were rare.

Prior to 1860, rural Americans had almost no contact with the rest of the world.

The need to supply the US military helped spur new innovations in machine tools and industry.

Commonwealth v. Hunt was a case which declared that labor unions were lawful organizations.

The paternalistic nature of the Lowell factory system lasted through the Civil War.

Between 1840 and 1860, the South experienced a decline in its percentage of urban residents.

Public lectures was a popular form of entertainment in America prior to the Civil War.

Many free blacks in the North were skilled crafts workers as slaves and bought or got freedom.

One of the first businesses to benefit from the telegraph was the railroads.

Samuel Morse showed off by telegraphing news of Z.Taylor’s nomination from MD to DC.

By 1860, the number of American inventions to receive patents reached nearly 2,000.

The pre-Civil War “cult of domesticity” left women increasingly detached from the public world.

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the American birth rate declined.

The development of a railroad system weakened connections between the Northwest and the South.

Much of the new pre-Civil War immigration went into the growing cities of the United States.

Railroads played a relatively minor role in American transportation during the 1820s and 1830s.

Despite contrasts between great wealth and poverty, there was very little overt class conflict

The great majority of pre-Civil War immigrants came from Ireland and England.

Skilled craftsmen organized trade unions due to the rise of the “factory system.”

During this time, turnpikes were regarded as an improvement over canals as a means of transport

The fastest-growing group in America prior to the Civil War was the working poor.

The Erie Canal was the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken.

Until the Civil War, newspapers relied on mail transported by train for the exchange of news.

Pre-Civil War rural towns of the NW were usually populated by a diverse mix of ethnic groups.

Most of the pre-Civil War Irish & German immigrants who came did to the US , did so as families

Recruiting a labor force was a fairly easy task in the early years of American factory system.

Virtually all of early unions excluded women, even though they were in almost every industry

As of the middle of the 19th century, the typical citizen of the NW was a poor, marginal farmer

For most nineteenth-century urban Americans, leisure activities grew more varied.