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Phys. Sci. Final Rev. ch. 8-16 Flashcards | StudBud
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Phys. Sci. Final Rev. ch. 8-16
Phys. Sci. Final Rev. ch. 8-16
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1
What is the idea that God used evolution to make everything in the world?
theistic evolution
uniformitarianism
creation science
secular humanism
2
What uses lasers to transmit signals through narrow glass tubes?
light piping
quantum tunneling
laser guiding
fiber optics
3
What converts programming language into machine language for the computer?
compiler
logic gates
hardware
motherboard
4
What number indicates how many molecules or formula units of a substance are involved in a reaction?
coefficient
subscript
integer
superscript
5
What device uses a narrow strip of metal to prevent excessive current through a circuit?
resistor
circuit breaker
switch
fuse
6
What are atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons?
isomers
isotopes
isobars
isoatoms
7
What term refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required for a chain reaction to occur?
mass number
specific mass
mass coefficient
critical mass
8
How many bytes in a kilobyte?
1,000
2,000
1,240
1,024
9
What type of material allows current to flow through it with no resistance?
conductor
insulator
resistor
superconductor
10
What is one of the ideas used to form the modern theory of evolution?
Neo-Darwinism
natural selection
principle of uniformity
big bang theory
11
What is a substance composed of two or more elements bonded together?
fusion
compound
solution
mixture
12
What property describes how strongly atoms of an element pull on electrons in a chemical bond?
partial charge
concentration
electronegativity
ionic strength
13
What type of radiactive decay releases energy without changing the number of prtons and neutrons?
alpha decay
gamma decay
delta decay
beta decay
14
What type of electric discharge lamp passes a spark through a long tube of mercury vapor and argon gas?
fluorescent
LED
incandescent
neon
15
What material glows when exposed to radiation?
neon
mercury
argon
phosphor
16
Who was known as creation science's "bulldog"?
Duane Gish
Harry Rimmer
Thomas Huxley
Stanley Miller
17
What device uses electromagnetic induction to produce electricity?
generator
solenoid
relay
motor
18
What type of current-producing electrochemical cell can be recharged with electricity from an outside source?
storage cell
fuel cell
electrolytic cell
voltaic cell
19
What system allows a computer to store programs and information?
CPU
memory
input/output
motherboard
20
Which main group of biological compounds consist of smaller molecules linked by peptide bonds?
lipids
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
proteins
21
What is the extent to which a material can absorb or channel lines of flux?
deflection
induction
impermeability
permeability
22
What are high-frequency waves used in medicine to "see" inside solid objects?
x-rays
infrared rays
gamma rays
unltraviolet rays
23
What substances are composed of a single type of atom?
mixtures
elements
molecules
compounds
24
What is the process of mixing molecules of one substance with those of another substance by random molecular motion?
diffusion
fusion
mixture
compound
25
What type of nuclear decay occurs when an unstable atom ejects a clump of two protons and two neutrons?
beta decay
gamma decay
delta decay
alpha decay
26
What is the "brain" of the computer?
memory
motherboard
input/output
CPU
27
What is a simple device that uses the laws of electrostatics to detect small electric charges?
battery
electrostatic generator
capacitor
electroscope
28
What are the actual physical components of a computer?
software
logic gates
integrated circuits
hardware
29
What is the SI unit of resistance?
ohm
volt
ampere
current
30
What is the process of replacing atoms of a semiconductor with atoms of another element?
application
processing
doping
thermionic emission
31
What is the most important device for converting electricity into motion?
alternator
electric generator
electric motor
relay
32
What is the general term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not permanently changed?
enzyme
electrolyte
coefficient
catalyst
33
What is the strongest intermolecular force?
hydrogen bond
dipole-dipole force
London force
electron bond
34
What type of reaction can occur without continuing outside help?
reversible
balanced
decomposition
spontaneous
35
Who wrote the first computer program?
Wilhelm Roentgen
Ada Lovelace
Charles Babbage
J.J. Thomson
36
How do two like charges interact when they are brought close to each other?
attract
stop moving
no interaction
repel
37
What term describes an object with an equal number of positive and negative charges?
negative
balanced
neutral
positive
38
What idea states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers?
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
quantum theory
Pauli exclusion principle
quark theory
39
What electrical device is designed to hinder current flow?
insulator
conductor
superconductor
resistor
40
What term describes a substance that has several unpaired electrons per atom and is strongly attracted to magnets?
paramagnetic
diamagnetic
electromagnet
ferromagnetic
41
What is the salt of a carboxylate ion?
haloalkane
soap
ester
aromatic compound
42
What are instructions written in a programming language?
binary code
hexadecimal code
machine code
source code
43
What are used to indicate the direction and strength of a magnetic field?
lines of flux
poles
isoclinic lines
domains
44
What is a device that transforms the energy of an electric current into another useful form of energy?
switch
source
relay
load
45
What is the idea that life arose from a chemical reaction in the ocean with energy from thermal vents or lightning?
catastrophism
big bang theory
abiogenesis
uniformitarianism
46
What is the SI base unit of current?
kilowatt-hour
volt
ohm
ampere
47
What is the belief that natural processes have always occurred in the same manner and at the same rate?
catastrophism
principle of uniformity
secular humanism
uniformitarianism
48
What type of electric generator uses a commutator?
electrostatic
AC
MHD
DC
49
What are the pieces of information that a computer handles?
data
RAM
ROM
bits
50
What is the idea that gravity is an effect of the geometry of space?
law of conservation of matter and energy
special theory of relativity
law of universal gravitation
general theory of relativity
51
What is a device that opens or closes a circuit?
relay
switch
telegraph
load
52
What is the most important scientific principle showing that there had to have been an act of creation?
second law of thermodynamics
law of universal gravitation
law of conservation of matter and energy
first law of thermodynamics
53
What intermolecular force occurs between all molecules?
electron bond
dipole-dipole force
London force
hydrogen bond
54
What are the most powerful computers that are designed for rapidly performing complex calculations?
mainframes
supercomputers
personal computers
servers
55
What system uses codes called URI's to identify specific pieces of information to be used to acces the information?
cloud computing
LAN
electronic mail
World Wide Web
56
Who performed the best known attempt to reproduce abiogenesis in the laboratory?
Stanley Miller
Thomas Huxley
Asa Gray
Charles Lyell
57
Who discovered x-rays?
J.J. Thomson
Charles Babbage
Wilhelm Roentgen
Ada Lovelace
58
What is a random change in the DNA that occurs when a gene is damaged or copied incorrectly?
distortion
complication
mutation
replication
59
What is the most commonly accepted evolutionary view of the origin of matter and energy of the universe?
catastrophism
big bang theory
theistic evolution
uniformitarianism
60
What states that the true laws of nature always hold?
catastrophism
secular humanism
uniformitarianism
principle of uniformity
61
What type of material does not allow current to easily flow through?
insulator
resistor
superconductor
conductor
62
What electromagnetic waves are sometimes referred to as "heat rays"?
x-rays
gamma rays
infrared waves
ultraviolet rays
63
What does
ex nihilo
mean?
"out of nothing"
"in the beginning"
"in God we trust"
"out of many"
64
What device increases or decreases the voltage of alternating current?
transformer
relay
MHD generator
electric motor
65
What is the circuit board that connects all a computer's components?
logic gates
motherboard
input/output
CPU
66
What is a circuit that contains a complete path for electrons to flow through?
open
short
closed
integrated
67
What type of substance has no unpaired electrons and is slightly repelled by either pole of a magnet?
paramagnetic
ferromagnetic
electromagnet
diamagnetic
68
What is the smallest directly accessible unit of data in a computer?
ASCII
byte
binary code
bit
69
Which lamp is the most efficient?
neon lamp
compact fluorescent lamp
incandescent lamp
LED lamp
70
What stores information permanently?
microprocessor
register
RAM
ROM
71
What is a homogenous mixture?
fusion
compound
solution
concentrate
72
What idea states that tiny particles do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow?
quantum theory
quark theory
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Pauli exclusion principle
73
What is the negative terminal of a voltaic cell?
anode
cathode
anion
cation
74
Who discovered electrons?
Charles Babbage
Ada Lovelace
Wilhelm Roentgen
J.J. Thomson
75
What type of software directs the computer to perform specific tasks for the user?
system
application
user interface
drivers
76
What is a vacuum tube that has two electrodes and a wire grid?
triode
compiler
transistor
diode
77
What term describes the kinetic energy that two colliding molecules must have to undergo a chemical change?
activation energy
spontaneous
equilibrium
redox reaction
78
What is a combination of all the colors of light mixed together?
black
white
rainbow
gray
79
What is one or more electrochemical cells connected to terminals as a single source of current?
solenoid
battery
transformer
relay
80
What are the tiny bundles or packets of energy that light consists of?
ions
quanta
UV rays
photons
81
What term describes a situation in which two reactions in opposite directions occur at the same rate?
spontaneous
redox
equilibrium
balanced
82
What idea uses scientific observation alone as evidence that there must be a designer for the universe?
big bang
natural selection
intelligent design
abiogenesis
83
What is the general term for a physical combination of pure substances?
mixture
molecule
compound
solution
84
What are the electrons located in the outermost shell of any atom called?
neutrinos
quark
valence
dipole
85
What process imparts electric charge at a distance without direct contact between objects?
reduction
insulation
induction
conduction
86
What is the stationary magnet in an electric generator?
commutator
field magnet
slip rings
relay
87
What is the most common type of electrostatic generator in use today?
Wimshurst machine
Von Geuricke sphere
Leyden jar
Van de Graaf generator
88
What is the region of concentrated magnetism at the end of a magnet?
line of flux
magnetic field
domain
pole
89
What is a single chip that contains a complete CPU?
register
microprocessor
RAM
ROM
90
What are low-frequency waves used for communication?
infrared waves
gamma rays
radio waves
ultraviolet rays
91
What branch of chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds?
organic
analytical
inorganic
biological
92
What is a beam of light containing waves that all vibrate in the same direction?
monochromatic
polarized
stimulated
derandomized
93
What is the general term for a device that produces static electricity?
electrostatic generator
relay
capacitor
Leyden jar
94
What are the most powerful and penetrating forms of electromagnetic radiation?
ultraviolet rays
microwaves
infrared waves
gamma rays
95
What is the process of combining two nuclei to form a heavier nucleus?
fission
fusion
osmosis
molality
96
What hydrocarbon contains one or more double bonds?
alkene
alkyne
alkane
ester
97
What do the additive primary colors always refer to?
pigment
light
black
white
98
What theory states that light has characteristics of both particles and waves?
wave theory of light
particle theory of light
quantum theory of light
general theory of light
99
What device only allows current to flow in one direction?
integrated circuit
diode
triode
transistor
100
What unit refers to 6.022 x 10
23
particles of a substance?
Kelvin
electron
second
mole