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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
2
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
3
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
4
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
5
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
6
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
7
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
8
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
84
95
50
9
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
10
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
11
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
rooting
Moro
stepping
12
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
13
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
parenting style
attachment
motor development
14
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
biological
psychodynamic
humanistic
15
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
rTMS
EEG
MRI
16
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
17
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
18
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
19
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
case study
20
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
21
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
22
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
23
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
24
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
latency period
25
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
habituation
accommodation
assimilation
26
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
27
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
28
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
29
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
30
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
31
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
free association
32
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
33
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
34
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
35
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
deindividuation
36
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
normally distributed
outliers
37
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
38
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
39
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
40
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
41
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
42
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
43
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
44
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
45
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
46
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
touch
sight
47
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
token economy
48
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
49
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
50
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
51
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
52
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
53
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
54
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
delta waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
55
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
just world bias
56
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
57
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
counterbalancing
58
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
make new friends
eat a meal
59
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
groupthink
social facilitation
60
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
61
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
62
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
63
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
64
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
65
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
66
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
standard deviation
mean
67
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
68
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
extraversion
neuroticism
conscientiousness
69
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
70
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
71
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
72
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
73
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
74
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
75
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
76
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
size of the group
77
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
78
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
79
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
80
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
81
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
secondary
continuous
82
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
83
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
daily activities
personalities
84
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
85
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
86
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
87
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
88
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
puberty
89
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
90
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
91
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
92
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
93
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
94
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
95
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
96
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
retina
fovea
iris
97
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
98
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
linear perspective
convergence
retinal disparity
99
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
100
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
101
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
construct validity
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
102
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
103
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
104
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
105
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
106
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
external
fundamental
internal
107
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
108
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
109
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
feature detectors
fovea
optic nerve
110
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
family
culture
temperament
111
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
observational learning
112
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
medulla
hypothalamus
amygdala
113
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
114
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
115
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
triarchic
standardized
achievement
116
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
rods
cones
cornea
117
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
118
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
119
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
120
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future
regulating emotion
121
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
122
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
123
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
124
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
125
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
126
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
127
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
situational
behavioral
social
128
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
129
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
trait
biological
humanistic
130
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
131
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
variable interval
fixed ratio
continuous
132
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
133
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
in-group bias
134
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
archetypes
repressed memories
135
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
displacement
projection
sublimation
136
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
standard deviation
mean
median
137
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
a mental set
138
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
activation-synthesis
139
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
postconventional
140
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
141
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive punishment
142
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
143
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
144
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
modeling
sublimation
mirror neurons
145
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
synaptic cleft
myelin
neurotransmiters
146
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
cognitive
evolutionary
humanistic
147
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
cognitive
behavioral
148
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social roles
social facilitation
149
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
150
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
151
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence