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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
phallic stage
latency period
anal stage
2
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
3
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
4
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
5
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
self-serving bias
a theory
hindsight bias
6
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
7
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
variances
modes
outliers
8
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
9
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
rooting
Moro
10
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
11
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
12
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
13
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
14
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
pharmacological
behavioral
cognitive
15
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
16
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
projective
triarchic
achievement
17
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
add : decrease
18
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
19
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
20
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
individualism
self-serving bias
in-group bias
21
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
developmental study
22
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
23
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
24
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
25
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
humanistic
biological
evolutionary
26
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
27
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
28
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
functional fixedness
29
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
30
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
31
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
32
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
33
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
34
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
SSRIs
lithium
35
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
36
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
convergence
linear perspective
closure
37
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
38
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
39
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
corpus callosum
40
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
41
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
projection
sublimation
displacement
42
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
43
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
44
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
45
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
make new friends
46
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
47
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
48
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
humanist
49
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
50
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
51
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
52
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
situational
internal
53
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
54
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
55
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
56
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
57
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
latent learning
58
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
59
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
60
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
61
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
mean
median
62
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
63
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
64
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
65
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
66
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
touch
sight
hearing
67
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
68
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
attachment
parenting style
69
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
70
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
71
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
72
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
73
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
74
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
75
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
mean
range
median
76
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
conformity
disinhibition
social roles
77
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
blind spot
iris
fovea
78
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
autism
Alzheimer's disease
79
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
80
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
81
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
82
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
83
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
84
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
85
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
86
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
87
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
88
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
89
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
90
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
91
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
92
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
93
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
evolutionary
94
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
dispositional
behavioral
situational
95
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
96
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
superordinate goals
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
97
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
anixety
dissociative
schizophrenic
98
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
99
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
100
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
divergent thinking
101
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
content validity
102
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
103
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
104
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
105
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
106
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
107
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
108
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
109
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
110
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
111
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
antagonists
dissociation
tolerance
112
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
113
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
114
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
115
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
pons
116
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
cognitive
humanistic
evolutionary
117
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
118
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
119
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
120
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
121
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
122
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
123
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
124
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
habituation
discrimination
accommodation
125
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
126
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
late 40s
early 20s
puberty
127
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
conservation
universal ethical principles
object permanence
128
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
129
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
130
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
131
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
continuous
fixed variable
variable interval
132
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
133
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning