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Language and Gender - Year 13 Revision Flashcards | StudBud
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Language and Gender - Year 13 Revision
Language and Gender - Year 13 Revision
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Theories, Key Words and Concepts for Year 13
Flashcards
31 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
How could you define epistemic modality?
The way speakers communicate a degree of certainty or doubt
The way speakers communicate when on the telephone
The way speakers communicate in a mixed-sex conversation
The way speakers communicate to people of the same sex
2
Which of these IS NOT an example of overt marking?
waitress
priest
male nurse
female pilot
3
What did their study unearth?
86% of hedges in mixed-sex communications were by men
96% of hedges in mixed-sex communications were by men
86% of interruptions in mixed-sex communications were by men
96% of interruptions in mixed-sex communications were by men
4
Deborah Tannen researched which field of language and gender theory?
Difference
Deficit
Gender Similarity Hypotheses
Dominance
5
Which of these is NOT a deficit feature she suggested women show in their speech?
Tag questions
Hedging
Empty adjectives
Interruptions
6
Which of these is a generic pronoun?
one
his
she
her
7
O'Barr and Atkins disagreed with Lakoff in their 1980 courtroom study. What did they argue?
Language difference is created by authority, not gender
Language difference is created by region, not gender
Language difference is created by wealth, not gender
Language difference is created by age, not gender
8
Which of these was not one of the 6 contrasts proposed in her research?
Politeness vs. agression
Status vs. support
Independence vs. intimacy
Advice vs. understanding
9
Janet Hyde researched which field of language and gender theory?
Gender Similarity Hypotheses
Deficit
Difference
Dominance
10
What is semantic amelioration?
When a word gathers positive connotations over time
When a word gathers negative connotations over time
11
What is semantic pejoration?
When a word gathers negative connotations over time
When a word gathers positive connotations over time
12
Which of the following best describes AO4?
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
Consistent comparison of two texts
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
Attentiveness to context
13
What did her research propose?
Men and women are alike in most biological variables
Men and women are alike in most psychological variables
14
Which of the following best describes AO2?
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
Consistent comparison of two texts
Attentiveness to context
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
15
Which of these was not one of the contrasts proposed in her research?
Orders vs. proposals
Conflict vs. compromise
Information vs. feelings
Phatic talk vs. Directed talk
16
Which theory did Zimmerman and West research in 1975?
Dominance
Difference
Deficit
Gender Similarity Hypotheses
17
Which of these is NOT a deficit feature she suggested women show in their speech?
Superpolite forms
Vulgarities and Taboo language
Modal constructions (e.g. We could, should...)
Apologise more often
18
Which gender did Jennifer Coates say express epistemic modality in a way that limits force?
Men
Women
19
Which of the following words HAS undergone a process of semantic pejoration?
Bachelor
Gentleman
Whore
Stud
20
Which of the following best describes AO3?
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
Consistent comparison of two texts
Attentiveness to context
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
21
Which of these IS NOT an example of overt marking?
judge
male nanny
baroness
actress
22
How would you define Covert Prestige?
Seeing highly standad speech as a way of achieving status
Seeing non-standard speech as a way of achieving status
23
Which suffix was Peter Trudgill particularly interested in when researching class and gender?
-ent
-ed
-ing
-s
24
Which is the BEST academic definition of stereotyping?
Treating everybody in the same way without knowing them
Treating people differently due to things they can't control
An oversimplified belief that assumes knowledge of a group
Judging a book by its cover
25
Which of the following best describes AO1?
Linguistic terminology + clear expression + line of argument
Links to theory, concepts and case studies
Consistent comparison of two texts
Attentiveness to context
26
Which process explains how boys and girls are brought up to fit gendered moulds?
adaptation
acclimatisation
socialisation
evolution
27
What did Trudgill discover?
Men drop the 'g' phoneme more, but under-report by how much
Women drop the 'g' phoneme more, but over-report by how much
Men drop the 'g' phoneme more, but over-report by how much
Women drop the 'g' phoneme more, but underreport by how much
28
How many 'contrasts' did she propose characterised differences in men and women's speech?
3
6
5
4
29
Whose Martha's Vineyard case-study links closely to covert prestige and group identity?
Lanyon
Lakoff
Labov
Lanyard
30
Robin Lakoff pioneered which language and gender model in the 1970s?
Deficit
Similarity Hypotheses
Dominance
Difference
31
What is a criticism sometimes levied against their research?
Small sample size
Disproportionate numbers of men and women
Observer's paradox invalidated data
Data was a participant survey, rather than a transcript
