What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”?

Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state.

Why was Procopius more critical in The Secret History than he was in earlier texts?

It wasn't going to be published until after his death

Humanism is a philosophy which stresses

human potential and individual achievement

Why were Zheng He’s voyages stopped by China?

it was very expensive to fund the trips and not considered worth the money

What was a major accomplishment of Justinian?

Collecting Roman laws and creating Justinian's Code

One major characteristic of the Renaissance period is that the

classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated

The Scientific Revolution

emphasized the value of human reasoning

From the 15th to the 18th centuries, absolute monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to

centralize their political power

The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by

great intellectual and artistic creativity

In order to supply their city with food, the Aztecs

built floating platforms to grow food

The Aztec people in Latin America

had advanced technology called chinampas

How did the kings and queens view their colonies?

As possesions to benefit the kings and queens

The Protestant Reformation resulted in which of the following?

religious conflicts across Europe

What was an effect of Pax Mongolica?

Increased trade between China and the Middle East

One reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was

the wealth of Italian city-states due to their involvement in trade routes

One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by ancient Greece was that the Renaissance

stressed the power of human reason

Which was NOT major effect of the printing press?

the Bible was less available for personal use

Why were the Mongols able to conquer such a huge empire?

they were skilled soldiers and very brave

Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because

the power of the Catholic Church lessened and the power of monarchs grew

Mercantilism was a policy that

helped make the monarch wealthy

King Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia, were all considered absolute monarchs because they

determined government policy without the consent of the people

How did things change in the High Middle Ages?

there were more opportunities as towns re-opened

Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei and René Descartes faced serious challenges to their scientific theories be

contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs

The success in “history’s most successful failures” was

an increase in trade after the Crusades

What was a major reason people moved to manors during feudalism?

they needed protection from the invaders

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9th Grade 2025 Final Review

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Questions 54

Answers

1
What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”?
Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible.
The general public always acts in its own best interest.
Leaders must always act for the common good.
Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state.
2
Why was Procopius more critical in The Secret History than he was in earlier texts?
It wasn't going to be published until after his death
He had a fight with Justinian and wanted revenge
He realized what Justinian was really like
He was in love with Theodora and was jealous of Justinian
3
Humanism is a philosophy which stresses
human potential and individual achievement
a focus on all things religious
the importance of the divine and supernatural
how humans can be saved
4
The failure in “history’s most successful failures” was
a decrease in trade due to war
the end of the Catholic unity in Europe
not getting Jerusalem back
the start of using vernacular for services
5
Why were Zheng He’s voyages stopped by China?
they were creating pollution and killing the fishing industry
the Japanese were attacking his ships and burning them
the emperor was jealous of Zheng He's fame
it was very expensive to fund the trips and not considered worth the money
6
What was a major accomplishment of Justinian?
Burning books and eliminating the Latin learning
Creating a written language for the Byzantine Empire
Building a famous mosque in Constantinople
Collecting Roman laws and creating Justinian's Code
7
One major characteristic of the Renaissance period is that the
Catholic Church no longer had any influence in Europe
manor became the center of economic activity
classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated
the major language of the people became Latin
8
Which individual supported the Copernican Revolution by using a telescope and was brought before the Inquistion?
Pope Leo X
Martin Luther
Machiavelli
Galileo
9
The Scientific Revolution
placed great value on traditional beliefs
had the support of the Roman Catholic Church
emphasized the value of human reasoning
contributed to the end of feudalism
10
From the 15th to the 18th centuries, absolute monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to
strengthen the system of feudalism
centralize their political power
redistribute land to peasants
increase the power of the Catholic Church
11
The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by
unquestioned reliance on the teachings of Aristotle
an advance of Muslim culture
Christian unity throughout the region
great intellectual and artistic creativity
12
One important characteristic of the Renaissance was its focus on
studying the works of ancient China
secular subjects
suffrage being granted to women and men
the topic of life after death
13
Cultural diffusion between the Arabs and Timbuktu helped to spread
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Judaism
14
In order to supply their city with food, the Aztecs
built floating platforms to grow food
relied on fishing in their lake
build gardens in the mountains
drained land to build farms
15
Who relied on the seasonal monsoon winds for trade?
The Japanese and Korean merchants
The Swahili city states
The European absolute monarchs
The Silk Road
16
Who preserved the Greco-Roman culture after the fall of Rome?
The Pope
The Byzantine Empire
The Muslim Golden Age
The Mongols
17
The Aztec people in Latin America
did not know how to modify their environments
became advanced after contact with Europeans
had advanced technology called chinampas
had to import food to support their society
18
How did the kings and queens view their colonies?
As people who needed religious toleration
As places they could help with financial support
As possesions to benefit the kings and queens
As children to protect and provide for
19
The Protestant Reformation resulted in which of the following?
increasing power for the Catholic Church
religious conflicts across Europe
England becoming a Catholic country
Spain becoming a Catholic country
20
What was an effect of Pax Mongolica?
The end of the Ming Dynasty
The crumbling of the Great Wall of China
Increased trade between China and the Middle East
Lack of religious toleration and forced conversion
21
One reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was
the importance of productive manors in the area
its association with the first printing press
the influx of Russian scholars to the area
the wealth of Italian city-states due to their involvement in trade routes
22
One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by ancient Greece was that the Renaissance
stressed the power of human reason
showed little interest in secular affairs
produced few new scientific ideas
promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church
23
What was Luther's major issue with the Catholic Church?
the sale of indulgences
not allowing priests to get married
asking people to tithe 10%
the Pope was travelling too much and not home in the Vatican
24
Renaissance thinkers often admired and copied
Medieval religious art
styles from Greece and Rome
Chinese sytles of porcelain and calligraphy
Muslim art and architecture
25
Which was NOT major effect of the printing press?
the Bible was less available for personal use
the Protestant Reformation
increased literacy rates
books were less expensive
26
In western Europe, Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy led to
better relations between peasants and merchants
an end to Christian unity
fewer violent outbreaks between ethnic groups
a strengthening of economic unity
27
Which of the following were roles the chruch played in the Middle Ages
orphanages
education
all of the above
help for the poor
28
What helped the Tang travel on the Silk Road?
Good maps
Camels
Large ships
Fast railroads
29
Which society acted as a bridge between China and Japan?
Mongolia
Byzantine
India
Korea
30
What was one reason that some Italian cities developed into major commercial and cultural centers during the 13th and 14
unified central government
geographic location
system of social equality
isolationist economic policies
31
Guttenberg's printing press
increased literacy rates
increased kings' power
made books more expensive
decreased the number of Bibles available
32
Why were the Mongols able to conquer such a huge empire?
they gave people jewels to get their land
they were skilled soldiers and very brave
they spoke many languages and were able to convince people to surrender
they were kind and generous rulers
33
Who first developed a sun-centered model of the universe?
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
34
Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because
the Pope's right to sell indulgences was strengthened
the Roman Catholic Church unified the states of the Holy Roman Empire
Luther soon became the leader of Germany
the power of the Catholic Church lessened and the power of monarchs grew
35
Who might oppose the Copernican Revolution during the Scientific Revolution?
astronomers
humanist thinkers
scientists
some Catholic clergy
36
Mercantilism was a policy that
set up schools for merchants
helped make the monarch wealthy
made sure monarchs protected the colonies
gave economic opportunities to the colonies
37
King Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia, were all considered absolute monarchs because they
broke from the Catholic Church
handed more power to their parliaments
determined government policy without the consent of the people
helped feudal lords build secure castles
38
Who built terraces on their mountain in order to create farming areas?
Russians
Incas
Egyptians
Byzantine Empire
39
What items were important for the trade in Timbuktu?
Chinese gunpowder and silk
Gold and salt
Olive oil and oranges
Cotton and tobacco
40
Swahili city states controlled
East African trade
Eastern Europe after the fall of Rome
the Catholic Church in Africa
West African trade
41
How did things change in the High Middle Ages?
there were more opportunities as towns re-opened
farming technology was poor and there was less food
invasions increased and people had little trade
new invasions made it impossible to leave the manor
42
Bushido was a code of honor for the
samurai
Japanese rulers
knights
Buddhist monks
43
Which golden age is characterized by medical books and algebra
Golden Age of Islamic Culture
The Renaissance
Pax Romana
Pax Monogolica
44
Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei and René Descartes faced serious challenges to their scientific theories be
were based on the Bible
contradicted traditional medieval European beliefs
were not supported by scientific investigations
relied only on teachings from non-Christian cultures
45
The success in “history’s most successful failures” was
an increase in trade after the Crusades
the start of the Catholic unity in Europe
the start of printing the Bible
total control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land
46
What was a major reason people moved to manors during feudalism?
they wanted to get wealthy
they needed protection from the invaders
they wanted to move up in social rankings
they wanted to have access to religion
47
The theory justifying a monarch’s rule by God’s authority is called
divine right
mercantilism
laissez-faire
predestination
48
Timbuktu was an important center of trade and culture in
West Africa
the Middle East
Northern China
the Swahili city states
49
Copernicus developed the theory ____
heliocentric
telescope
scientific method
gravity
50
Bushido required the samurai to be loyal FIRST to his
teacher
lord
wife
horse
51
Who was the unifying force during the Middle Ages?
The feudal lords
The educational system
The local kings
The Catholic Church
52
The Pope pleaded with Catholics to join the Crusades in the
Edict of Milan
Bible
Council of Clermont
Loyola Papers
53
Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion
Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death.
Governments should establish overseas empires.
People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters.
54
Which is true about feudalism?
power was based on class relationships
knights were not allowed to go to war
the kings had absolute power
there was social mobility if you worked hard

9th Grade 2025 Final Review Flashcards | StudBud