why is the boxed area important to demonstrate the above biological process?

all 3 breeding lines started at roughly the same initle value for body size

Which of the following constitute a monophyletic group?

chimp/mouse/pigeon/croc/lizard, chimps/mouse

Which of the following is not a reason that the Galapagos Islands and the Hawaiian Islands have so many endemic species

A.newly available niches that were not previously occupied

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is the causative agent of AIDS. Which of the following statements is false?

A.HIV was transmitted to humans from a simian source just once.

what does the red line represent?

A breeding line of fish in which fish were allowed to randomly reproduce

Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except

A.free water is required for pollination.

In comparing artificial and natural selection, which of the following statements is true?

artificial can produce maladaptive structures, natural is less likely to

Sympatric refers to species which are

present in the same environment

About 80% of the alleles present in thoroughbred horses can be dated back to 31 known ancestors from the late eighteenth

little variation in physiology and behavior

In England during the 1850’s higher levels of industrial pollution darkened the trunks of trees found around industrial

dark winged moths became more common due to camouflage, dark winged moths experienced less predication from birds

In order for natural selection to occur within a population, certain conditions must be met. One such condition is

heterozygosity must be very low

Plants, and their predecessors, green algae, do not all share the property of

A.containing a system of roots and stems.

All of the following describe members of a biological species except

they have several isolated gene pools

Which of the following is a true statement concerning genetic variation?

it must be present in a population before natural selection can act on popu

Ginkgo trees occur in Asia and North America. Despite their geographic separation by the Pacific Ocean, biologists consi

they are potentially capable of exchanging genes

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BIO2 exam 1

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Questions 89

Answers

1
What is this an example of?
experimental evolution
predator-prey interactions
gene flow
genetic drift
2
The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6). A "0" indicates the ancestral condition; a
a
c
d
b
3
When selection acts to eliminate one extreme from an array of phenotypes it is called
disruptive selection
artificial selection
stabilizing selection
directional selection
4
What was Darwin’s explanation for the evolution
sexual selection
genetic drift
stabilizing selection
gene flow
5
why is the boxed area important to demonstrate the above biological process?
to show the slopes of the lines are the same from Gen0 to Gen1
all 3 breeding lines started at roughly the same initle value for body size
to show the end product of the selections process
6
Which of the following constitute a monophyletic group?
chimp/mouse/pigeon/croc
chimp/pigeon/salamander
chimp/mouse/pigeon/croc/lizard
chimps/mouse
7
For a gene with two alternative alleles, A (frequency p) and a (frequency q), the term in the algebraic form of the Ha
P2
q2
(p+q)2
2pq
8
Which of the following is not a reason that the Galapagos Islands and the Hawaiian Islands have so many endemic species
A.founder effect when islands are colonized
A.numerous volcanic events separating birds on an island
A.newly available niches that were not previously occupied
A.adequate distance between islands to allow divergence
9
This is best described as an example of
a bottleneck effect
selection
sexual selection
drift
10
What kind of selection is this?
oscillating
disruptive
frequency dependent
stabilizing
11
Based on your data below, which species should be considered the outgroup for the other species?
1
2
5
4
12
In a West African finch species, birds with large or small bills survive
stabilizing
disruptive
nonrandom mating
directional
13
If a person wanted flies with lots of bristles on their abdomens as pets
artificial selection
heterozygote advantage
directional selection
natural selection
14
The key point in Darwin's theory is that the *__* imposes the conditions that determine the results of selection
environment
individual
gene
parent
15
a unique feature of angiosperms is
pollen
fruit
roots
seeds
16
Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ** character...
analogous
convergent
homologous
adaptive
17
Which of the following is not a cause of changes in the genetic structure of population?
random mating
genetic drift
mutation
gene flow
18
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is the causative agent of AIDS. Which of the following statements is false?
HIV mutates rapidly in infected individuals
A.HIV has spread rapidly in humans worldwide.
A.HIV is amenable to phylogenetic analysis.
A.HIV was transmitted to humans from a simian source just once.
19
group of closely related species that have recently evolved from a common ancestor by occupying different parts of a hab
sympatric speciation
adaptive radiation
H-W equilibrium
polyploidy
20
Suppose that females of a species of beetles prefer to mate with males that have relatively rare color patterns. This ob
frequency-dependent selection
disruptive selection
the founder effect
genetic drift
21
what does the red line represent?
A breeding line of fish in which fish were allowed to randomly reproduce
a)A breeding line of fish in which only large fish were allowed to reproduc
line of fish in which large fish were only allowed to mate with small fish.
a)A breeding line of fish in which only small fish were allowed to reproduc
22
Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except
A.free water is required for pollination.
A.a seed develops within a carpel.
A.the ovary matures into the fruit.
A.ovules are enclosed within other tissues at the time of pollination.
23
In comparing artificial and natural selection, which of the following statements is true?
artificial selection is reversible; natural selection is not
artificial can produce maladaptive structures, natural is less likely to
artificial selection is slower than natural selection
artificial selection cannot produce changes as large as but natural
24
Which one of the following features of Archaeopteryx demonstrates that the evolutionary line leading from dino to birds
feathers
teeth
bony tail
egg-laying
25
Currently the only predators of Galápagos marine iguanas are Galápagos hawks. Iguana body size is not correlated with ri
increase; disruptive
decrease; directional
increase; directional
decrease; disruptive
26
Sympatric refers to species which are
present in different environments
present in the same environment
separating
hybridizating
27
In your group: Based on the phylogeny shown above, which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived character
1/2
2/4
4/5
1/5
28
which of the following sets of allele frequencies would produce the greatest proportion of heterozygotes?
P=0.2 Q=0.8
P=0.9 Q=0.1
P=0.7 Q=0.3
P=0.5 Q=0.5
29
About 80% of the alleles present in thoroughbred horses can be dated back to 31 known ancestors from the late eighteenth
little variation in physiology and behavior
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
low rates of mutation
many polymorphic allels
30
In England during the 1850’s higher levels of industrial pollution darkened the trunks of trees found around industrial
dark winged moths became more common due to camouflage
light colored winged moths become common
dark winged moths experienced less predication from birds
31
A group of taxa that includes a common ancestor, all descendants of that ancestor, and no other organisms is considered
polyphyletic
convergent
monophyletic
paraphyletic
32
An earthquake decimates a ground-squirrel population. The surviving population happens to have broader stripes on averag
genetic bottleneck
gene flow
directional selection
disruptive selection
33
In order for natural selection to occur within a population, certain conditions must be met. One such condition is
phenotypic variations that are genetic
frequent mutations that are inherited
heterozygosity must be very low
phenotypic differences resulting from the environmental conditions
34
Plants, and their predecessors, green algae, do not all share the property of
A.containing a system of roots and stems.
A.forming a cell plate during cytokinesis.
containing starch as the primary food storage product
A.containing chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids.
35
If 81% of a population is homozygous recessive for a given trait, what is the predicted frequency of homozygous dominant
0.36
0.18
0.1
0.01
36
Which one of the following could not apply to a postzygotic isolating mechanism?
hybrids are sterile
hybrids cannot be formed
hybrids develop abnormally
hybrids are selected against
37
Which of the following was a key innovation specifically involved in the evolution of large trees like giant redwoods?
flowers
fruit
coevolution with birds and insects
vascular tissues
38
All of the following describe members of a biological species except
they differ from other species in one or more characteristics
they have several isolated gene pools
they can interbreed freely with each other
there is potential gene flow with each other
39
Tabby is the largest and strongest cat. Chessy has mated with the most females. Which cat is the fittest?
chessy
tony
tiger
tabby
40
Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?
one and two
one, two , and three
one
two
41
In small populations, frequencies of certain alleles may change alone. Such random change in allele frequency is
migration
genetic drift
mutation
nonrandom mating
42
Which of the following is a true statement concerning genetic variation?
reduced by the processes involved when diploid organisms produce gametes
it arises in response to changes in the environment
it must be present in a population before natural selection can act on popu
A.It is created by the direct action of natural selection.
43
Which of the following most often involves polyploidy?
adaptive radiation
sympatric speciation in plants
extinction
allopatric speciation in animals
44
What kind of barrier to gene flow has not been shown between the two Bombina frog species?
mechanical isolation
prezygotic barrier
postzygotic barrier
behavioral isolation
45
Random genetic drift would probably have its greatest effect on a
small, isolated population
large pop with regular immigration from a neighboring pop
large population in which mating is random
large pop in which mating is nonrandom
46
The California populations of the Northern elephant seal are descendants from a very small population of seals that was
slight; the founder effect
great; disruptive selection
great; a bottleneck effect
slight: a bottleneck effect
47
Which of the following is not a prezygotic reproductive isolating barrier?
hybrid infertility
mechanical isolation
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
48
When species are kept separate by preventing the formation of hybrid zygotes,
hybridization
postzygotic
prezygotic
adaptive
49
Which of the following innovations was not involved...
roots
photosynthesis
vascular tissue
cuticle
50
In the southeastern U.S., two species of wild lettuce (Lactuca) do not usually form hybrids, because they bloom at diffe
postzygotic, behavioral
prezygotic, geographical
post zygotic, ecological
prezygotic, temporal
51
Ginkgo trees occur in Asia and North America. Despite their geographic separation by the Pacific Ocean, biologists consi
they are exchanging genes across the ocean
they are potentially capable of exchanging genes
they have different evolutionary ancestries
they are reproductively isolated
52
Which of the following phrases is not an essential part of the biological species concept?
reproductive isolation
no gene flow with other species
morphological distinct
actually or potentially interbreeding
53
The idea that reproductively isolated populations slowly accumulate differences until speciation occurs is called
gradualism
adaptive radiation
punctuated equilibrium
reverse selection
54
According to this tree, which of the following is an accurate statement?
green alga is equally related to a red alga and a moss
green alga is more closely related to a moss than a red alga
green alga is more closely rellated to redalga than to moss
green alga is related to a red alga, but is not related to a moss
55
Geographical speciation is also known as
reinforcment
darwinian speciation
sympatric speciation
allopatric speciation
56
The genetic contribution of an individual to succeeding generations, compared with that of other individuals in the popu
variation
relative fitness
microevolution
macroevolution
57
If all of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were met, what would happen to the frequency of the recessiv
decrease
it depends on the starting frequencies
increase
remain the same
58
What would happen if there were no barrier to gene flow at the beginning?
same rate of speciation
speciation would not occur
greater rate of speciation
a greater number of species would result
59
Different courtship rituals in different animal species is an example of
behavioral isolation
hybrid vigor
hybrid zones
mechanical isolation
60
What happens if the barrier to gene flow is removed once speciation is complete?
higher probability of remaining different species
higher probability of hybridization, perhaps becoming a single species agai
gene flow decreases
61
How would increased gene flow between two allopatric populations affect the chance of speciation?
It would increase the likelihood of the development of post-zygotic isolati
It would probably increase the chance of speciation
It would most likely decrease the chance of speciation
It would reinforce the separation of the species
62
Which of the following is false?
A.Both species still use water to reproduce.
A.There are a variety of phenotypic differences between the two species.
A.The two species of Bombina are being replaced by a more fit hybrid specie
A.Some gene flow is occurring between the two species.
63
Based on the phylogeny shown below, we can conclude that species 3 is most closely related to species
2
2/4 (cant tell)
1
4
64
Within the life cycle of a pine, which of the following structures are haploid?
pollen grain
trachieds
xylem
nucleus
65
Similar habitats often place similar selection pressures on diff species leading to unrelated species have common featur
convergent structures
homologous structures
vestigial structures
artificial selection
66
Natural selection varies the shape of the beaks among Darwin's finches primarily in response
to the available nest building material supplies
to the need to improve their feather preening abilities
to the available food supply
to the presence of ectoparasites on their feathers
67
Which of the letters in the tree below corresponds to the most recent common ancestor of a mushroom and a sponge?
b
a
d
c
68
Considering the overall human population of the U.S. mainland at the
gene flow
founder effect
natural selection
genetic drift
69
Cheetahs have been through a genetic bottleneck; evidence for this is that
there is very little genetic variability
the body in long, thin, and graceful
these cats are members of an endangered species
they originally came from eastern Africa
70
Mutations are important to evolution because
whether good or bad, mutations increase the fitness of an individual
most mutation rates are one in a thousand
mutations are usually beneficial to the progeny
they are the original source of genetic variation
71
All tracheophyte plants are characterized by all of the following except
seeds
stomata
waxy cuticle
specialized conduction systems
72
reproduce sexually, bryophytes, such as mosses, require
A.small, non-showy flowers that are fertilized with pollen from another pla
high temps
insect pollination
free water external to the plant
73
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions for populations of organisms result in
maintenance of recessive alleles in the gene pool
natural selection
no evolutionary changes
assortative mating
74
Which one of the following observations was not important in the studies done on the medium ground finch by Rosemary and
considerable variation existed in the bill size and shape in this finch
the medium ground finch showed assortative mating relating to bill S/S
offspring were similar to parents in the bill size and shape
during the 30Y period of the study, the dryness of climate varied a lot
75
Which of the following features of ancient horses is not an adaptation for living on open grasslands?
lengthening of limbs
complex patterns of ridges on molar and premolars
multiple toes
increase in body size
76
Adaptive radiation is likely to produce several to many
sterile hybrids
species clusters
key innovations
reproductive isolating mechanisms
77
As adaptions for flight, the wings of bats and the wings of birds are an example of
monophyly
evolutionary reversal
convergent evolution
shared derived traits
78
Migration and hybridization between individuals of adjacent populations causes gene
dominance
flow
mutation
blending
79
Coloration in the peppered moth (Biston betularia) is determined
0.64
0.6
0.4
0.36
80
Your cladogram from the table would look like the one below. Which species has the greatest # of shared derived traits
4
2
6
1
81
The frequency of a particular allele within a population can most likely be changed, over time, by
selection
random mating
large population size
inheritance of acquired characteristics
82
Birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits
homoplastic convergence
monophyletic
species cluster
polyphyletic
83
Which of the following conditions would be least likely to favor rapid speciation?
interbreeding of species
reproductive isolation
specialized diets
sexual selection
84
Refer to the figure below. Which of the following forms a monophyletic group?
a,b,c,d
e,f,g
c,d
d,e,f
85
This tree indicates that birds are most closely related to
amphibians
mammals
bony fish
reptiles
86
The lock and key fit of a dragonfly sex organs is an example of
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
ecological isolation
mechanical isolation
87
Which of the following is not required for evolution by natural selection?
selection
time
variation
sexual reproduction
88
If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population
70%
21%
30%
42%
89
Which of the following is thought to be the common ancestor of all land plants?
green algae
bacteria
sponges
ferns

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