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Final Review
Final Review
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1
In what instance might someone be placed in protective isolation?
Patient has severe burns
Patient has tuberculosis
Patient has hepatitis
Patient has chickenpox
2
How can you visually tell serum from plasma?
Serum is yellow, plasma is colorless
Serum is clear, plasma is cloudy
Serum is fluid, plasma is a gel
3
An additive tube should be mixed/inverted:
After the next tube is placed in the holder
When all tubes have been collected
While labeling
As soon as it is removed from the holder/hub
4
Acidosis is when blood pH increases?
False
True
5
Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles:
Interstatial fluid
Intercellular fluid
Arterial blood
Venous blood
6
Glass particles present in tubes:
Enhance clotting
Deter coagulation
Prevent hemolysis
7
Under which isolation precaution must you wear an N-95 or PAPR?
Protective
Droplet
Contact
Airborne
8
Which area should an infant heel puncture be performed on
The back of the heel
Calcaneus region
The arch of the foot
Lateral plantar surface
9
Electrolyte testing includes
Glucose, Uric acid
Bilirubin, creatinine
Sodium, potassium
BUN, cholesterol
10
The unauthorized release of confidential pt information is called:
A type of negligence
Failure to use due care
Invasion of privacy
11
An elderly pt arrives for a draw, his daughter tells you that he is hard of hearing. How should the phleb proceed?
Communicate mostly with the daughter
Speak clearly in a normal tone of voice
Get close to the pt's face and speak normally
Repeat every statement and question twice
12
The function of the left ventricle is to deliver:
Deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood to the left atrium
Deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary vein
Oxygenated blood to the aorta
13
A tube with a green stopped normally contains:
Heparin
Oxalate
EDTA
Citrate
14
The primary function of RBC, platelets, and WBC respectively is:
Hemoglobin transport, fibrin creation, antibody creation
Oxygen transport, blood clotting, pathogen destruction
CO2 removal, blood coagulation, microbe agglutination
Gas exchange, microbe destruction, building immunity
15
Which of the following is an example of a potential mucosal exposure?
Rubbing an eye with a contaminated hand
Drinking water from a contaminated glass
Getting stuck by a needle used on an AIDS patient
Touching infectious material with chapped hands
16
Which of the following specimens needs to be chilled?
Bilirubin
Cold agglutinin
Serum protein
Ammonia
17
Which type of contact infection transmission involves transfer of an infective microbe to a mucous membrane?
Indirect
Direct
Droplet
Fomite
18
A pt is not wearing their ID band, but it is taped to the bed. What should the phleb do?
Call the laboratory supervisor and ask how to proceed
Draw the specimen and then ask the provider to ID the pt
Draw the specimen and fill out an incident report form
Only draw the specimen after the ID band is applied
19
The ability of the body to repair and maintain a steady state is called:
Hemostasis
Anabolism
Homeostasis
Catabolism
20
A lumbar puncture is performed by a physician to withdraw what type of fluid?
Pleural
Pericardial
Cerebrospinal
Joint
21
Hemostasis refers to:
Increased large molecules
Stoppage of bleeding
Broken RBC
Maintaining equilibrium
22
Never leave the tourniquet on for more than:
2 minutes
30 seconds
1 minute
3 minutes
23
Which test requires strict antisepsis procedures before specimen collection?
Type and crossmatch
Blood culture
CBC
Blood Urea Nitrogen
24
Another name for blood bank is:
Microbiology
Serology
Immunology
Immunohematology
25
Drawing a patients blood without their permission can result in a charge of:
Breach of confidentiality
Invasion of privacy
Assault and battery
26
The accumulation of ___________ in the blood can cause metabolic acidosis.
Mercury
Troponin
Copper
Lactate
27
What might happen if you mix a specimen too vigorously?
Hemoconcentration
Hemolysis
Microclot formation
Glycolysis
28
Which test requires a 9:1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant?
Ethanol
Prothrombin Time
Hemoglobin A1C
Red cell count
29
Of the following tests, which is most likely to result in fatal consequences if the pt is misidentified?
Drug screen
Type and crossmatch
Blood cultures
Postprandial glucose
30
Which of the following veins is NOT an antecubital vein?
Femoral
Cephalic
Median
Basilic
31
What is PKU?
An acquired condition caused by a lack of phenylalanine
A contagious condition caused by a lack of phenylalanine
An inherited condition caused by a lack of thyroid hormone
Hereditary inability to metabolize phenylalanine
32
A pt. just finished eating a meal when the phleb arrives to draw a fasting specimen. What should the phleb do?
Draw the specimen, but write "nonfasting" on the requisition
Check with the provider to see if the specimen should still be drawn
Refuse to collect and fill out an incident report form
Draw the specimen because the food was just consumed and not yet absorbed
33
What is the most critical error a phleb can make?
Giving the pt a hematoma
Failing to collect the specimen due to a difficult draw
Collecting a timed specimen at the wrong time
Misidentifying the pt
34
Which needle has the largest lumen?
21
18
22
20
35
Which blood cell has the ability to pass through the blood vessel walls?
Leukocyte
Reticulocyte
Thrombocyte
Erythrocyte
36
A rapid serum tube contains:
EDTA
Thrombin
Heparin
Citrate
37
Doing which of the following during vein selection is bad for the specimen?
Lowering the pt's arm
Palpating the antecubital area
Allowing the pt to pump their fist
Using a warm towel to increase blood flow
38
Heparin prevents blood from clotting by:
Activating calcium
Preserving thrombin
Inhibiting thrombin
Bonding calcium
39
You are collecting a hematology, coagulation, and chemistry test. What is the correct O.O.D. For those tubes?
Red,light green, purple
Gold,lavender, green
Green, purple, royal blue
Light blue, green,purple
40
What is the CLSI recommended maximum depth of heel puncture
2.4mm
2.0mm
1.0mm
1.4mm
41
Which type of transmission involves transfer of a microbe to the mucous membranes of a susceptible individual via cough?
Indirect
Droplet
Direct
Fomite
42
Which microtube would be used to collect a specimen for a CBC?
Red top
Green top
Purple top
Gray top
43
The creatinine clearance level decreases in elderly patients due to a decline is:
Physical activity
RBC
Kidney function
Hormone levels
44
Which of the following is used by the laboratory to identify a specimen throughout the testing process?
First name, last name, DOB
MRN number
Accession number
FIN number
45
When performing a OGTT the timing should begin:
When the fasting specimen is collected
One-half hour after the drink is finished
As soon as the pt finishes the drink
Right after the pt arrives to the lab
46
Light blue tubes will typically go to which department?
Blood bank
Chemistry
Coagulation
Hematology
47
Blood type is determined by:
Antigen present on RBC
Antigen present on WBC
Antibody present on RBC
Antibody present on WBC
48
What is the FIRST thing you should do after an accidental needlestick?
Wash site with soap and water for at least 30 seconds
Leave the area so the pt does not notice the injury
Check pt medical records for BBP status
Go to employee health for vaccinations and treatment
49
The medical term for: RBC, WBC, and Platelets is (in that order):
Thrombocytes, monocytes, granulocytes
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Lymphocytes, granulocytes, basophils
Reticulocytes, neutrophils, leukocytes
50
You have no choice but to draw a specimen from a hematoma. Where should you obtain the specimen from?
In the area of the hematoma
None are correct
Proximal to the hematoma
Distal to the hematoma
51
An example of a preanylytical error happening during specimen processing is:
Inadequate centrifugation
Faulty collection technique
patient stress and anxiety
Insufficient specimen
52
Which pre-analytical factor that can affect validity of test results is not always under the phlebotomists control?
Patient preparation
Specimen collection
Patient identification
Specimen handling
53
Which test is for the respiratory system?
UA
ETOH
ABG
CSF
54
You must draw a protime specimen from a PT with IV in both arms. Which of the following is best?
Draw from the IV
Draw below the IV site
Draw above the IV site
Draw from the leg or foot
55
What percent of blood is the formed elements?
35
45
55
60
56
Why should the first drop of blood be wiped away during capillary puncture?
To avoid bacterial contamination
Eliminate tissue fluid contamination
Reduce effects of hemoconcentration
Minimize platelet aggregation
57
Which is an example of a nosocomial infection?
Patient breaks out with measles the day after admission
Patient is admitted for contracting COVID-19
Catheter site of a patient in the ICU becomes infected
Healthcare worker contracts HBV from a needlestick
58
Why should the phleb document that a specimen has been collected by capillary puncture?
Because reference ranges vary depending on the method of collection
So that the provider can check the site for signs of infection
So that subsequent collections will be collected via capillary puncture
To ensure the facility is billed correctly for the procedure
59
Under which isolation status would you need to wear an N-95 before entering the room?
Contact
Protective
Airborne
Droplet
60
PPE= Protective Personal Equipment
True
False
61
Which of the following would not be considered a preanalytical error?
Mislabeling aliquot tube
Using the wrong OOD
Misreporting pt results
Failure to mix blood and additive
62
According to standard first aid procedures, severe external bleeding is best controlled by:
Applying direct pressure
Keeping the injured area below the level of the heart
Applying a tourniquet
Raising the victim's head above the level of the injury
63
What is the proper additive in the following tubes, in order: light-blue, lavender, gray top
Citrate, EDTA,sodium fluoride
Heparin, EDTA, Thixotropic Gel
EDTA, citrate, heparin
64
Which condition is LEAST likely to be a reason for specimen rejection?
Hemolyzed electrolyte specimen
Lipemic- fasting glucose
Icteric -bilirubin specimen
Clotted specimen for CBC
65
When collecting BCX with a butterfly which bottle should be filled first?
Anaerobic
Either one, it does not matter
Discard tube must be drawn first
Aerobic
66
The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is:
TSH
FSH
LH
HCG
67
Which is the proper order for putting on the following PPE:
Gown, gloves, goggles, mask
Mask, goggles, gown, gloves
Gloves, goggles, gown, mask
Gown, mask, goggles, gloves
68
Which type of PPE must be removed after leaving the patients room and closing the door?
Goggles
Surgical mask
Respirator
Gloves
69
If a phlebotomist ________ they are negligent.
Does not obtain a specimen from a combative patient
Fails to put the needle and holder in the sharps container
Puts a bedrail in an upright position when leaving
Reports obvious changes in the patient’s condition
70
What is the proper blood to additive ratio for a light blue top?
4:1
8:1
3:1
9:1
71
Which test must be completed on anticoagulated whole blood?
TSH
PTT
BUN
CBC
72
Creatinine Clearance is mostly performed on blood?
True
False
73
Levels of which of the following can differ by 50% or more between morning and afternoon?
Cortisol
BUN
CBC
Sodium
74
Which of the following tests could be collected using a tube other than a trace element tube?
Sodium
Zinc
Lead
Copper
75
The purpose of protective isolation is to:
Protect patients who are highly susceptible to infection
Prevent airborne transmission of contagious diseases
Protect others from patients with transmissible diseases
Provide a safe environment for psychiatric patients
76
Which is an example of a work practice control that reduces the risk of exposure to BBP?
Hand decontamination
HBV vaccination
Exposure control plan
Biohazard symbol
77
Why are EDTA specimens collected first by skin puncture?
To prevent contamination from carryover
To minimize tissue fluid contamination
To minimize the effects of platelet clumping
To reduce negative effects of hemolysis
78
The most critical aspect of BCX collection is:
Amount of specimen
Needle guage
Skin asepsis
Specimen handling
79
The phlebotomist in an outpatient drawing center is not familiar with an ordered test. What should they do?
Refer to the collection manual for instruction
Send the patient to another drawing center
Draw both a plasma and serum sample
Call the Dr. Office for assistance
80
Why should you not collect a CBC from a screaming infant?
WBC count will be falsely elevated
Specimen will be more likely to hemolyze
Platelets are more likely to clump
Specimen will be hemoconcentrated
81
Which additive is normally present in a lavender tube?
EDTA
Citrate
Silica
Heparin
82
A major difference between arteries and veins is veins :
Carry blood away from the heart
Have one-way valves
Carry blood that is oxygen-rich
Are larger and thicker
83
The phleb begins to stick and as they do the pt jumps and pulls the arm away. Can the phleb restick with this needle?
False
True
84
Which vein is your last choice?
Basilic
Cephalic
Median
85
The purpose of a antiglycolytic agent is to:
Preserve glucose
Prevent clotting
Inhibit microbes
Enhance clotting
86
Which tube should be collected for a type and crossmatch?
Pink top
Sodium Heparin
Gel barrier
Grey top
87
A 2 hour postpradinal test should be drawn:
2 hours after the patient has eaten a meal
2 hours before the patient has eaten a meal
2 hours before normal waking time
2 hours after waking time
88
If an in pt is asleep when you arrive to draw it is okay to draw them while they are sleeping if they first confirm ID?
True
False
89
What size needle is the standard size for venipuncture?
18
23
21
22
90
You do not need to verbally confirm pt ID on an in. pt; checking the wristband is sufficient?
False
True
91
Which solution is normally used to clean a site before venipunctures?
Chloraprep
Iodine
70% isopropyl alcohol
Chlorahexadine Gluconate
92
The gel in the bottom of a tube is called Thixotropic Gel?
True
False
93
According to CLSI standards which is used to disinfect the site for bcx collection?
70% Isopropyl Alcohol
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Povodine-Iodine
Benzalkonium Chloride
94
The receiving chambers of the heart are:
Ventricles
Chordae tendineae
Atria
Vena cava
95
Which vein is your first choice?
Cephalic
Basilic
Median
96
Which infection will require the healthcare worker to clean hands with soap and water?
Measles
C. diff
MRSA
Tuberculosis
97
Which of the following represents the proper direction of blood flow?
Veins to venules to capillaries
Arteries to veins to capillaries
Arterioles to capillaries to venules
Capillaries to arterioles to arteries
98
What does the term calcaneus mean?
Osteomyelitis
Bone infection
Contains Calcium
Heel bone
99
Some test specimens require immediate cooling in ice to:
Prevent actuvatjon of cold agglutinins
Separate serum more completely
Prevent the specimen from clotting
Slow down metabolic processes
100
Vaccination against HBV involves:
A dose of the vaccine,second dose 1 month later, third dose 6 months later.
3 doses, each 3 months apart, then yearly doses thereafter.
A single dose that makes you immune for life
None of the answers are correct
