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Duplicate of 2020 AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of 2020 AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of 2020 AP Psych Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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Questions
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Answers
1
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
behaviorism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
2
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
sing a song
print letters
tie shoe laces
3
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
4
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
longitundinal
cross-sectional
sequential
5
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
extinction
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
6
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
7
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
8
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
9
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
10
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
a sedative
a narcotic
11
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
12
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
correlation coefficients
percentiles
standard deviation
13
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
14
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a projective test
15
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
thalamus
pineal gland
corpus callosum
16
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
17
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
18
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
behavioral
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
19
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
20
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
crystallized
fluid
procedural
21
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
22
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
23
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the experimental group
the correlational group
24
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
25
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
26
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
intermediate-term
long-term
sensory
27
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
accuracy of inference
predictability
28
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
stereotypes
schematizing
29
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
questionnaires
psychological tests
direct observation
30
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
midpoint
mode
31
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
relearning
recognition
32
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
33
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
34
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
memory
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
35
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
36
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
37
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
38
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
39
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
40
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
41
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
medulla
42
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
43
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
schema
script
semantic network
44
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
45
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
46
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
psychological stability
47
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
sedatives
narcotics
alcohol
48
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
medulla
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
49
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
50
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
operant conditioning
51
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the cephalopedal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
52
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
personality
behavioral quality
temperament
53
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
tumor ligation
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
54
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
repression
55
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time awake
cultural practices
amount of time alseep
56
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
constancy
symmetry
similiarity
57
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
IQ
58
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
been dreaming
59
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
oral
anal
genital
60
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
61
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
serotonin
endorphin
acetylcholine
62
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test norms
test scales
test scores
63
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
temporal lobe
oval window
stirrup
64
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
65
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
preconventional
conventional
concrete
66
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
prenatals
teratogens
opiates
67
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
perception
sensation
processing
68
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
69
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
70
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
71
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
72
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
musical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
73
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
74
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
75
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
light
food/meat powder
tone
76
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
modeled
ablated
77
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
delta
gamma
alpha
78
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
79
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
80
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
81
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
low in openness
82
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
83
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
84
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
85
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
reticular formation
86
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
abstract operations
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
87
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
88
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
shared inhibition
strange situation
secure-avoidant
89
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
saturation
color
brightness
90
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
loudness
timbre
decibels
91
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
selection
stimulus discrimination
shaping
92
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
93
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
94
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
95
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
escape learning
avoidance learning
96
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
sadness
fear
surprise
97
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
98
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
99
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender roles
100
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
iris
lens
vitreous humor
