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AP Psych Exam Final Review
AP Psych Exam Final Review
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1
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process called?
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
2
Which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test?
humanist
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
3
Authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
4
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
5
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality?
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
6
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another?
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
7
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
adrenaline
dopamine
serotonin
8
Which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder?
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
9
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
10
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
11
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
mid 30s
puberty
12
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
13
Children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
14
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy?
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
15
Which social psychology principle best explains prejudice?
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
individualism
in-group bias
16
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again.
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
17
A musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
difference threshold
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
18
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
operant conditioning
19
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal?
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
20
Classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
21
A charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
22
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
law of effect
23
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
24
Testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
25
Damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense?
hearing
vision
touch
balance
26
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory?
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
27
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients?
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
gestalt therapy
28
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
group polarization
deindividuation
groupthink
29
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies with the line comparisons?
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
30
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
fixed ratio
31
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful?
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
32
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
33
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
34
Which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food?
rooting
Moro
Babinski
stepping
35
Which is an example of an implicit memory?
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
36
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
37
In the 3-stage model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
38
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits?
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
39
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
40
Which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
41
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods?
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
42
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams?
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
43
Milgram's obedience study was most criticized based on what ethical grounds?
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
44
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
45
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
naturalistic observation
correlation study
case study
46
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
47
Turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound?
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
48
Which is most closely associated with creativity?
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
49
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
50
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
51
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense?
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
52
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
sublimation
projection
displacement
53
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
54
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
55
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
EQ test
56
Negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : increase
remove : decrease
add : decrease
57
What is the first step in any example of classical conditioning?
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
58
A test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
59
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
latent learning
sublimation
60
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality?
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
61
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
62
What is the purpose of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)?
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explores potential new cures for psychological disorders
63
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
64
An A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer?
secondary
primary
continuous
partial
65
What factors are exaggerated in importance when people make decisions about others' behaviors but not their own?
situational
behavioral
social
dispositional
66
What kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
67
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
situational
fundamental
68
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
standardization
construct validity
aptitude measures
69
The somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
70
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
71
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
72
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
73
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
74
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
75
Which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias?
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
single blind study
double blind study
76
Which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision?
rods
optic nerve
cornea
cones
77
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
convergence
closure
linear perspective
78
The "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
holobase
morpheme
grapheme
79
Which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy?
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
80
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would be showing
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
81
Psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
anixety
personality
schizophrenic
82
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
83
Light enters the eye through an opening called the ___; it is transduced into a neural signal by receptors in the ___
pupil; retina
blind spot; retina
retina; pupil
fovea; iris
84
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
85
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink?
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
86
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept?
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
motor development
87
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
88
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
89
Which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is?
standard deviation
range
mean
median
90
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
91
What kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time?
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
learned drives
extrinsic motivation
92
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
MRI
EEG
rTMS
93
Which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
cerebellum
94
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory?
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
95
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature?
humanistic
cognitive
trait
psychoanalytic
96
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
97
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage?
conservation
object permanence
attachment
universal ethical principles
98
Which structure of the brain is critical to maintaining normal heart beat and respiration?
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
medulla
sensory cortex
99
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
100
Counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
REBT