Pathophysiology: Acid-Base Balance and Shock

Question 1

The most important buffer in the human body is:

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate

Question 2

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion, also called hypoperfusion, is called:

Accepted Answer

Shock

Question 3

Which of the following is a cause of obstructive shock?

Accepted Answer

Tension pneumothorax, Pulmonary embolism

Question 4

The form of shock associated with infection and sometimes called warm shock is:

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Question 5

______________ causes fever to develop.

Accepted Answer

Pyrogens

Question 6

__________________________ is defined as the disease causing ability of a microorganism.

Accepted Answer

Virulence

Question 7

A patient who is hypoventilating and has a pH of 6.84 is in a state of:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Question 8

Heat, redness, tenderness, swelling, and pain are signs and symptoms of a (an):

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory response.

Question 9

_______________ is a product of anaerobic metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Lactic acidosis

Question 10

Your trauma patient is having difficulty breathing and has JVD. You should suspect:

Accepted Answer

Obstructive shock

Question 11

Which of the following is a protective response?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Question 12

Normal blood pH range is?

Accepted Answer

7.35-7.45

Question 13

What is necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Cell death

Question 14

pH represents the number of:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ions

Question 15

This form of shock is caused by excessive and prolonged vomiting and diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Question 16

Which of the following are early signs of shock?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety, Pallor

Question 17

A normal capillary refill time is:

Accepted Answer

less than 2 seconds

Question 18

The form of shock caused by relative blood loss from vasodilation is caused:

Accepted Answer

Distributive shock

Question 19

Which organs regulate blood pH (Select 2)?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys, Lungs

Question 20

Respiratory acidosis can be caused by:

Accepted Answer

Decreased minute volume.

Question 21

In this form of shock the heart rate will remain slow or normal due to loss of sympathetic tone.

Accepted Answer

Neurogenic

Question 22

What is a free radical?

Accepted Answer

Unstable molecule

Question 23

This form of shock is caused by dysrhythmias, atrioventricular valve failure, or myocardial infarction.

Accepted Answer

Cardiogenic shock

Question 24

Normal cell death is called:

Accepted Answer

apoptosis

Question 25

In an adult patient, a systolic BP less than ______ mmhg indicates decompensated shock.

Accepted Answer

90

Question 26

A child who ate a bottle of TUMS is likely in a state of:

Accepted Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 27

The first line treatment for anaphylactic shock is with trouble breathing is:

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine IM

Question 28

Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 29

Concurrent failure of 2 or more organs or organ systems initially unharmed by the acute condition is called:

Accepted Answer

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

Question 30

You do not have a BP cuff. You should assume your patient is in decompensated shock when you determine there is:

Accepted Answer

Altered mental status, loss of radial pulses

Question 31

Lungs adjust pH by:

Accepted Answer

Adjusting the respiratory rate.

Question 32

Vomiting:

Accepted Answer

Raises pH

Question 33

Abnormal cell death is called:

Accepted Answer

necrosis

Question 34

Aspirin overdose, fever, and overzealous ventilation can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 35

Kidneys respond to pH imbalance by:

Accepted Answer

Excreting H+ ions

Question 36

Select the three forms of distributive shock.

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactic, Neurogenic, Septic

Question 37

Flat jugular veins in an accident patient who is laying supine indicates:

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhagic shock

Pathophysiology: Acid-Base Balance and Shock

Questions 37

Pathophysiology: Acid-Base Balance and Shock

Questions 37