Which of the following are common developmental concerns for school-age children? (Select all that apply)

Peer relationships and socialization, Excessive screen time, Body image concerns influenced by peers

School-age children (6-12 years) often have fears related to:

Fear of bodily harm and losing control

Which of the following statements is correct regarding pediatric assessment?

Atraumatic care is vital in pediatric assessments.

What is the primary goal of anticipatory guidance in pediatric nursing?

To reduce anxiety and prepare the child & family for upcoming health events

What is the primary complication associated with mumps (parotitis)?

Orchitis (testicular inflammation)

Which of the following are considered normal neurodevelopmental changes in an infant? (Select all that apply)

Brain growth reaches 50% of adult size by 6 months., Reflexes begin transitioning to purposeful movements.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the sensorimotor stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

The child develops object permanence.

What is the correct method for managing fever in pediatric patients?

Use acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever management

Which of the following accurately describes how infants develop mental representation according to Piaget’s theory?

They develop mental images of objects that are no longer in sight.

When assessing a 4-year-old child, which of the following should a nurse be aware of based on Piaget?

The child is in the concrete operational stage and can perform logical task

At 4 months of age, which of the following gross motor skills is typically observed?

No head lag, head held unsupported

Use a nasal aspirator or Neosucker.

Which of the following influences a child’s health? (Select all that apply)

Family structure and dynamics, Community health resources, Cultural beliefs and values

Which of the following statements about the FLACC pain scale is correct?

The FLACC scale includes five categories

The infant's immunologic system is supported by:

Maternal IgG antibodies for the first 3-6 months., The infant’s own IgG antibodies reaching 60% of adult levels by 12 months.

Which of the following is important when providing care to pediatric clients? (Select all that apply.)

Ensure that comfort techniques and distraction are used during procedures., Always respect the child's autonomy, especially with adolescents., Avoid involving the family in care decisions.

When using the FLACC pain scale, which of the following categories should be assessed? (Select all that apply.)

Facial expression, Leg movement, Activity, Crying & Consolability

Which of the following assessment techniques are important when assessing toddlers?

Offer choices to the child to encourage participation., Allow the child to sit on the caregiver’s lap for comfort., Use the FLACC scale for pain assessment.

Which of the following strategies should the nurse use to support parents during their child's hospitalization?

Provide emotional reassurance and encourage parental involvement

When providing pain management to a preschooler, which of the following are important considerations?

Use age-appropriate language to explain pain., Engage the child in distraction techniques., Recognize that magical thinking may make them perceive pain as punishment.

What is a key consideration when managing an infant with a fever over 104°F?

Initiate antipyretic treatment immediately

Which of the following best describes Piaget’s formal operational stage (ages 12 and up)?

The individual can think abstractly, logically, and hypothetically.

Which of the following are appropriate for managing pediatric pain in toddlers?

Use distraction techniques., Use the FLACC scale.

A patient with scarlet fever is placed on droplet precautions. How long will the patient remain contagious?

24 hours after starting antibiotics

Which of the following methods should be used to administer eye drops to a pediatric patient?

Pull the lower eyelid down and place the drops into the lower sac.

What are important considerations when assessing the level of consciousness in pediatric patients?

Preschoolers can respond to questions and describe symptoms., Toddlers can point to simple objects., School-age children and adolescents can also describe symptoms accurately., Infants may not answer questions but can show developmental milestones.

How can a nurse reduce anxiety for a child undergoing a medical procedure?

Use a calm voice and simple language

Which of the following is a key consideration when providing end-of-life care for a child? (Select all that apply)

Offering emotional support for both the child and family, Managing pain and providing comfort measures, Involving the family in the care process and allowing them to express grief

Which of the following nursing interventions are helpful for children with chronic illness?

Providing emotional support and building rapport with the family, Offering educational resources about the illness and treatment

In adolescence, the Tanner stages:

Reflect the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics

According to Freud, which of the following is the primary focus of an infant during the oral stage of development?

Exploration through oral activities such as sucking and chewing

A school-age child typically grows:

6–7 cm (2.5 in) in height and 3–3.5 kg (7 lb) in weight annually

Which of the following are appropriate interventions for obtaining a urine specimen from an infant?

Use a non-sterile nursing bag for testing ketones and glucose., Perform straight catheterization for sterile specimens.

An infant typically demonstrates the following language development: (Select all that apply)

Babbling and laughing by 4-7 months., Crying and cooing at birth to 3 months., Imitates sounds by 9-12 months.

What is the most appropriate intervention to prevent suffocation in an infant during sleep?

Place the infant on their back to sleep with no soft bedding

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NUR-221 Exam One

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1
Which of the following are common developmental concerns for school-age children? (Select all that apply)
Peer relationships and socialization
Fear of imaginary creatures
Excessive screen time
Body image concerns influenced by peers
2
What communicable disease is this indicative of?
Varicella
Measles
Coxsackie disease
Scarlet fever
3
School-age children (6-12 years) often have fears related to:
Fear of abandonment and separation from family
Fear of death and the unknown
Fear of bodily harm and losing control
Fear of strangers and unfamiliar environments
4
Which of the following statements is correct regarding pediatric assessment?
The least invasive procedures should always be done last.
Children can usually understand complex medical terminology.
Atraumatic care is vital in pediatric assessments.
Pediatric pain assessments should only focus on physical signs.
5
Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated in a child with a severe egg allergy?
Hepatitis B
Varicella
Yellow Fever
MMR
6
What is the primary goal of anticipatory guidance in pediatric nursing?
To minimize the number of procedures the child will undergo
To provide a detailed explanation of all medical diagnoses
To reduce anxiety and prepare the child & family for upcoming health events
To prevent future hospitalizations
7
At what age does the anterior fontanel typically close?
12-18 months
24-30 months
6-9 months
2-3 months
8
What is the primary complication associated with mumps (parotitis)?
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Orchitis (testicular inflammation)
Sepsis
9
Which of the following are considered normal neurodevelopmental changes in an infant? (Select all that apply)
The infant’s brain remains immature throughout the first year.
Brain growth reaches 50% of adult size by 6 months.
Reflexes begin transitioning to purposeful movements.
The infant experiences complete myelination of the brain at birth.
10
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the sensorimotor stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
The child uses abstract reasoning and problem-solving strategies.
The child develops object permanence.
The child is able to perform complex mathematical operations.
The child is able to think logically and perform mental operations.
11
What is the correct method for managing fever in pediatric patients?
Apply cold baths to reduce fever
Use acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever management
Restrict fluid intake to avoid increasing body temperature
Give aspirin for fever
12
Which of the following is a common stressor for infants (0-12 months) during hospitalization?
Concern for body image
Fear of losing autonomy
Fear of bodily harm
Separation anxiety
13
Which of the following accurately describes how infants develop mental representation according to Piaget’s theory?
They begin to speak and understand words at 3 months.
They develop mental images of objects that are no longer in sight.
They only respond to sensory stimulation without mental processes.
They develop object permanence at birth.
14
When assessing a 4-year-old child, which of the following should a nurse be aware of based on Piaget?
The child is in the formal operational stage and can think abstractly.
The child is in the preoperational stage and may engage in magical thinking
The child has mastered the concept of conservation and logical thinking.
The child is in the concrete operational stage and can perform logical task
15
At 4 months of age, which of the following gross motor skills is typically observed?
No head lag, head held unsupported
Head lag
Walking with support
Rolling from belly to back
16
What communicable disease is this indicative of?
Pertussis
Mumps
Coxsackie Virus
Measles
17
Use a bulb syringe.
Use a nasal aspirator or Neosucker.
Use a Yankauer suction.
Use a bulb syringe.
Use a standard suction catheter.
18
Which of the following influences a child’s health? (Select all that apply)
Family structure and dynamics
The child’s academic performance
Community health resources
Cultural beliefs and values
19
Which of the following statements about the FLACC pain scale is correct?
The FLACC scale is appropriate for school-age children and adolescents.
The FLACC scale is used to assess pain in infants only.
The FLACC scale includes five categories
20
What safety measure is recommended to prevent falls in an infant?
Use a high crib mattress
Allow the infant to crawl freely without supervision
Keep the crib open for easy access
Use safety gates on stairs
21
The infant's immunologic system is supported by:
No immunity until 12 months.
Full immunity by 6 months.
Maternal IgG antibodies for the first 3-6 months.
The infant’s own IgG antibodies reaching 60% of adult levels by 12 months.
22
Which of the following is important when providing care to pediatric clients? (Select all that apply.)
Ensure that comfort techniques and distraction are used during procedures.
Always respect the child's autonomy, especially with adolescents.
Minimize disruption to the child's routine to reduce anxiety.
Avoid involving the family in care decisions.
23
When using the FLACC pain scale, which of the following categories should be assessed? (Select all that apply.)
Facial expression
Leg movement
Activity
Crying & Consolability
24
Which of the following assessment techniques are important when assessing toddlers?
Offer choices to the child to encourage participation.
Allow the child to sit on the caregiver’s lap for comfort.
Ask the child to identify the location of pain.
Use the FLACC scale for pain assessment.
25
Which of the following strategies should the nurse use to support parents during their child's hospitalization?
Limit communication to the family to avoid overwhelming them
Provide emotional reassurance and encourage parental involvement
Tell parents that everything will be fine without providing details
Encourage the parents to remain detached from the situation
26
What is the primary safety concern when an infant is near water?
The risk of falling
The risk of drowning
The risk of burns
The risk of suffocation
27
When providing pain management to a preschooler, which of the following are important considerations?
Use age-appropriate language to explain pain.
Engage the child in distraction techniques.
Avoid offering choices about pain management.
Recognize that magical thinking may make them perceive pain as punishment.
28
What is a key consideration when managing an infant with a fever over 104°F?
Restrict fluids to prevent further heat production
Wait for the fever to resolve on its own
Immediately give a cold bath
Initiate antipyretic treatment immediately
29
Which of the following best describes Piaget’s formal operational stage (ages 12 and up)?
The individual can think abstractly, logically, and hypothetically.
The child can perform logical operations on concrete events.
The child uses symbolic thinking and begins to engage in imaginative play.
The child begins to understand the permanence of objects.
30
Which of the following are appropriate for managing pediatric pain in toddlers?
Expect the toddler to accurately describe pain.
Use distraction techniques.
Rely solely on non-verbal cues to assess pain.
Use the FLACC scale.
31
A patient with scarlet fever is placed on droplet precautions. How long will the patient remain contagious?
For the duration of the illness
3-5 days after starting antibiotics
24 hours after starting antibiotics
Until the rash resolves
32
Which of the following methods should be used to administer eye drops to a pediatric patient?
Pull the lower eyelid down and place the drops into the lower sac.
Insert the drops directly into the eye without touching the eyelid.
Place the drops on a cotton ball and apply it to the eyelid.
Have the child close their eyes and apply the drops on the closed eyelid.
33
What are important considerations when assessing the level of consciousness in pediatric patients?
Preschoolers can respond to questions and describe symptoms.
Toddlers can point to simple objects.
School-age children and adolescents can also describe symptoms accurately.
Infants may not answer questions but can show developmental milestones.
34
Which of the following is a typical characteristic of the rash seen in scarlet fever?
Blistering rash around the mouth
Red, sandpaper-like rash
Pink maculopapular rash with a "slapped cheek" appearance
Bullous lesions with a clear center
35
How can a nurse reduce anxiety for a child undergoing a medical procedure?
Avoid explaining the procedure to the child
Provide detailed descriptions of the procedure in medical terms
Use a calm voice and simple language
Minimize parental involvement during the procedure
36
Which site is most commonly used for intramuscular (IM) vaccine administration in infants?
Vastus Lateralis
Deltoid
Gluteus
Triceps
37
Which of the following would be a concern if an infant has difficulty transitioning to finger foods at 12 months?
Difficulty with speech development
Inability to drink from a bottle
Poor motor development
Poor social development
38
Which of the following is a key consideration when providing end-of-life care for a child? (Select all that apply)
Offering emotional support for both the child and family
Managing pain and providing comfort measures
Involving the family in the care process and allowing them to express grief
Focusing solely on medical procedures to improve the child’s condition
39
Which of the following nursing interventions are helpful for children with chronic illness?
Encouraging the child to remain isolated from others to reduce stress
Providing emotional support and building rapport with the family
Ignoring the child’s emotional needs to focus on medical procedures
Offering educational resources about the illness and treatment
40
At 12 months, an infant typically demonstrates which developmental milestone?
Rolls from supine to prone
Crawls
Sits up without support
Walks independently
41
In adolescence, the Tanner stages:
Are a classification system for cognitive development
Reflect the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics
Only apply to male adolescents
Are used to describe emotional maturity
42
When should a newborn's weight double?
By 5-6 months
By 9 months
By 12 months
By 3-4 months
43
What is the primary concern for infants and young children when they experience a fever over 104°F?
Potential seizure
Dehydration
Inability to regulate body temperature
Brain damage
44
What type of play activity is recommended for a 3-6 month old infant?
Watching television
Holding rattles and soft toys
Playing with blocks
Listening to music
45
According to Freud, which of the following is the primary focus of an infant during the oral stage of development?
Focus on social interaction with peers
Control over bladder and bowel movements
Development of trust through consistent care
Exploration through oral activities such as sucking and chewing
46
A school-age child typically grows:
8–9 cm (3 in) in height and 4–5 kg (9 lb) in weight annually
4–5 cm (2 in) in height and 2–3 kg (5 lb) in weight annually
7–10 cm (4 in) in height and 5–6 kg (10 lb) in weight annually
6–7 cm (2.5 in) in height and 3–3.5 kg (7 lb) in weight annually
47
Which of the following are appropriate interventions for obtaining a urine specimen from an infant?
Perform a clean catch method.
Use a non-sterile nursing bag for testing ketones and glucose.
Use a sterile collection cup for a urine sample.
Perform straight catheterization for sterile specimens.
48
An infant typically demonstrates the following language development: (Select all that apply)
Speaks simple words by 3-4 months.
Babbling and laughing by 4-7 months.
Crying and cooing at birth to 3 months.
Imitates sounds by 9-12 months.
49
A child presents with a rash that started on the face and has spread to the body. The rash is pink and maculopapular.
Measles (rubeola)
Roseola
Fifth disease
Rubella (German measles)
50
What is the most appropriate intervention to prevent suffocation in an infant during sleep?
Place the infant on their side to sleep
Use a soft blanket and pillows in the crib
Place the infant on their stomach to sleep
Place the infant on their back to sleep with no soft bedding
51
What is the most common form of communication for an infant up to 3 months of age?
Gestures
Babbling
Crying
Laughing
52
Which strategies are most effective when communicating with preschoolers (3-6 years)?
Avoid discussing procedures until immediately before they occur
Speak in complex medical terms to show authority
Prepare the child well in advance and use play therapy
Use simple, clear language and offer choices
53
Which temperature measurement method is appropriate for a child under the age of 3?
Axillary temperature.
Temporal artery thermometer.
Rectal temperature.
Oral temperature.
54
Which of the following is the most appropriate motor skill for a 2-month-old infant?
Moves all extremities, head lag present
Sits unsupported
Rolls from belly to back
Begins to walk with support
55
Which of the following is NOT an age-appropriate activity for a 6-9-month-old infant?
Playing with soft balls
Engaging in peek-a-boo
Engaging in interactive play with peers
Playing with stacking toys
56
What is the average weight gain for an infant from birth to 6 months?
100-150g per week
1 kg per month
2 kg per month
150-200g per week
57
The toddler’s gross motor skills development includes: (Select all that apply)
Pedaling a tricycle by 36 months
Running and climbing furniture by 24 months
Climbing stairs with assistance by 18 months
Walking independently by 12 months
58
What is the management for an infant with roseola?
Acyclovir and isolation
Fever management and hydration
Oral rehydration solutions and steroids
Topical antibiotics
59
What is the recommended approach to managing pain in an adolescent patient?
Use a numeric pain scale to allow for self-reporting.
Assume that adolescents will openly communicate their pain.
Adolescents may underreport pain due to fear of judgment.
Ignore the adolescent's preference for pain management methods.
60
Adolescents in Piaget’s formal operational stage are capable of:
Developing symbolic play
Abstract thinking and problem-solving
Concrete thinking and logical reasoning
Magical thinking and egocentrism
61
Which of the following is the expected growth pattern for toddlers?
Increases in height by 1 inch per year
Gains 4-6 inches per year
Gains 6-8 lbs per year
Gains 3-5 lbs per year
62
Which of the following best describes Piaget’s stage of concrete operations (ages 7-11)?
The child is capable of abstract reasoning and problem-solving.
The child is still unable to perform logical thinking.
The child can think abstractly and is capable of deductive reasoning.
The child begins to develop the ability to think logically.
63
Which of the following is a key feature of Erikson’s "Trust vs. Mistrust" stage (infancy)?
The child develops a sense of selfidentity &begins to explore independence.
The child learns to establish intimate relationships with others.
The child develops a sense of security based on care and affection.
The child becomes focused on mastering skills and competencies.
64
Which of the following vaccines is administered via the oral route to infants?
Hepatitis B
DTaP
Rotavirus
MMR
65
At birth, a newborn’s weight typically is:
2.5 kg (5.5 lb)
3.0 kg (6.6 lb)
4.0 kg (8.8 lb)
3.4 kg (7.5 lb)
66
At what age is the first tooth typically expected to erupt in an infant?
18-24 months
6-10 months
12-15 months
3-5 months
67
Which of the following viral infections is transmitted via respiratory droplets and airborne particles?
Measles (Rubeola)
Coxsackievirus
Mumps
Roseola
68
When measuring blood pressure in a pediatric patient, which of the following is true?
The cuff should cover 40% of the arm length.
The cuff should cover 80-100% of the arm circumference.
The cuff should cover 50-80% of the arm circumference.
The cuff should cover 100% of the arm length.
69
What is the correct management for an infant with varicella (chickenpox)?
Steroids and pain management
Antibiotics and hydration
Isolation and acyclovir
Intravenous fluids and wound care
70
Which of the following is true regarding the assessment of an infant’s vital signs?
The posterior fontanelle closes by 12 months.
Rectal temperature is the most accurate method for infants.
Respiratory rate should be assessed by auscultating over the clavicle.
Anterior fontanelles close by the time the infant reaches 18 months.
71
Which of the following are key considerations for younger children when performing assessments? (Select all that apply.)
Use highly complex medical terminology when explaining procedures.
Use distraction techniques during painful procedures.
Adapt communication to the child's developmental level.
Provide atraumatic care.
72
Which of the following should be considered when performing a pediatric assessment on a school-age child?
Engage in conversation to build trust.
Provide explanations for each step of the procedure.
Ask the child about their preferences for the procedure.
Offer choices to encourage cooperation.
73
How can cultural sensitivity impact pediatric nursing care?
It allows the nurse to impose their own beliefs on the family’s care
It emphasizes providing only standard medical interventions
It disregards the cultural background of the patient
It ensures that care aligns with the family’s values and beliefs
74
Which of the following is a common developmental concern for preschoolers?
Lying due to egocentric thinking
Temper tantrums caused by frustration
Overcoming toilet training issues
Lack of socialization skills
75
Which of the following assessment techniques are appropriate for infants? (Select all that apply.)
Conduct the exam when the infant is calm or sleeping.
Allow the infant to sit on a caregiver’s lap for comfort.
Expose only necessary areas of the body.
Use a soothing voice or pacifier to comfort the infant.
76
Which of the following is normal regarding an infant's weight during the first year? (Select all that apply)
The infant loses 5-10% of their birth weight in the first week.
The infant's weight doubles by 6 months.
The infant’s weight should remain stable after birth.
The infant’s weight triples by 12 months.
77
Which of the following is true regarding cultural sensitivity in pain assessment?
Pain assessment should consider variations in how pain is expressed.
The FLACC scale is inappropriate for children from cultural backgrounds.
Pain intensity is universally understood across all cultures.
The Oucher scale should be used with cultural sensitivity in mind.
78
Which of the following are common reactions to illness and hospitalization for infants and toddlers?
Limited understanding, reacting to separation and unfamiliar surroundings
Fear of bodily harm and magical thinking
Separation anxiety and fear of the unknown
Anxiety about body image and loss of independence
79
Which of the following statements about oxygen administration in pediatric patients is true?
The nasal cannula can deliver oxygen at a rate of 1-6 L/min.
The simple face mask can be used for infants.
Younger children should not receive more than 4L/min via nasal cannula.
The simple face mask can deliver oxygen at 6-10 L/min.
80
Which of the following is a typical sign of impetigo?
A "slapped cheek" rash on the face
A maculopapular rash that spreads to the entire body
Koplik spots inside the mouth
A crusted lesion around the nose or mouth
81
Which of the following is true regarding the cardiac assessment in children?
A carotid pulse should be assessed for infants.
Preschoolers and older children can have their radial pulse checked.
The brachial pulse is only used for infants.
In infants and toddlers, the brachial pulse should be used for assessment.
82
Which of the following strategies help minimize psychological and physical distress for children during medical care?
Offering choices to increase the child's sense of control
Using harsh or direct language to explain procedures
Keeping the child away from their parents during procedures
Administering medications without explaining the purpose
83
At age 5, a preschooler's weight and height typically are:
96.2 cm (37 in) and 14.5 kg (32 lb)
125 cm (50 in) and 22 kg (48 lb)
118.5 cm (43 in) and 18.6 kg (41 lb)
120 cm (47 in) and 20 kg (44 lb)
84
What communicable disease is this indicative of?
Scarlet fever
Roseola
Measles
Fifth disease
85
Which of the following is included in the immunization schedule for an infant at 2 months of age? Select all that apply
DTaP
IPV
Hepatitis B
Hib
86
When performing a physical assessment on a preschooler, which of the following strategies are appropriate?
Use simple explanations to prepare the child.
Offer choices to encourage cooperation.
Allow the child to sit on the caregiver's lap for comfort.
Use toys to engage the child.
87
Which of the following is a key concept in Freud’s Phallic stage of development?
The child’s behavior centers on creating bonds with peers in school.
The child begins to experience pleasure from activities such as eating.
The child’s libido is focused on bowel and bladder control.
The child’s libido is focused on the genital area, & OedipusElectra complex
88
Which of the following is an appropriate safety precaution to reduce the risk of poisoning in infants?
Leave medications in easy-to-reach areas
Keep cleaning supplies in open cabinets
Install carbon monoxide detectors
Keep all medications in childproof containers
89
What is the period of communicability for pertussis (whooping cough)?
Greatest during the catarrhal stage, up to 4 weeks after symptom onset
Until the rash disappears
1-2 days before the cough begins
24 hours after starting antibiotics
90
When assessing pain in an adolescent, which of the following is the most appropriate tool to use?
The Numeric pain scale.
The FACES pain scale.
The Oucher pain scale.
The FLACC scale.
91
At what age do infants begin to develop the ability to show a preference for primary caregivers?
3 months
6 months
12 months
9 months
92
The NIPS is used to assess pain in neonates and infants. Which of the following behaviors does the NIPS scale a
Crying
Arm movements
Facial expression
Crying & breathing patterns
93
According to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, which of the following is the primary challenge for adolescents?
Integrity versus despair
Trust versus mistrust
Identity versus role confusion
Initiative versus guilt
94
How is the coxsackievirus (hand, foot, and mouth disease) primarily transmitted?
Airborne transmission
Droplet transmission only
Fecal-oral route and respiratory droplets
Direct contact with blood
95
Which of the following foods should be introduced first when introducing solid foods to an infant at 6 months of age?
Single-grain cereal
Whole milk
Pureed vegetables
Pureed meats
96
What is an important consideration when introducing solid foods to an infant at 6 months?
Mix solid foods with formula or breast milk
Introduce finger foods immediately
Start with rice cereal and wait 4-7 days before introducing other foods
Use a bottle to feed solid foods
97
Which of the following are pain assessment tools appropriate for the age group?
FACES scale for preschoolers.
NIPS scale for infants.
Numeric scale for adolescents.
FLACC scale for toddlers.
98
When performing a physical exam on a school-age child, which of the following should be done?
Offer choices to encourage cooperation.
Ignore the child’s concerns about the procedure.
Explain each step of the procedure clearly.
Use toys to distract the child during the exam.
99
A child has been diagnosed with Coxsackievirus. Which of the following is the most important aspect of care?
Pain relief for mouth sores
Administration of oral antibiotics
Fever management
Isolation from other children
100
When assessing respiratory function in an infant, where should the stethoscope be placed?
At the midline of the chest.
Below the ribs.
At the nipple line (4th intercostal space).
At the clavicle.
101
The toddler's language development includes:
Follows simple one-step commands by 12 months.
Can express two-to-three-word sentences by 24 months.
Can form full sentences by age 2.
Can follow multi-step commands by 36 months.
102
Which of the following are true regarding the use of the FACES pain scale in pediatric patients?
The FACES scale is appropriate for preschoolers.
The FACES scale can be used to assess pain in infants.
The FACES scale involves showing the child a series of facial expressions.
The FACES scale is a self-report tool for pain.
103
Which of the following are principles of atraumatic care? (Select all that apply)
Minimize physical stressors such as pain and discomfort
Provide invasive procedures without preparation to reduce surprise
Promote a sense of control over the care process
Prevent separation between the child and family
104
Which of the following is an appropriate safety measure to prevent burns in an infant?
Allow infants to play near hot stoves
Always microwave food before feeding
Use soft cloths as a barrier between hot surfaces and the baby
Check water heater temperature and use outlet covers
105
For toddlers (1-3 years), the nurse should: (Select all that apply)
Offer choices when appropriate to encourage autonomy
Encourage play to explain the procedure
Use familiar language and approach the child slowly
Give the child a detailed overview of the procedure well in advance
106
In Piaget’s stage of concrete operations, school-age children demonstrate:
Abstract thought
Egocentrism
Conservation of mass, volume, and number
Logical thinking
107
Which of the following is an example of a developmental milestone observed at 6 months of age?
Begins cruising with support
Rolls from belly to back
Holds objects with both hands
Head lag
108
Which of the following is an example of a distraction technique to use during a pediatric assessment?
Use of comfort items like pacifier
Direct verbal reprimands
Ignoring the child’s discomfort
Raising your voice to gain compliance
109
What is the best way to introduce solid foods to an infant to observe for potential allergies?
Introduce single foods one at a time, 4-7 days apart
Offer foods in combination with breast milk
Introduce multiple foods at once
Introduce new foods only after 12 months of age
110
Which of the following is a pediatric consideration when dealing with infection?
Children have thicker skin that prevents fluid loss
Infants have smaller airways, making them less prone to airway obstruction
Children are at a higher risk for dehydration due toa higher metabolic rate
Infants have mature immune systems that respond rapidly to infection
111
Which of the following are essential components of culturally sensitive care?
Being aware of cultural beliefs that influence illness perception
Ensuring all families receive the same type of care, regardless of culture
Being open to discussing and respecting cultural differences with families
Ignoring cultural concerns to avoid conflicts in care planning
112
At what age does separation anxiety typically begin to appear in infants?
6 months
2-3 months
4-5 months
9-12 months
113
A 4-year-old receives a dose of the MMR vaccine. What is the earliest age at which the next dose should be administered?
10 years
4-6 years
6 months
1 year
114
Which of the following is true regarding the measurement of temperature in children?
Rectal temperature should be avoided in children under the age of 1.
Rectal temperature should be used in infants when necessary.
Axillary temperature is used for all pediatric patients.
Oral temperature measurement is appropriate for children over the age of 3.
115
When communicating with families of children, the nurse should: (Select all that apply)
Explain medical equipment and procedures clearly
Encourage parental involvement in care decisions
Provide only basic information to avoid overwhelming the family
Be honest and allow for questions
116
Which of the following isolation precautions should be implemented for a patient with measles?
Contact precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard precautions
Droplet precautions
117
What are the common concerns for adolescents with chronic illness?
A desire for more parental involvement in their care
Decreased interest in their treatment and recovery
Difficulty in understanding their illness
Isolation from peers, body image concerns, and loss of independence
118
Which of the following statements about vaccine administration is true?
It is safe to store vaccines in the fridge door
The vaccine information statement (VIS) is optional for parents
Vaccines can be administered in any part of the body
Informed consent must be obtained from the patient or guardian before admin
119
Which of the following techniques should be used to assess pain in an adolescent?
Avoid discussing pain to prevent embarrassment.
Observe non-verbal cues for signs of pain.
Use the numeric pain scale.
Use the FACES pain scale.
120
Which of the following describes the "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" stage in Erikson’s theory (ages 1-3)?
The child develops independence by mastering self-control of body functions
The child learns to trust others and forms secure attachments to caregivers
The child focuses on developing intimate relationships with peers.
The child develops an understanding of right &wrong based on societal rules
121
Which of the following are key principles when performing a pediatric assessment? (Select all that apply.)
Always start with the most invasive procedure.
Provide clear explanations to school-age children.
Use a developmental approach, starting with the least invasive procedure.
Assess infants when they are awake and active.
122
When administering subcutaneous injections to a pediatric patient, what is the appropriate needle size and gauge?
Needle size: ½-⅝ inches, gauge: 26-27
Needle size: ½-⅝ inches, gauge: 22-25.
Needle size: 1-1.5 inches, gauge: 22-25.
Needle size: 1-1.5 inches, gauge: 26-27.
123
Which of the following is an example of a behavior that would be seen in a child in the “Phallic” stage of Freud?
The child begins to engage in self-control and moral reasoning.
The child begins to focus on bowel and bladder control.
The child develops a sense of trust through consistent caregiving.
The child expresses curiosity about the opposite-sex parent.
124
The infant’s head circumference increases by approximately:
5 cm by 12 months
2 cm by 6 months
3 cm by 6 months
10 cm by 12 months
125
Which of the following statements accurately describes Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development?
Moral reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards.
The individual understands moral principles and upholds human rights.
Moral decisions are based on peer pressure and conformity.
Morality is based on personal values and social contract.
126
What is the incubation period for scabies after exposure?
1-2 days
5-7 days
2-6 weeks
1-2 months
127
What is the primary function of a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS)?
To provide written consent for vaccination
To provide detailed information about the vaccine
To list contraindications for specific vaccines
To document the vaccination record
128
A child’s health is influenced by which of the following community factors?
The surrounding environment and support systems
Availability of healthcare services
Peer relationships
Cultural or religious practices
129
Which stage of infection is characterized by full, disease-specific symptoms?
Prodromal stage
Convalescence stage
Incubation period
Illness stage
130
Which of the following describes the incubation period for measles (rubeola)?
1-2 days
7-14 days
3-5 days
2-3 days
131
What is the primary psychosocial conflict in Erikson’s stage of Trust vs. Mistrust?
Development of trust through consistent care
Learning to walk
Development of independence
Identifying personal identity
132
Which of the following interventions would help comfort a preschooler during an exam?
Ignore the child's concerns about pain.
Use toys to distract the child.
Allow the child to sit on the caregiver’s lap.
Explain the procedure in simple terms.
133
How do adolescents (12-18 years) typically perceive death?
They fully understand it as permanent and irreversible
They see death as reversible and may not understand its permanence
They focus primarily on their fear of bodily harm
They may have existential concerns about their own life
134
Which of the following methods should be used when administering oral medications to a child?
Mix the medication with food or milk.
Use a syringe, aiming for the back of the cheek.
Use a spoon to administer the medication.
Always check the child’s understanding before administration.
135
A child with a bacterial skin infection is placed on contact precautions. What equipment should be used?
Surgical mask and gloves
Gown and goggles
Gloves and gown
N95 mask and gown
136
What communicable disease is this indicative of?
Rubella
Roseola
Scarlet fever
Fifth Disease
137
When administering medication to a child via G-tube, which of the following is appropriate?
Use a syringe for medication administration.
Check the placement of the tube by aspiration.
Flush the tube before and after administering medication.
Administer medications without checking tube placement.
138
Which of the following best describes the communication skills of a 3-month-old infant?
Laughs and coos
Understands "No"
Turns head to sound
Speaks 3-5 words
139
At what age should an infant be transitioned to finger foods?
9-12 months
12 months
3-6 months
6-9 months
140
Which of the following is true about Freud's stages of psychosexual development?
The Anal stage is characterized by a focus on oral stimulation.
The Oral stage focuses on the child’s ability to control bladder and bowels
Freud's stages include the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages
The Phallic stage is centered on the development of sexual identity.
141
Which of the following is a common psychosocial issue for toddlers?
Fear of strangers
Separation anxiety
Fear of darkness
Fear of imaginary creatures
142
A patient is being treated with antibiotics for impetigo. How long should the patient wait before normal activities?
72 hours after starting antibiotics
24 hours after starting antibiotics
Until all lesions are healed
48 hours after starting antibiotics
143
In terms of motor skills, preschoolers can: (Select all that apply)
Use scissors and draw by age 5.
Master toilet training by age 3-4.
Write full sentences by age 4.
Perform self-care tasks like dressing by age 5.
144
Which of the following actions are appropriate when administering medication through a gastrostomy tube (G-tube)?
Administer medication with a syringe.
Check the placement of the tube by aspirating gastric contents.
Flush the G-tube before and after administering medications.
Avoid checking placement through aspiration.
145
At 9 months of age, which of the following fine motor skills would you expect the infant to demonstrate?
Bangs objects together
Holds bottle with both hands
Brings objects to mouth
Refined pincer grasp
146
At what age does an infant begin to develop object permanence according to Piaget's sensorimotor stage?
3-4 months
4-6 months
12-15 months
8-9 months
147
What is the best position for a newborn to sleep in to reduce the risk of SIDS?
On their back
In a soft, cushioned crib
On their stomach
On their side
148
In Erikson’s psychosocial stage, preschoolers are in:
Industry vs. Inferiority
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Trust vs. Mistrust
Initiative vs. Guilt
149
Which of the following vaccines should be administered to an infant at 2 months of age?
Varicella
MMR
Influenza
DTaP
150
What communicable disease is this indicative of?
Mumps
Measles
Pertussis
Impetigo
151
What should a nurse say to reassure parents who are concerned about their child's condition?
"Everything will be fine. Don't worry about it."
"I understand that this is difficult, and we're here to support you."
"There's not much we can do, so just accept it."
"You should try not to be so emotional about it."
152
Preschool-age children (3-6 years) often:
Understand illness as a permanent and irreversible event
Feel responsible for their illness and may fear injury or pain
Understand the cause of illness and actively seek information
Express concerns about body image and loss of autonomy
153
When performing a throat culture in a child, which of the following actions is appropriate?
Insert the swab through the nose to the nasopharynx.
Avoid causing gagging or distress.
Avoid contamination by touching the inside of the throat with the swab.
Ensure the child is not upset during the procedure.
154
Which of the following are appropriate for assessing pain in school-age children? (Select all that apply.)
The Numeric pain scale, where children can rate their pain on a scale 0-10.
The FLACC scale, which is appropriate for infants and toddlers.
The Oucher pain scale, where the child points to a picture.
The FACES pain scale, where the child rates their pain based on smiley face
155
Which of the following statements regarding adolescent assessments is correct?
Adolescents may hide pain due to fear of judgment.
Adolescents should not be given choices during assessments.
Adolescents require less privacy compared to younger children.
Adolescents can respond to questions clearly and describe symptoms.
156
Which of the following are common interventions to help minimize pediatric anxiety during assessments?
Encourage the child to remain completely still during assessments.
Maintain the child’s usual routine to avoid disruptions.
Ensure that the procedure is completed as quickly as is safely possible.
Involve the child’s family members.
157
Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines, such as MMR?
Low-grade fever
Mild cold symptoms
Recent chemotherapy treatment
Mild rash
158
Which of the following is true about the infant’s gastrointestinal system?
The infant’s teeth begin erupting at 3-4 months.
The gastrointestinal system is fully developed at birth.
The liver matures fully by 6 months.
The infant begins teething at 6-8 months.
159
When administering the influenza vaccine to an infant, what is the minimum age requirement for the vaccine?
2 months
6 months
1 year
3 years
160
Which of the following accurately describes the expected growth in length during the first year of life?
First 6 months: Increases approximately 1 cm per month
First 6 months: Increases approximately 2.5 cm per month
Second 6 months: Increases approximately 3 cm per month
Total growth in first year is around 15 cm
161
What are the correct locations for a throat culture?
2
1
3
4
162
Which of the following are appropriate methods for assessing pain in a preschooler?
Rely on non-verbal cues to determine pain.
Explain to the child that the pain may go away quickly.
Ask the child to describe their pain using words.
Use the FACES pain scale.
163
What is the expected head circumference growth during the first 6 months of life?
2 cm per month
3 cm per month
4 cm per month
1 cm per month
164
Which of the following statements accurately describes Erikson's stage of "Industry vs. Inferiority" (ages 6-12)?
The child develops a sense of autonomy and independence.
The child struggles with issues related to trust and safety.
The child’s primary focus is on developing intimate relationships.
The child learns to master skills and gain competence.
165
Which of the following is characteristic of a toddler’s physical development? (Select all that apply)
The child develops more fine motor skills than gross motor skills.
Brain reaches 90% of adult size by age 2.
Bladder control is achieved by age 5.
Myelination is completed by age 24 months.
166
When does an infant typically begin to develop a fear of strangers, according to Erikson?
2-3 months
4-5 months
12 months
6 months
167
Which of the following is the most effective method for preventing the spread of varicella (chickenpox)?
Contact precautions
Airborne isolation precautions
Droplet precautions
Wearing a surgical mask
168
Which interventions are most effective for preschool-age children (3-6 years) undergoing a medical procedure?
Engage in play therapy to reduce anxiety
Allow the child to make decisions about their care
Use simple language to explain the procedure
Provide detailed information about the procedure an hour before
169
A child is diagnosed with Fifth Disease (Slapped Cheek Disease). When is the patient most contagious?
After the rash appears
During the prodromal phase
Before the rash appears
Once the fever resolves
170
What communicable disease is this indicative of?
Measles
Coxsackie virus
Varicella
Mumps
171
What is a primary concern when feeding an infant during the first 6 months?
Introducing solid foods early
Giving infants more than 10 feedings per day
Ensuring that the infant does not exceed recommended daily fluid intake
Offering formula or breast milk exclusively
172
What are appropriate interventions for toddlers (1-3 years) during hospitalization? (Select all that apply)
Providing explanations about complex medical procedures
Preparing the child right before procedures
Allowing the child to participate in care when possible
Offering choices to promote autonomy
173
When communicating with infants, which approach should the nurse take?
Speak clearly using complex medical terms
Rush through procedures to minimize discomfort
Provide visual aids to explain procedures
Use a calming voice and allow time for adjustment
174
Which of the following are appropriate developmental considerations when assessing an infant? (Select all that apply.)
Use soothing techniques like pacifiers.
Conduct the assessment when the infant is calm or sleeping.
Expose the child to multiple procedures to ensure a thorough assessment.
Use simple language to explain the procedure.
175
The primary goal of health supervision in pediatric care is:
To encourage frequent hospital visits
To focus only on acute health care needs
To treat illnesses as they arise
To promote wellness and prevent health issues
176
Preschoolers typically demonstrate which cognitive abilities?
Abstract thinking and problem-solving
Logical thinking and conservation
Symbolic thought and egocentrism
Concrete thinking and object classification
177
Which of the following are appropriate techniques for administering ear drops?
For children, pull the ear up and back.
For infants, pull the ear straight up.
For adults, pull the ear up and back.
For children, pull the ear down and back.
178
What is the recommended sleep pattern for infants aged 2-12 months?
Sleep 14-17 hours per day
Sleep 8-10 hours per day
Sleep 12-16 hours per day
Sleep 10-12 hours per day
179
At what age should the head circumference be measured until?
Age 2
Age 1
Age 5
Age 3
180
What communicable disease is this indicative of?
Impetigo
Coxsackie virus
Measles
Varicella
181
Which of the following is true regarding an infant's sensory development? (Select all that apply)
An infant can differentiate colors at birth.
An infant is nearsighted at birth.
The infant prefers sweet tastes.
An infant can recognize familiar voices by 1 month.
182
A 6-month-old is diagnosed with head lice (pediculosis capitis). What is the first line of treatment?
Antihistamines for itching
Oral antibiotics
Permethrin (Nix) and nit removal
Topical scabicides
183
At which developmental stage do infants begin to understand cause-and-effect relationships?
Middle infancy (3-6 months)
Late infancy (8-12 months)
Toddlerhood (1-2 years)
Early infancy (0-3 months)
184
Which of the following statements about infant nutrition is correct?
Whole milk should be introduced at 6 months of age.
Infants should be exclusively breastfed/formula-fed for the first 12 months
Solid foods should be introduced at 4 months of age.
Iron-fortified cereal is typically introduced at 6 months.
185
Which of the following is a core principle of the family-centered approach in pediatric care?
Family involvement is optional and can be disregarded
The care plan should prioritize medical needs over family preferences
Nurses should make decisions for the family without their input
The family’s values and needs should guide the care plan
186
The patient presents with a high fever followed by a pink rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Measles
Mumps
Roseola
Rubella
187
Which of the following is a symptom of pertussis during the paroxysmal stage?
Mild cough with clear nasal drainage
Severe headache and photophobia
Red maculopapular rash
Severe coughing fits with a whooping sound and vomiting
188
In the school-age stage, a child's cognitive development includes:
Egocentric thinking and symbolic play
Logical thinking and understanding of conservation
Magical thinking and role playing
Abstract thinking and idealism
189
Which of the following are common stressors for chronically ill infants?
Difficulty forming attachments and lack of trust
Limited opportunities for play and socialization
Concerns about body image and self-expression
Increased dependency and inability to assert independence
190
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Oucher pain scale?
The Oucher scale is primarily used for adolescents.
The Oucher scale is appropriate for infants and toddlers.
The Oucher scale is designed for children between the ages of 3 and 12 year
The Oucher scale involves using facial expressions and a numeric scale
191
How is rubella transmitted?
Airborne and droplet transmission
Contact with contaminated objects
Fecal-oral route
Direct contact with blood
192
What are common developmental concerns for school-age children (6-12 years) during illness or hospitalization?
Confusion about bodily functions and self-awareness
Concern for body image and peer relationships
Fear of death and the unknown
Fear of the loss of control and social isolation
193
Which of the following best describes an appropriate play activity for a 9-month-old infant?
Stacking blocks
Playing with large musical toys
Sorting colors
Playing peek-a-boo
194
Which of the following methods should be avoided in a pediatric assessment?
Offering choices during assessments.
Using distracting techniques for toddlers.
Administering an injection to a screaming child.
Engaging with the adolescent to respect their privacy.
195
What is a common complication associated with rubella in pregnant women?
Stillbirth
Birth defects
Meningitis
Miscarriage
196
Which of the following is the most important consideration when storing vaccines?
Store vaccines at room temperature
Store vaccines on the center rack of the fridge, never in the door
Store vaccines in the freezer compartment
Store vaccines in the vegetable drawer of the fridge
197
What is the primary symptom of scabies in infants?
Itching and a rash with burrows
High fever and rash
Loss of appetite and malaise
Painful mouth sores
198
Which of the following is a common concern for adolescents?
Identity formation and peer influence
Development of sexual identity
Increased risk of mental health issues such as depression
Substance abuse and experimentation
199
Which of the following motor milestones is expected at 12 months of age?
Pushes up with arms
Rolls back to belly
Sits unsupported
Begins walking with support
200
Which of the following actions should be avoided when performing a pediatric assessment?
Begin with invasive procedures if the child is upset.
Provide privacy and respect the adolescent’s autonomy.
Use distractions like toys during a preschooler assessment.
Use soothing techniques for infants during the exam.

NUR-221 Exam One Flashcards | StudBud