stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Psychology of Physical Activity and Health Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Psychology of Physical Activity and Health
Psychology of Physical Activity and Health
351 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
42 plays
#Sport Psychology #sport #exercise #motivation
Flashcards
351 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
351
Answers
1
If the word "BLUE" is printed in a red colour, you should say "RED" is an example of the...
Colour Test
Stroop Test
Beep Test
None of them
2
Which mood is the highest among these in the Profile of Mood States?
Depression
Vigour
Tension
Anger
3
Which of these are NOT a condition that leads to Choking?
Training
Important competition
Critical plays in a competition
Evaluation by coaches/peers/parents
4
Self-efficacy relates to both the adoption and maintenance of physical activity.
True
False
5
Which of these are CORRECT about home advantage in individual sports?
Evident in both subjectively judged and objectively scored
Evident in subjectively /not evident in objectively
Evident in objectively scored (e.g., tennis)
Not evident in subjectively judged (e.g. gymnastics)
6
Intrasender is conflict from expectations by one member e.g. coach. Is there more?
All of them are conflicts
Intersender- expectations from 2 individuals e.g. coaches)
Person-role- Role are conflict w/ individuals motives/values
Interrole conflict- expectations from two or more role sets
7
Rehearsal is visualising a specific technique or focusing on specific internal sensations
True
False
8
Which of these are CORRECT about Team Attributions (
TA
) and Team-referent Attributions (
TRB
)?
Both of them are correct
TRB= Individual’s view of the causes of group performance•
TA= The aggregated attributions of team members
9
What are the two Attribution type?
Control attribution and Attention style
Control attribution and Attributional style
Causal attribution and Attributional style
10
Action is when people have recently changed their behaviour
True
False
11
Which components are included in the
The Standard Model?
Critical psychological & behavioural state
Location & location factors
All these factors are included
Performance outcomes
12
The Ringelmann Effect
suggests individual...
efficiency increase due to increases in group size
efficiency reduction due to increases in group size
13
After age 18, genes largely explain sport participation (85%). Environment no longer contribute
True
False
14
Vigour in POMS is associated with good performance
True
False
15
Anxiety DOES NOT disrupts attention
True
False
16
Personality is individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking, & behaving
False
True
17
The more we try to suppress or block a thought, the more we think about that thought is...
Attentional Focus
Hyperaccessibility’
Backwards Thinking
Concentration
18
The component Shifting attentional focus
is about
changing concentration
when necessary
True
False
19
Scanning is searching the environment looking for relevant cue
False
True
20
Emotions...
All of them are related to emotions
involves neurological patterns, and subjective feeling
are of limited duration and serve adaptive functions
involves cognitive appraisal and distinctive physiological
21
Social Learning Theory
explains aggression as behaviour people learn through observing others
False
True
22
Beneficial effects of external focus have been shown in soccer/basketball/darts and more sports
False
True
23
Chronic exercise of medium intensity shows the largest effect sizes
True
False
24
Hypnosis
is successful in building self-efficacy in athletes
False
True
25
Is ‘personality similarity’ linked to team success?
True
False
26
In adults which of these DO NOT moderately correlate with PhysicaL Activity
Enjoyment o Expected benefits o
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
Sex and Age
Positive mood and Income, education (socioeconomic factors)
27
Neuroticism marks those who are emotional stability from those who are emotionally unstable
False
True
28
Immense stressors that professional athletes face are...
All of them are immense stressors
Poor performance, being dropped
Training schedules, injuries,
Moving cities, weather, referees
29
Which of these are NOT factors of
Delivery and monitoring?
Ensure to ask the right questions
Constantly attempt to ensure the best possible overlap
Perform, instigate or support the activities
30
Interventions such as MTT and PST are known to increase Mental Toughness?
True
False
31
Causal Attribution
is
refers to typical attributional patterns (trait attribution)
causes/reasons people give related to themselves or others
32
Positive self-talk is a great strategy to enhance Verbal Persuasion
False
True
33
'Physical activity for health' does not cover which of the following issue?
Correlates of physical activity
Exercise as medical treatment for clinical disorders
Applied technique
Motivation
34
Social/physical environment can have an indirect effect on PA thru motivation and self-efficacy
False
True
35
Observation/Performance outcomes/Self-report/Self-evaluation are measurement for concentration
False
True
36
Secondary appraisal
concerns coping options
Fasle
True
37
What does one's inability to cope with stressors do to them?
Decreased performance and satisfaction
Increased injury and burnout
Increase withdrawal/cessation of career
All of them
38
Coaching efficacy
- confidence a coach has in their ability to effectively coach their athletes
True
False
39
Lowering self-confidence slightly can increase performance
False
True
40
Drive theories
apply concept of homeostasis (state of physiological equilibrium) to behaviour
True
False
41
Motivational-general mastery
is imaging being confident and mastering challenging situations
True
False
42
At age 17-18, genetic influences start to appear (36%), and environment decreases (47%).
True
False
43
Which of these are INCORRECT about
Evolutionary theories?
Tied to incentives
Motivates of humans (species) is a product of evolution
Both of them are correct
44
Narrow attentional focus is...
when you respond to multiple cues
when you direct attention outward to an object
when you respond to only one or two cues
when you don't respond at all
45
Which of these are not Organisational stressors?
Expectations and opponents
Factors intrinsic to the sport & Roles of the sport
Relationships & Organisational structure
Career and performance development issues
46
Mental Practice
– Imaging physical actions enhances both skill acquisition and performance
True
False
47
Motivation is...
not an entity (like emotion) but a process
an entity (like emotion) but not a process
48
Team-serving bias
is attributing post. outcomes to factors within team & neg. outside the team
True
False
49
Which one is NOT included in the
Psychological structure of the group?
Norm - expectation for the behaviour considered appropriate
Status - the amount of prestige or importance possessed
Role - expectation of an individual in a specific position
Size - expectation of the ideal size number
50
Rope pulling task (2 person= 93% potential; 3 person= 85% potential; 8 person= 49% potential)
True
False
51
Specifying performance goal, pre-performance routines, trigger words and mental practice are...
techniques for Learning
techniques for Training
techniques for Concentration
techniques for Performing
52
Gravitation hypothesis is...
partaking in activity that helps develop certain personality
people take part in activities that suit their personality
53
Strategies to enhance Mastery experiences are…
Setting goals, Mental rehearsal and Performance logs
Achieving goals, Mastery rehearsal and Performance logs
Achieving goals, mental rehearsal and Training schedules
Achieving goals, Mental rehearsal and Performance logs
54
Agreeableness is not important for individual success
True
False
55
Which of these are INCORRECT about Clinical Anxiety Disorder?
Women are affected more than men (roughly 60% women)
Roughly 35% of women are receiving treatment
14% of adult Australians are affected by an anxiety disorder
56
Explicit monitoring is overthinking of movement and skill execution which leads to Choking
True
False
57
Pre-Performance Routines
is sequences of actions which assists with play e.g. NRL goal kickers
True
False
58
Mood DOES NOT define attributes such as facial expressions
False
True
59
Team Cohesion in
Carron et al.’s (!985) Multidimensional Framework
is...
degree to which a team like each other and enjoy one another
degree to which a group work together to achieve their goals
60
Group Roles:
What are the four Categories of roles?
Formal vs Informal roles & Task vs. Social roles
Formation vs Information roles & Task vs. Social roles
61
Changes in cerebral blood flow & brain structure explain
the connection between exercise and motivation
the connection between exercise and cognitive functioning
62
Downward counterfactuals
is...
thoughts about how things could have been worse
thoughts about how things could have gone better
thoughts about how things went good
63
Contemplation is when people intend to start the behaviour in the near future
True
False
64
Mental Toughness w/ experience is positive but MT w/ inexperience, that’s a recipe for disaster
True
False
65
The Primary Effect
claims...
there's positive impression when favourable words are first
the order of the words do not effect impressions
there's negative impression when favourable words are first
66
Physical activity can also influence SE by acting as a source of efficacy information
False
True
67
Which of these are NOT a barrier for Physical Activity (Children and adolescents)?
Need time to rest
Perceptions of competence and Past experiences in school
Feeling of embarrassment
Money and Support from significant others
68
Behaviour that challenges the norms & expectations of the group is often referred to as...
Defective
Deviant
69
Extraversion marks those who are quiet and passive from those who outgoing and active
False
True
70
Was Profile of Mood States (
POMS
) developed for clinical populations?
Yes
No
71
Affect...
emotions are together to reflect positive & negative affect
is subjective feeling that can be pleasant or unpleasant
is often used synonymously with “emotion”
All of them are related to Affect
72
Moods defines attributes such as facial expressions, and specific patterns are absent
True
False
73
Physical activity (PA) and cognitive functioning have shown that improvement in...
cognitive performance/classroom behaviour/academic success
cognitive performance/classroom behaviour
74
Pre-game Emotions
- Greater happiness and anxiety linked to poor concentration
True
False
75
Which of these are Chronic exercise Mechanism?
Serotonin and norephinephrine
Cerebral structure & Frontal lobe hypothesis
76
Collective efficacy is when a group conjoint capabilities to organise & execute the action
True
False
77
Which of these are NOT factors of
Delivery and monitoring?
Engage, interact and play with them
Monitor any effects or progress
Monitor the expectations of the client
78
Motivational Climate can be task-involving (i.e, a mastery climate) or ...
ego-involving (i.e, a performance climate)
effort-involving (i.e, a performance climate)
79
Self-talk is NOT more effective when learning a new skill compared with refining an skill
False
True
80
Self-talk is common among athletes in long-duration sports
True
False
81
The concept when teams stick together in pursuit of its goal and/or satisfaction
Team Cohesion
Team Bonding
Team Togetherness
82
Mental Toughness and Decision Making: features of High Mental Toughness would be...
Rational decision making
All is true
Focused on safe return and Reframe failure
Sacrifices for others and sees bigger picture
83
Sport Psychology
is the study and application of psychological principles of human performance
True
False
84
Proportion of adults reporting 4 hours or less sitting time per day
False
True
85
Which of these are NOT a physical factor that leads to Choking?
Increased muscle tension
Racing heart rate
Increased breathing rate
Internal Focus
86
Which of these are CORRECT?
All of them are correct
Depression/anxiety cost the global economy $1 trillion E/Y
Mental disorders: 30% of the global non-fatal disease burden
Close to 10% of the world’s population is affected,
87
Out of these two, which one is in the Five strategies of controlling Emotions?
Reinterpreting a stimulus
Relaxation techniques
Both of them are strategies to use
88
Instructional self-talk is NOT more effective in fine task than motivational self-talk
False
True
89
Emotions may have positive or negative consequences depending on the characteristics of task
True
False
90
A sixth stage - termination - was later added to account for relapse out of the new behaviour
False
True
91
Mastery Experiences
- past performance strongest source of Self-Efficacy
False
True
92
Ideal Group Size:
Approximately 25% below ideal is considered “too small”
True
False
93
Which of the following is not how athletes differ from non-athletes?
Athletes have greater levels of extraversion
Athletes have greater levels of Closeness
Athletes have lower levels of neuroticism
94
Which of these interfere with Confidence?
Coaching, pressure and expectation
Psychological factors and athlete specific factors
All of them interfere with Confidence
Poor performance, injury/fitness and poor preparation
95
What does SMARTs stand for in goal setting?
Specific/Measurable/Action/Realistic,Time/Self-determined
Skill/Measurable/Action/Realistic,Time/Self-determined
96
In adolescence there is moderate correlation with Physical Activity and ...
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
Ethnicity and BMI
Subjective (social) norms and Neighbourhood
Perceived competence
97
The component Maintaining attentional focus is about maintaining concentration over time
False
True
98
Motivational-general arousal
is NOT imaging feelings of associated with arousal and stress
False
True
99
Climate has a powerful effect on behaviour. Which of these are CORRECT?
Greater levels of effort and enjoyment in mastery
Both are correct
Lower levels of effort/enjoyment/satisfaction in performance
100
The component Situational awareness is ability to understand what is going on around oneself
False
True
101
What's the difference between Cognitive and Somatic anxiety?
Cognitive is a bell curve/Somatic goes up diagonally (right)
Cognitive is a bell curve/Somatic goes up diagonally (left)
Cognitive goes up diagonally (left)/Somatic is a bell curve
Cognitive goes up diagonally (right)/Somatic is a bell curve
102
Which of these are not in the Five Concentration Principles?
Focus on technique
Specific, relevant & under control
Intentional mental effort & preparation
One thought at a time
103
Researchers should consider two attribution dimensions
Locus of causality-un/stable & Stability- internal/external
Locus of causality-internal/external & Stability-un/stable)
104
Theory of Planned Behaviour
suggests intention is determined largely by one’s...
attitudes, social norms and motivation
power, social norms and behavioural control
attitudes, social norms and behavioural control
105
Sport performance does not cover which of the following issue?
Exercise addiction
Self-confidence
Group dynamics
Aggression and violence
106
Internal attentional focus is...
responding to only one or two cues
broadly looking at more than one things
directing attention inward to thought and feelings
directing attention outward to an object
107
What is the order of the 6 moods in the Profile of Mood States?
Tension, anger, depression, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Vigour, anger, tension, depression, fatigue and confusion
Confusion, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and Tension
108
Positive and negative emotions link to locus of causality. Which of these are CORRECT?
1 and 2 are correct
Success/failure>internal attribution>performance
Failure>internal attribution>more negative affect
Success>internal attribution>more positive affect
109
Competitors dressed in red are awarded more points than competitors dressed in blue
No
Yes
110
Which of these is INCORRECT about Lane & Terry’s (2009) Conceptual Model?
Derived from POMS and includes calmness and happiness
Moods states interact w/ depression to influence performance
Removed confusion and fatigue & Yet to be critical evaluated
All of them are correct
111
Cognitive dissonance
is experienced by a person who says sumthin n goes against what they said
False
True
112
Self-modelling is personal performances on video with unsuccessful performances edited out
True
False
113
What does the acronym ‘TARGET’ stand for?
Task/Authority/Recognition/ Grouping/Effort/Time
Task/Authority/Record/ Grouping/Evaluation/Time
Task/Authority/Recognition/ Grouping/Evaluation/Time
114
Which of these are CORRECT concerning Self-serving bias?
Negative events = external attribution for failure
Positive events = Internal attributions for success
Both are correct
115
Aggression
is any form of behaviour towards harming or injuring another living being
It is physical and verbal form of behaviour
True
False
116
Verbal persuasion & social support Increases self-efficacy and physical activity
True
False
117
Reinvestment hypothesis argue anxiety causes an internal focus of attention
True
False
118
External focus is more effective for performance and learning
False
True
119
Which of these are NOT a model of Activity Physical?
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
Health Belief Model (HBM)
Thoughts of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Self-efficacy Theory (SET)
120
IZOF
is somewhat successful in predicting performance, but difficult to test
False
True
121
The 4C Model: Control your ability to control the environment after unsuccessful performances
True
False
122
What are the four dimensions of
GEQ?
Integration – Task and Social & Engagement – Task and Social
Attraction – Task and Social & Integration – Task and Social
123
POMS
scores accounted for less than 1% of the variance in performance
False
True
124
Strategies to enhance Physiological States are…
All are strategies to enhance Physiological States
Reframing
Cognitive restructuring
Self-talk
125
Sedentary is defined as behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure of ≤ 1.5 METS
False
True
126
Negative instructions from a coach like don’t drop the ball can cause Hyperaccessibility
False
True
127
What are the Four types of Attention?
Broad, Narrow, Internal and External
Broad, Narrow, External and Close
Broad, Internal, Wide and Near
Narrow, Internal, External and Near
128
Social Loafing
states motivational losses occurs because group members tend to rely...
less heavily on other group members as group size increases
more heavily on other group members as group size increases
129
What are the Four components of Concentration?
Selective, Maintaining, Situational awareness and Shifting
Control, Selective, Shifting and Calm
Situational awareness, Selective, Shifting and Control
Maintaining, Shifting, Calm and Selective
130
Which features make a good Case Formulation?
Checked/revised and Facilitate reflection/improvement
Makes us more accountable and Guide ongoing data collection
Contribute to scientific discourse and Increases adherence
All of them
131
Personality changes over the lifespan
False
True
132
Physical inactivity is estimated to cost the Australian a total of $10 billion each year
False
True
133
What are the four types of
Extrinsic Motivation?
Environment, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
External, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
Experience, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
134
Psychologists often use the term ‘self-efficacy’ to describe ‘self-confidence’.
False
True
135
Which of these are not a physical response of stress?
Increased heart rate
Muscle tension
Increased calmness
Increasing breathing rate
136
The 4C Model: Confidence strong belief that allows you to overcome negative experiences
True
False
137
Which of these are INCORRECT?
89 out of every 1000 people use antidepressants
Australian use of anti-depressants tripled
Australian use of anti-depressants doubled
138
Upward counterfactuals
is...
thoughts about how things went good
thoughts about you did your best
thoughts about how things could have gone better
139
Personality measures in youth predict progression to professional sport
Disagree
To a certain extent
Agree
140
Which of the following is not a role of sport and exercise psychology?
Teaching Role
Research Role
Observe Role
Consultancy Role
141
Without audience – no difference between the performance of introverts and extraverts
True
False
142
Verbal Persuasion
- support from coaches predicts self-efficacy levels in team/individual sport
True
False
143
Approach coping, calm/in control, focused on task and accepted situation are features of...
High Mental Toughness
Low Mental Toughness
Medium Mental Toughness
Not related to Mental Toughness
144
Self-Confidence
is one's judgements of their capabilities to organise and execute performance
True
False
145
Mood does not involve relationships with a particular object
True
False
146
Cognitive functioning is best defined as:
intelligence, the ability to reason quickly and abstractly
Both of them
cognitive skills of concentration and attention
147
Termination is the 5th stage in the Transtheoretical model
True
False
148
The 4C Model: Challenge is viewing failure as a challenge and a mechanism for improvement
False
True
149
Anxiety
- Positive relationship found for elite athletes, negative for non-elite athletes
False
True
150
Reduced flexibility, narrow and internal focus are attentional changes that cause Choking
True
False
151
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance are components of...
Mental Toughness Model
Self-Efficacy Model
Concentration Model
Transtheoretical Model
152
Mood involves more durable feeling states
False
True
153
Choosing an Intervention
is based on Case formulation and which 2 other factors?
Evidence-based practice and Professional judgement
Education-based practice and Professional judgement
154
What are the four 'C' in The 4C Model by Clough, Earle & Sewell (2012)
Consistent, Challenge, Confidence and Commitment
Confidence, Control, Conscientiousness and Challenge
Commitment, Calm, Consistent and Challenge
Commitment, Control, Challenge and Confidence
155
Both External & Introjected regulation are considered to be controlling or low self-determined
True
False
156
Higher rates of SE have been correlated with more physical activity
False
True
157
Studies have shown “The ‘hot hand’ phenomenon probably does not exist
Yes
No
158
At ages 13 and 16 environmental largely explain sport participation(78-84%) rather than genes
False
True
159
If
Dominant Response
is not present, social facilitation effects will not occur (perform. drop)
False
True
160
With audience – extraverts outperforms introverts
False
True
161
Strategies to enhance Vicarious experiences are...
Both are strategies to enhance Vicarious experiences
Observations of others
Mental rehearsal
162
Which of these are CORRECT regarding
In-game Emotions?
Anger and embarrassment predicted poor performance
Both are correct
Happiness predicted successful performance
163
Instinct Theory
- organisms are born with innate biological tendencies that help them survive
True
False
164
Psychological Skills Training
is...
All of them
Systematic n consistent prac. of mental/psychological skills
enhancing performance and increasing enjoyment
achieving greater sport/physical activity self-satisfaction
165
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of the moon and sun
The scientific study of plants and animals
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
The scientific study of why and how people die
166
Mental Toughness and Decision Making: features of Low Mental Toughness would be...
Now or never and Dwell on failure
Emotional decision making
Focused on summit & Focused on own goals
All is true
167
Intrinsic Motivation to know
is satisfaction in learning new things. Are they any more type?
1 and 3
IM to experience stimulation- enjoy physical activity itself
IM to feel - being in the zone and be satisfied
IM to accomplish- joy to improve on already learned skills
168
What are two Dimensions of Personality?
Agreeableness and Engagement
Engagement and Openness
Conscientiousness and Openness
Conscientiousness and Engagement
169
Proxy efficacy is one’s confidence of a third party to function effectively on one’s behalf
False
True
170
Task goals - success is evaluated in terms of personal improvement/task mastery
True
False
171
Distraction theories claims task-irrelevant thoughts and worries can cause Choking
False
True
172
What does a psychologist do in the Teaching Role?
Educate why athletes should take longer holidays
Deliver courses and develop awareness of sport psychology
Develop a sport psychology program
Provide athletes with 1 on 1 coaching
173
Music is a good source for...
Mood and arousal regulation
Movement(flow)
All of them
Concentration and Learning
174
What does the acronym
ATAM
stand for?
The Attention Theory of Achievement Motivation
The Attribution Theory of Achievement Movement
The Attention Theory of Achievement Movement
The Attribution Theory of Achievement Motivation
175
Priming
is memory
effect
in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimu.
True
False
176
The number of people suffering from depression and/or anxiety increased by...
40%, from 416 million to 615 million
nearly 50%, from 416 million to 615 million
47%, , from 416 million to 615 million
177
Focusing is looking closely at an external stimulus e.g. watching the ball when catching.
False
True
178
A goal is attaining a specific level of proficiency, or a conscious effort toward a task
True
False
179
Performance goals
are...
One’s actual performance levels in relation to own standards
Medium term & Influenceable
Both of them relate to performance goals
180
Sport performers DO NOT fixate on threatening information in the environment when worrying
False
True
181
High efficacious individuals tend to seek out new challenges
False
True
182
What are two personality types linked to team success
Conscientiousness and Openness
Agreeableness and Openness
Extraversion and Neuroticism
Conscientiousness and Agreeableness
183
Which of these are not in the Five Concentration Principles?
Concentration is ‘lost’ when focus is on irrelevant factors
Timing to execute the skill
One thought at a time
Anxiety causes negative self-evaluation & ‘hyper-vigilance
184
What does
POMS
stand for?
Profile of Mode States
Pictures of Mood States
Profile of Mood States
Profile of Mood Statistics
185
In adults subjective (social) norm and Neighbourhood DO NOT correlate with Physical Activity
False
True
186
Home advantage is not evident in sports objective scored (e.g. tennis)
False
True
187
Moral Atmosphere
athletes view aggressive acts as inapprop. in general but approp. in sport
True
False
188
Which of these are NOT a motivation for Physical Activity (adults)?
Tension/stress release
Maintain good health
Fitness and Weight control
Being with friends
189
Conscientiousness marks those who are punctual/organised from those who are lazy/careless
False
True
190
Which of these is not a type of of coping (motivational)?
Emotion focused
Avoidance
Problem focused
Skill/technique focused
191
Interventions incorporating self-efficacy are most effective
True
False
192
Opponent's body language can determine whether we're confident in our ability to beat others
True
Fasle
193
SE can be a strong predictor of physical activity in long-term maintenance
False
True
194
Coach-athlete relationship, training environment and dairies are strategies for Mental Tough.
True
False
195
In adults self-efficacy and Health status have strong correlation with Physical Activity
It hasn't been proven
No
Yes
196
Trigger words
are words that reminds athletes what to focus on in a given situation
True
False
197
Changing cognitive & behavioural efforts to manage the specific internal or external demands is
Coping
Mental Toughness
Challenge
Openness
198
What does greater social support do?
Allows for less task-irrelevant thoughts
Increases levels of confidence
Lower levels of stress and better performance
All of them
199
Which of these are not a psychological response of stress?
Worry, apprehension
Negative cognitions
Negative images
Muscle tension
200
Which of these are the four components of the Self-Efficacy Theory?
Control, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
Mastery, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physical States
Mastery, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
Master, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
201
What are three major areas that require philosophical assumptions?
All of them are areas that require philosophical assumptions
The purpose of sport psychology
How do you understand and influence...
How do you best change what you are trying to change
202
Pre-contemplation is no intention to change behaviour
False
True
203
Broad attentional focus is...
paying focus inward to thought and feelings
Directs attention outward to an object
focusing to multiple things at a given time
Respond to only one or two cues
204
What happens to Cognitive and Somatic anxiety leading up to a competition?
Cognitive decreases and Somatic decreases
Cognitive decreases and Somatic increases
Cognitive increases and Somatic increases
Nothing happens both remain the same
205
Facial expressions for blind and sighted athletes were indistinguishable
False
True
206
Emotion DO NOT have a core-relational theme e.g. Anxiety “facing uncertain/existential threat
False
True
207
What are the three types of Goals?
Outcome, Performance and Process
Performance, Effect and Process
Short term, Outcome and Process
208
Which of these are CORRECT about Decision Making?
Involve choosing among alternatives and consequences
Both are correct
The consequences of the judgement
209
Physical Inactivity
men have lower death rate than women
False
True
210
The Profile of Mood States is the most highly predictive measure of athletic success
False
True
211
In childhood, self-esteem & body image DO NOT correlated with Physical Activity
False
True
212
Which of these are CORRECT about
Performance climate?
coach emphasis effort/personal improvement/skill development
coach emphasis on winning and public evaluation
213
Participants betted significantly greater amounts of money....
against opponents that behaved nervously and dressed poorly
for opponents that behaved nervously and dressed poorly
214
Achievement Goal Theory
is largely concern with how people construe competence
False
True
215
Referees are more likely to make a decision (foul) if the team has a bad reputation
False
True
216
When faced with stressful stimuli, low efficacious individuals tend to give up
True
False
217
Team norms positively correlated with team cohesion & negatively correlated with social loafing
True
False
218
POMS
does have some utility in predicting performance
False
True
219
Higher-fit children showed greater...
both
superior relational memory task performance
bilateral hippocampal volumes
220
There is a significant interplay between physical and psychological response of stress
False
True
221
Cognitive-specific
is imaging specific sport skills
True
False
222
Vicarious Experiences
– watching others perform can build confidence in own abilities
True
False
223
Thoughts, feelings, anxiety and pain can cause distraction to our Internal Focus
True
False
224
Low agreeableness best is the predictor of exercise addiction
False
True
225
Which of these are Acute exercise Mechanism?
Frontal lobe hypothesis and Cerebral structure
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) & Serotonin and norephinephrine
226
Which of these are NOT a motivation for Physical Activity (Children and adolescents)?
Fun/enjoyment and being with friends
Weight control
Success in competition (winning)
227
Attribution theory
is the theory and research on the psychology of explanation
False
True
228
Agreeableness marks those who are compassionate and those who tend to antagonize
True
False
229
Attribution bias
is...
assign causes to external factors rather than people
assign causes to people rather than external factors
230
The “hot hand” phenomenon claims...
Less change of successful shot if u r success previous
Greater chance of successful shot if u r successful previous
Less change of unsuccessful shot if u r successful previous
231
Which of these are a type
of
Aggression?
Hostile- cause injury psychological harm
All of them are types of aggression
Assertiveness- playing hard with no intention to harm
Instrumental- occurs in the quest of non-aggressive goal
232
What is the difference between sport psychology and exercise psychology?
Sport looks at principles in a non-performance setting
Exercise and sport psychology deal with the same areas
Sport= competitive setting/exercise= non-performance setting
Exercise looks at principles in a competitive sport setting
233
What was the first sport psychology study on and by who?
Motivation (1895) & by Patrick Smiths
Self-confidence in performance (1900) & by Howard Dobie
Social facilitation (1898) & by Norman Triplett
Anxiety in sport ( 1899) & by James Kerr
234
Group Status:
factors achieved by the person held the greatest importance for status
False
True
235
Self-talk is more effective in tasks involving fine, compared with gross, motor demands
False
True
236
Which of these are NOT in the Five strategies for controlling Emotions?
Replacement of negative self-statements w/ positive/neutral
Personal goals grounded
Creating images (in the mind)
Evaluating factors
237
Cognitive and somatic anxiety relate to performance differently
False
True
238
In women with depression, exercise increased the odds of resolving depression by 54%
True
False
239
Cognitive-general
is
imaging game plans, successful strategies, routines
True
False
240
What are the 6 moods in the Profile of Mood States?
Tension, depression, anger, sad, fatigue and confusion
Excited, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anxiety, vigour, fatigue and confusion
241
What are three Dimensions of Personality?
Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Closeness
Neuroticism, Openness, Speechless
Agreeableness, Openness, Excitement
242
If
Dominant Response
is present, social facilitation effects will occur (performance increase)
True
False
243
Amotivation
is when individuals see no change between their actions and the end result
True
False
244
Outcome goals
are...
All of them
Uncontrollable
Long(er) term
Results-focused
245
Attributions fall into two broad categories, what are they?
Within the person (internal) & the environment (external)
Within the person (primary) & the environment (secondary)
246
What is Coleman Robert Griffith known for? 2 answers
Sport Psychology at Harvard University
Sport psychologist for the Chicago Cubs
Coaching (1926) & Athletics (1928)
Exercise Psychology at Harvard University
247
Early research focused on four attributions. What are the four?
Attention, Effort, Task difficulty and Luck
Attention, Effort, Task difficulty and Skill
Ability, Effort, Task difficulty and Luck
Attention, Engagement, Task difficulty and Skill
248
Attributional style
is...
causes/reasons people give related to themselves or others
refers to typical attributional patterns (trait attribution)
249
Maintenance is when the behaviour is integral to their lifestyle
True
False
250
Injury, errors, performance, fitness, training, opponent and competition are common stressors
True
False
251
What does
IZOF
stand for?
Individual Zones of Openness Functioning
Interactive Zones of Optimal Functioning
Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning
Individual Zoning of Optimal Functioning
252
The component selective attention is about selecting what cues to attend to and disregard
True
False
253
Reinvestment hypothesis
- previously automatic movements now under conscious control
False
True
254
What is the correct order for these 3 coping elements?
Coping then Emotion then Appraisal
Appraisal then Coping then Emotion
Appraisal then Emotion then Coping
Emotion then Appraisal then Coping
255
Counterfactual thinking
is...
the psychology of “if i…”
the psychology of “if only…”
the psychology of “i should…”
256
Which of these are not Competitive stressors?
Roles of the sport
Self-Presentation and Opponents
Preparation (mental, physical, technical, tactical)
Injury & Expectation (internal/external)
257
Personality predicts athletic behaviour (coping strategies used in competition)
False
True
258
What are the two components of Appraisal (cognitive)?
Closeness and Openness
Primary and Knowledge
Control and balance
Primary and secondary appraisal
259
Men vs. Women: Which of the following is incorrect?
Women have higher extraversion than men
Women have lower neuroticism than men
Women have higher conscientiousness than men
Women have higher agreeableness than men
260
Cognitive and Somatic anxiety DO NOT change during the lead-up to competition
False
True
261
Ideal Group Size:
Approximately 25% above ideal is considered “too large”
True
False
262
physical activity (at least twice a week) was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD
False
True
263
An organised psycho-physiological reaction to ongoing relationships with the environment is...
Emotions (Relational)
Secondary appraisal
Emotional focused
Problem focused
264
Ego goals - success is evaluated in terms of demonstrating competence/superiority over others
False
True
265
What is the equation for
Group Productivity?
Actual Productivity= Potential Productivity - Process Losses
Potential Productivity= Actual Productivity - Process Losses
266
PST stands for...
Private Skill Training
Personal Skill Training
Physical Skill Training
Psychological Skill Training
267
Red DOES NOT signals dominance and aggression
True
False
268
What are the two main types of achievement goals?
Task goals and Ego goals
Task goals and Skill goals
269
Emotions occur when da individual appraises encounters with the environment -positive/negative
False
True
270
External attentional focus is...
directing attention outward to an object e.g. ball in soccer
looking at one to two things
directing attention inward to thought and feelings
analysing plays without having to perform
271
Anger and tension in
POMS
facilitative in some studies, debilitative in other studies
True
False
272
Longitudinal studies link physical activity at middle age to cognitive decline in old age
False
True
273
Social Cohesion in
Carron et al.’s (!985) Multidimensional Framework
is...
degree to which a team like each other and enjoy one another
degree to which a group work together to achieve their goals
274
How many Imagery types are there?
7
5
4
3
275
fMRI Studies (adults)
fit adults had greater hippocampal volume and better memory performance
False
True
276
In Childhood there is moderate correlation with Physical Activity and...
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
BMI and Ethnicity
Parental physical activity
Attitudes toward physical activity
277
Individual, interpersonal, environment, regional/national policy & Global are included in the…
Adapted Ecological Model
Adapted Emotion Model
Activity Ecological Model
278
Theory of Planned Behaviour
contends that behaviour is determined by...
one’s intention to perform that behaviour
other's intention to perform that behaviour
279
Attribution Retraining
is verbally persuading a...
strategy was the certain cause for the outcome
person that a certain cause was responsible for the outcome
280
Which of these are NOT in the three needs of the
Self-Determination Theory?
Engagement - interacting with peers
Autonomy - Feeling free to choose one’s own behaviour
Relatedness - Feeling connected to significant others
Competence - Interacting effectively with the environment
281
China, France, Germany & Holland have highest % of people who walk/cycle to work. What are da %
China (32), France (34.9), Germany (46.1) & Holland (37.9)
China (46.1), France (34.9), Germany (32) & Holland (37.9)
China (49.1), France (34.9), Germany (30) & Holland (37.9)
282
Which of these are CORRECT about
Mastery climate?
coach emphasis effort/personal improvement/skill development
coach emphasis on winning and public evaluation
283
Openness marks those who are open to new experiences from those who like familiar
False
True
284
Physiological States
is the weakest source of efficacy information
False
True
285
Change hypothesis is...
people take part in activities that suit their personality
partaking in activity that helps develop certain personality
286
People’s memory of critical incidents DOES NOT changes over time
True
False
287
Who was the founding father of Sport Psychology?
Howard Dobie
Coleman Robert Griffith
Patrick James
Norman Triplett
288
Which of these are NOT a barrier for Physical Activity (Adults)?
Money
Injury
Not the sport type
No time and need time to rest
289
Preparation is when people have taken small steps in order to begin the behaviour
True
False
290
Short-term success: single game success cannot be predicted by personality scores
False
True
291
Pre-game Emotions
- Greater excitement DOES NOT linked with greater concentration
False
True
292
Slightly overestimating one's ability has the most positive effect on performance
True
False
293
Self-Determination Theory
is a theory of motivation concerned with reward structures
False
True
294
Exercise addiction
is a disorder characterised by regular and excessive physical activity
False
True
295
Adult personality change over...
5 years
7 years
8 years
it doesn't change
296
Perceptions of anxiety DOES NOT differ between high and low athletes
False
True
297
Which of these is NOT one of the reasons why exercise has a great effect on depression?
All are reasons why exercise is great for depression
Social interaction & Increases in self-esteem through task
the serotonin hypothesis & changes in cortisol regulation
Endorphin (increase in plasma endorphins after exercise)
298
The Dangers of Mental Toughness are...
Over-competitive/not knowing when to give up
Avoid doctors and persist too long/endanger self and others
All are dangers of Mental Toughness
Selective attention to justify decisions
299
Conscientiousness and neuroticism predicted objective performance scores over a season
True
False
300
Which perspective relates to Imagery?
External: looking at an actor/ourselves as a spectator
Both are perspective relating to Imagery
Internal: within ourselves
301
Which of these are NOT a performance impairment that leads to Choking
Timing and coordination breakdown
Communication with team members
Muscle tightness and fatigue
Rushing and inability to attend to task-relevant cues
302
Which of these is NOT a reason adults dropout of Physical Activity?
Work
Need time for other things
Loss of interest
Money
303
Clinical, or major depression is the world’s No. 1 mental disorder. Which of these is also true
the 3rd most disabling condition behind heart disease
the 4th most disabling condition behind heart disease
the 2nd most disabling condition behind heart disease
304
The % of Australians that walk/cycle to work is...
4.7%
6%
5%
3.1%
305
What is the Ideal Group Size for Basketball(
BB
)/Volleyball(
VB
)/Soccer
(S
)/Hockey(
H
)?
BB=10.1, VB=9.8 S=16.3 H=18.3
BB=11.9, VB=9.8 S=16.3 H=16.1
306
What does a psychologist do in the Research Role?
Develop theories and to better understand psychology
To deliver courses
To perform private practice
To assess and guide individuals
307
40% of adults are physical inactive worldwide
True
False
308
Environment factors, weather, noise and competitors can cause distraction to our External Focus
True
False
309
Primary appraisal
is concerned with the relevance of a stimulus to a person’s well being
False
True
310
Judgment is a set of evaluative and inferential processes that people have at their disposal
False
True
311
In childhood there is a strong correlation with Physical Activity and ...
Both
Sex
Age
312
Which of these are INCORRECT about the
Incentive theories?
values environmental influences/ downplay biological influ.
All of them are correct
how external stimuli pull people in certain directions
Sources of motivation lies outside the organism
313
Analysis is using information gathered to make a decision e.g. whom to pass to
False
True
314
Which of these are INCORRECT about Physical Inactivity:
3 Million deaths per year worldwide
Eliminating PH would increase life expectancy by 0.68 years
10% breast/colon cancer, 7% coronary heart /type 2 diabetes
315
Increased arousal/anger result in aggression only when socially learned cues are present
False
True
316
Which of the following is not true about Concentration?
ability to focus mental effort on what is most important
One of the most important Psychological skills in sport
Regarded as separate to attention
Ignoring irrelevant information
317
Group Productivity:
Team A will be more effective than Team B if it has:
greater resources and experiences fewer process losses
greater resources and approximately equal process losses
approx. equal resources and experiences fewer process losses
All of them
318
The 4C Model: Commitment is being extremely committed to achieving one’s goals
False
True
319
Fewer fouls will be awarded against the home team because of the noise in the crowd
False
True
320
Process goals
are...
Short term
Controllable
Task-focused, and refers to execution of skills
All of them relate to process goals
321
Self-serving bias
is attributing positive and negative events to...
your own = positive and external factors = negative
your own = negative and external factors = positive
322
Secondary appraisal is evaluating certain factors and deciding how you're going to respond
False
True
323
What does a psychologist do in the Consultancy Role?
Have lunch with their patient
Develop a workout plan for their patient
Develop eating plans for their patient
Has a private practice
324
Exercise dependence
- a crave for physical activity, resultin in uncontrollable excess. exercise
False
True
325
The Gamblers Fallacy concept claims...
if something doesn't happen, it won't happen in the future
None of these are correct
if something happens more, it will happen less in the future
if something happens, it will happen again in the future
326
Motivational Climate -
the situational goal structure operating in an achievement context
False
True
327
Anxiety is NOT the most frequently investigated emotion in sport
False
True
328
‘Correspondence bias’
is when a friend crashes ur car n u blame them, but when u crash...
you blame yourself
you blame your parents
you blame the environment
329
Using specific words can alter people memory of events
False
True
330
What are the four components in the
Dimensions of Role Ambiguity?
Role evaluation
All are components
Scope of responsibilities and Role behaviours
Role consequences
331
Which of these is not correct about Mental Toughness?
Cope better than your opponents with the many demands
Determined, focused, confident, & in control under pressure
Panic and perform poorly
More consistent and better than your opponents
332
What does
GEQ
stand for?
Group Entertainment Questionnaire
Gaming Environment Questionnaire
Group Environment Questionnaire
Group Environment Quest
333
Primary Appraisal is how the event or interaction will affect you personally
False
True
334
Does the order of gymnasts in team competition influence the individual performance scores?
True
False
335
MTT stands for...
Mental Toughness Trial
Mental Toughness Teaching
Mental Toughness Training
Mental Toughness Team
336
Which of these is NOT a reason children/adolescence dropout of Physical Activity?
Perceptions of competence
Money and Support from significant others
Feelings of embarrassment
Need time for other things
337
Reinvestment hypothesis DOES NOT debilitate performance
True
False
338
Home Advantage has a strong effect in sports subjectively scored (e.g. gymnastics, diving)
True
Fasle
339
Suppression of emotions may cause people to perform worse on cognitive tasks
True
False
340
Do Athlete differ from non-athlete?
False
True
341
Imagery...
All are true about Imagery
is the ability to create or recreate experiences in the mind
is not only ‘seeing’ the action, but also focusing on sounds
enhances motor control/regulates emotions/fuels motivation
342
Specifying Performance Goal
is having clear idea & the specific actions required to achieve it
False
True
343
Which of these is true about Mental Toughness and Sport/Exercise?
Greater levels of optimism and approach-based coping
Lower of burnout rate & Less related to emotional responses
Increased occurrence of risk-taking behaviour
All is true
344
An emotion is an entity that involves:
Bodily arousal
A subjective cognitive experience
Characteristic overt expressions
All of them
345
Social loafing
can also occur from incorrect judgements about how labour(work) is divided
False
True
346
Egocentric (intragroup) bias
one's view of contributing to successes than to group failures
True
False
347
Avoidance coping, in shock/”a daze”, focused on magnitude and emotional are features of...
Medium Mental Toughness
High Mental Toughness
Low Mental Toughness
Not related to Mental Toughness
348
Positive statements help with...
Learning new skills
All of them are correct
Correcting bad habits and Focusing attention
Building self-confidence
349
Motivational-specific
is NOT imaging individual goals (e.g. winning a medal)
False
True
350
Intrinsic motivation (IM) is doing something because of the inherent satisfaction it brings
True
False
351
Confusion, fatigue and depression in
POMS
are NOT associated with poor performance
True
False
