The exocrine part of the pancreas secretes what?

Bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes

Follicular development in the ovaries begins with

The development of several follicles

The mechanism of action of insulin is via

a tyrosine kinase receptor found in the cell membrane

Cortisol is? (PEP=Peptide HORM= Hormone)

Steroid HORM synthesised on demand and diffuses out of cell

Diabetes Mellitus symptoms include

↑ plasma glucose , ↑ urine output, ↑ thirst

Main functions of Calcitonin are?

↓ Bone resorption ↓ Renal calcium reabsorption by the kidney

The release of growth hormone is regulated by

Somatostatin + GH releasing hormone acting antagonistically

In Cushing’s Syndrome there is excess cortisol secretion which

Increases glucose and decreases antibodies

Growth hormone (PP= Plasma Proteins)

Is 50% bound to PP so cannot be easily filtered in kidney

Are water soluble and bind to cell surface receptors

Aldosterone is part of the renin–angiotensin system and is important in the

regulation of blood pressure and blood volume.

Increases parasymp activity + this increases insulin release

In males Leutinising hormone (LH)

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

RTK Act through 1.___ of their receptor and activate/inactivate enzymes through 2.___

1. Phosphorylation 2. Phosphorylation

In the thyroid gland there are

C cells that secrete calcitonin

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic) hormone is

Released from the pituitary gland and inhibits CRH release

Thyroid hormone is synthesised

in the follicle of the thyroid gland

Thyroid pathologies for hypothyroidism include all the following except?

CNS physchological disturbances, irritability

A main action of cortisol is to?

↑ actions of glucagon and catecholamines to ↑ glucose

Which of the following is not one of the factors that affect Growth hormone GH release?

Tumors on the posterior pituitary

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) release

Is ↓ by ↑Ca levels and mediated by activation of Ca sensingR

Elevated insulin levels

Increases facilitated diffusion of glucose into adipo cells

Insulin like growth factors

Stimulates both bone and cartilage growth

Regulation of calcium involves

PTH because it increases intestinal Ca absorption indirectly

Destruction of the anterior pituitary would result in

↑ TRH, ↓ TSH and ↓ thyroxin

The three different stages of follicular development are:

1. Follicular stage 2. Ovulatory stage 3. Luteal phase

What is a Pheochromocytoma

Tumour of adrenal medulla ↑ secretion of catecholamines

The pancreas is a endocrine organ

That consists of exocrine and endocrine cells

Tumors of the pituitary could result in

↓ CRH, ↑ ACTH and ↑ cortisol on plasma

Calcitriol is produced

In the kidney and ↑Ca2+ absorption from the intestines

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Human Physiology 2 Body System Endocrinology Compilation Quiz

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#Rmit Compilation of question from Prof Emilio Badoer lectures and my own ones

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Questions 120

Answers

1
The exocrine part of the pancreas secretes what?
Insulin and amylin
Glucagon and digestive enzymes
Bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes
Glucagon and somatostatin
2
Increased circulating insulin levels
Increase cortisol release
Decrease glucose uptake
Have no effect on glucose uptake
Increase glucose uptake
3
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone release?
Only occurs monthly
Has a strong diurnal rhythm
Has a pulsatile rhythm
Only occurs in females
4
Follicular development in the ovaries begins with
The development of several follicles
The development of a dominant follicle
A surge of leutinising hormone
A surge of progesterone
5
The mechanism of action of insulin is via
A GPCR found in the cell membrane
a tyrosine kinase receptor found in the cell membrane
An intracellular receptor
a tyrosine kinase receptor found in the cytosol
6
Where are steroid hormone receptors found?
Endoplasmic reticulum or Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm or nucleus
Cell membrane or Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane or Nucleus
7
Which of the following endocrine organs secretes melatonin?
Anterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Thymus
8
Cortisol is? (PEP=Peptide HORM= Hormone)
PEP hormone synthesised on demand and diffuses out of cell
A steroid hormone that is stored and diffuses out of cell
Steroid HORM synthesised on demand and diffuses out of cell
Peptide hormone that is stored and diffuses out of cell
9
The thyroid gland is located?
On top of the kidneys
Adjacent to the adrenal
Is part of the pancreas
Near the larynx
10
Diabetes Mellitus symptoms include
↑ plasma glucose , ↑ urine output, ↑ thirst
↓ plasma glucose, ↓ urine output, ↓ thirst
↓ plasma glucose, ↑ urine output, ↑ thirst
↓ plasma glucose, ↓ urine output, ↑ thirst
11
Main functions of Calcitonin are?
↑ Bone resorption ↑ Renal calcium reabsorption by the kidney
↓ Bone resorption ↑ Renal calcium reabsorption by the kidney
↓ Bone resorption ↓ Renal calcium reabsorption by the kidney
↓ Bone resorption ↑ Renal calcium reabsorption by the kidney
12
The release of growth hormone is regulated by
Somatostatin only
Somatostatin + GH releasing hormone acting antagonistically
Growth hormone releasing hormone only
Somatostatin + GH releasing hormone acting in synergism
13
In Cushing’s Syndrome there is excess cortisol secretion which
Increase glucose and antibodies
Increases glucose and decreases antibodies
Decrease glucose and antibodies
Decreases glucose and increases antibodies
14
Growth hormone (PP= Plasma Proteins)
Released from the Post pituitary in response to somatostatin
Travels in the plasma as a 191 amino acid peptide only
Is 50% bound to PP so cannot be easily filtered in kidney
Is 50% bound to PP so can be easily filtered in the kidney
15
Catecholamines
Are steroid hormones synthesised from an amino acid
Are lipid soluble and bind to the cytoplasm of the cell
Are water soluble and bind to cell surface receptors
Cannot be stored and synthesised before they are needed
16
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is released from the
dominant follicle
placenta
anterior pituitary gland
corpus luteum
17
Aldosterone is part of the renin–angiotensin system and is important in the
regulation of blood pressure and hormone.
regulation of hormones and blood volume.
regulation of blood pressure and blood viscosity
regulation of blood pressure and blood volume.
18
The adrenal gland secretes?
acetylcholine
thyroxine
adrenaline
sympathetic ganglia
19
Steroid receptors are generally located within the cytosol of the cell?
False
True
20
Eating a meal
Increases parasymp activity + this decreases insulin release
Increases parasymp activity + no effect on insulin
Increases parasymp activity + this increases insulin release
Decreases parasymp activity + this decreases insulin release
21
In males Leutinising hormone (LH)
Stimulates adrenal glands to produce steriods
Stimulates Sertoli cells to produce proteins
Stimulates Sertoli cells to produce testosterone
Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone
22
The posterior pituitary gland
All of the above
Consists of nerve cell bodies
Connected to the hypothalamus
Makes oxytocin
23
RTK Act through 1.___ of their receptor and activate/inactivate enzymes through 2.___
1. Phosphorylation 2. Phosphorylation
1. Phosphorylation 2. ion channels
1. ion channels 2. ion channels
1. ion channels 2. Phosphorylation
24
In the thyroid gland there are
Follicular cells that secrete calcitonin
C cells that secrete thyroid hormone
Follicular cells that produce thyroid hormone
C cells that secrete calcitonin
25
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic) hormone is
Released from the pituitary gland and stimulates CRH release
Released from the adrenal glands and inhibits CRH release
Released from the adrenal gland and stimulates CRH release
Released from the pituitary gland and inhibits CRH release
26
Thyroid hormone is synthesised
in the follicular cells of the thymus gland
in the follicle of the thyroid gland
in the follicle of the thymus gland
in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland
27
Cretinism is caused by a lack of which hormone?
Cortisol
Thyroxine
Aldosterone
Calcitonin
28
Thyroid pathologies for hypothyroidism include all the following except?
CNS physchological disturbances, irritability
Weakness/Fatigue
Reduced heat production and metabolism
Cold intolerance
29
The adrenal gland is located?
Inferior to the kidneys
Lateral to the thyroid gland
Inferior to the hypothalamus
Superior to the kidneys
30
When does the level of GnRH surge?
During preovulatory stage
During puberty for females
During pregnancy
During puberty for males
31
Zona glomerulosa secretes what?
Catecholamines
glucocorticoids; cortisol
Aldosterone
Androgens, DHEA,
32
Which two hormones influence female secondary sex characteristic?
Estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen and androgens
Estradiol and androgens
Estradiol and progesterone
33
GPCRs have _______ transmembrane spanning components
7
3
5
9
34
Which horomone inhibits the release of GHRH
Dopamine
Gonadotropin (GnRH)
Somatostatin (SS)
Corticotrophin (CRH)
35
A main action of cortisol is to?
↓ actions of glucagon and catecholamines to ↓ glucose
↑ actions of glucagon and catecholamines to ↑ glucose
↓ actions of glucagon and catecholamines to ↑ glucose
↑ actions of glucagon and catecholamines to ↓ glucose
36
Which of the following is not one of the factors that affect Growth hormone GH release?
Tumors on the posterior pituitary
Circadian Rhythm
Stress and Cortisol
Metabolic factors
37
Which horomone inhibits the release of Oxytocin?
Somatostatin (SS)
Gonadotropin (GnRH)
Corticotrophin (CRH)
Dopamine
38
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) release
Is ↑ by ↑Ca levels and mediated by activ-n of Ca sensing R
Is ↓ by ↑Ca levels and mediated by activ-n of Ca sensing R
Is ↑ by ↓Ca levels and mediated by activ-n of Ca sensing R
Is ↓ by ↑Ca levels and mediated by activation of Ca sensingR
39
Elevated insulin levels
Increases facilitated diffusion of glucose into adipo cells
Helps glucose diffuse freely into adipose cells
Stimulates insertion of Glut 2 transporter into cell membran
Increases glucose uptake into all cells in the body
40
Insulin like growth factors
Stimulate both bone growth and growth hormone release
Stimulates both bone and cartilage growth
Stimulates cartilage growth only
Stimulates bone growth only
41
Regulation of calcium involves
PTH because it increases bone deposition
PTH because it increases intestinal Ca absorption indirectly
PTH because it increases renal calcium excretion
PTH because it increases intestinal Ca absorption directly
42
Which of the following hormones are derived from tyrosine?
Adrenaline
Aldosterone
Melatonin
Testosterone
43
The zona fasciculata contains cells that produce
cortisol
cholesterol
aldosterone
adrenaline
44
Destruction of the anterior pituitary would result in
↑ TRH, ↑ TSH and ↓ thyroxine
↑ TRH, ↑ TSH and ↑ thyroxine
↑ TRH, ↓ TSH and ↓ thyroxin
↓ TRH, ↓ TSH and ↓ thyroxine
45
The three different stages of follicular development are:
1. Follicular stage 2. Ovulatory stage 3. Luteal phase
1. Ovulatory stage 2. Luteal phase 3. Follicular stage
1. Follicular stage 2. Luteal phase 3. Ovulatory stage
1. Ovulatory stage 2 Follicular stage 3. Luteal phase
46
Insulin is produced by alpha cells and is normally in high concentration in the fasted stated?
False
True
47
What is a Pheochromocytoma
Tumour of adrenal medulla ↓ secretion of catecholamines
Tumour of adrenal medulla ↑ secretion of cortisol
Tumour of adrenal medulla ↑ secretion of catecholamines
Tumour of adrenal medulla ↓ secretion of cortisol
48
The pancreas is a endocrine organ
That consists predominantly of beta cells
That produces urine
That consists of exocrine and endocrine cells
Which secretes catecholamines
49
Tumors of the pituitary could result in
↓ CRH, ↑ ACTH and ↑ cortisol on plasma
↓ CRH, ↓ ACTH and ↓ cortisol on plasma
↓ CRH, ↑ ACTH and ↓ cortisol on plasma
↓ CRH, ↓ ACTH and ↑ cortisol on plasma
50
99% of body calcium is stored in bone
False
True
51
Calcitriol is produced
In the kidney and ↓Ca2+ absorption from the intestines
In the thyroid gland and ↓Ca2+ absorption from intestines
In the kidney and ↑Ca2+ absorption from the intestines
In the thyroid gland and ↑Ca2+ absorption from intestines
52
Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
Growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone
Oxytocin
Insulin
53
The Delta cells in the pancreas secrete what?
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Amylin
Insulin
54
The pituitary gland is
Connected to the hypothalamus
Is encased in a pocket of bone
All of the above
Consists of two glands
55
Which of the following cells play a role in thyroid hormone release?
Follicular cells
Delta cells
Parafollicular cells
Granulosa cells
56
Cytoplasmic free calcium is low
Because calcium is stored in bone
Because calcium is stored within organelles in cells
Because calcium easily diffuses out of cells
Because calcium forms a complex called hydroxyapatite
57
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is
most common in adults
most common in children
only occurs in pregnant women
the most common form of diabetes
58
For low estrogen or androgen the effect would be 1.___ and gonadotropin level would 2.___
1. No negative feedback 2. Decrease
1. No negative feedback 2. Increase
1. Positive feedback 2. Increase
1. Positive feedback 2. Decrease
59
Cortisol secretion is
continuous with a strong pulsate rhythm rhythm
continuous with a strong diurnal rhythm
inconsistent with a strong pulsate rhythm rhythm
inconsistent with a strong diurnal rhythm
60
Which of the following hormones is NOT derived from cholesterol?
Aldosterone
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Estradiol
61
The thyroid follicle is the site
In which iodine is synthesised
In which thyroid peroxidase adds iodide to trytophan
That concentrates calcitonin
In which thyroid peroxidase adds iodide to tyrosine
62
The adrenal medulla produces and releases catecholamin, mainly 1.___ (85%) and 2.___ (15%)
1. Noradrenaline 2. Adrenaline
1. Noradrenaline 2. Cortisol
1. Adrenaline 2. Noradrenaline
1. Adrenaline 2. Cortisol
63
Calcitonin is released by
↑ plasma calcium levels
↓ plasma calcium levels
↓ PH hormone
↑ PH hormone
64
Which of the following is not an effect of insulin
Utilisation of amino acids
Enhanced utilisation and storage of fatty acids
Enhanced utilisation and storage of glucose
Promote fat synthesis
65
The posterior pituitary does not make hormones
True
False
66
Cushing’s syndrome is caused by
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hypocortisolism
Hypercortisolism
67
A chemical messenger released from a cell and acts on target cell a short distance away, is?
Autocrine
Exocrine
Endocrine
Paracrine
68
Which of the following is not one of the actions of Parathyroid hormone? (ind= Indirectly
↑ bone resorption
↑ renal calcium reabsorption
↑ calcitriol release ↑ calcium absorption from intestine ind
↑ Calcitonin from thyroid gland
69
GnRH is produced in the 1.___ and released into 2.___
1. Thalamus 2. Median eminence
1. Hypothalumus 2. Posterior pituitary
1. Thalamus 2. Posterior pituitary
1. Hypothalumus 2. Median eminence
70
Zona reticularis secretes what?
Androgens, DHEA,
Aldosterone
glucocorticoids; cortisol
Catecholamines
71
which of the following statements concerning peptide hormones is FALSE?
Peptide hormones are first synthesized as prohormones
Prohormones can be activated before release via PT modificat
Peptide hormones remain in the Circ for short period of time
Peptide hormones synthesis and release bypass the golgi
72
Insulin
Helps to actively transport glucose into liver cells
↑ facilitated diffusion of glu into liver cells via Glut 2
Increases glucose uptake into all cells in the body
stim insertion of Glut 4 transporter into liver cell memb
73
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Is released in high amounts throughout the ovulatory cycle
Is released in high amounts for the duration of gestation
Is released in high amounts in early gestation
Is released in high amounts in late gestation
74
Insulin binds to what receptor?
G-Protein coupled receptors
Glut 2 receptors
Tyrosine kinase receptor
Glut 4 receptors
75
Growth hormone
Release is suppressed from Post Pit in resp to somatostatin
Is released from ant pituitary in response to somatostatin
Release is suppressed from Ant Pit in resp to somatostatin
Is released from Post pituitary in response to somatostatin
76
In feedback regulation: Cortisol regulates ACTH and CRH release, so ACTH regulates ___? release
ACTH
CRH
Cortisol
PTH
77
Mr B had a severe haemorrhage, what would you expect to see?
No effect on aldosterone
Decreased Na+ reabsorption
Increased aldosterone
decreased aldosterone
78
The zona fasciculata
Is part of the adrenal medulla
Is the adrenaline producing region
Is part of the adrenal cortex
Is part of the kidney cortex
79
Glucagon
increases glycogenolysisand reduces gluconeogenesis
reduces glycogenolysis and increases gluconeogenesis
increases glycogenolysis and increases gluconeogenesis
reduces glycogenolysis and reduces gluconeogenesis
80
Cortisol acts on
Cell surface receptors to increase plasma glucose
Cell cytoplasmic receptors to decrease plasma glucose
Cell surface receptors to decrease plasma glucose
Cell cytoplasmic receptors to increase plasma glucose
81
Melatonin binds to a GPCR (the melatonin receptor) that is derived from tryptophan
True
False
82
Calcitriol
Increases intestinal calcium reabsorption – indirect effect
Decreases intestinal calcium reabsorption – indirect effect
Increases intestinal calcium reabsorption – direct effect
Decreases intestinal calcium reabsorption – direct effect
83
In females follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovaries to produce?
Estrogen and testosterone
Estradiol and progesterone
Estrogen and Progesterone
Estradiol and testosterone
84
Glucose affects insulin release by
opening K+ channels and opening Ca++ channels
opening K+ channels
acting on a receptor
closing K+ channels and opening Ca++ channels
85
Glucagon release is
Reduced by glucose
Increased by glucose
Influenced by Delta cells
Not affected by glucose
86
The situation where a hormone acts back on the same cell that is produced it is known as?
Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine
Neurocrine
87
Active hormone stored in secretory vesicles and are released from cell by a process called
Exoplasmicosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Endoplamicosis
88
__________ are responsible for the maintenance of the uterus during gestation
LH and progesterone
Estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen and anti Mullerian hormone
FSH and progesterone
89
If there was a hypersecreting tumor in the hypothalamus it could cause which of the following?
↑ CRH ↑ ACTH ↑ Cortisol
↓ CRH ↓ ACTH ↑ Cortisol
↓ CRH ↓ ACTH ↓ Cortisol
↑ CRH ↑ ACTH ↓ Cortisol
90
Steroids are lipophilic and can pass through membranes. Thus,
they cannot be stored but are synthesised well before needed
None of the answers
they cannot be stored and must be synthesised when needed
they can be stored and are synthesised when needed
91
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) primarily acts on
Sertoli cells and granulosa cells
Leydig cells
Sertoli cells
Granulosa cells
92
Cortisol is lipid soluble
False
True
93
Leutinising hormone is released from
anterior pituitary gland and acts sertoli cells
anterior pituitary gland and acts on leydig cells
posterior pituitary gland and acts sertoli cells
posterior pituitary gland and acts on leydig cells
94
Growth hormone stimulates
Stimulates release of insulin like growth factors
Growth of cartilage directly
Release of growth hormone releasing hormone
Gluconeogenesis and a reduction in plasma glucose
95
Aldosterone is
Lipid soluble
Not soluble in water
Not soluble in lipids
Water soluble
96
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone is released from neurons located?
In the thalamus
In the anterior pituitary gland
In the posterior pituitary gland
In the hypothalamus
97
Which hormones are involved in the regulation of follicle development
LH (Leutinising Hormone)
AMH (Anti Mullerian Hormone)
GnRH
FSH (Follicle Stimulation Hormone)
98
The following are all produced in the anterior pituitary?
TSH, PRL, GH, ACTH
TSH, PRL, GH, GnRH
TSH, PRL, ACTH, GnRH
TSH, PRL, GH, GHRH
99
Parathyroid hormone induces
↑Ca2+ absorption from intestines throughaction of calcitriol
↑ Ca2+ absorption from the intestines
↓Ca2+ absorption from intestine through action calcitriol
↓ Ca2+ absorption from the intestines
100
Vasopressin is
A hormone made by the anterior pituitary
A hormone made by the posterior pituitary
A hormone released by the anterior pituitary
A hormone released by the posterior pituitary
101
Increased circulating glucose levels
3. Increase glucacon release
Both 2. and 3.
1. Decrease insulin release
2. Increase insulin release
102
Which of the following have a similar precursor?
aldosterone, cortisol, adrenaline
thyroxine, aldosterone, cortisol
estrogen, aldosterone, cortisol
thyroxine, aldosterone, estrogen
103
For high androgen the effect would be 1.___ and gonadotropin level would 2.___
1. Negative feedback 2. Decrease
1. Positive feedback 2. Decrease
1. Positive feedback 2. Increase
1. Negative feedback 2. Increase
104
For peptides their half life is
Short - often minutes
Depend on the type of cell releasing
Depend on the cells receptor ability
Long - often days
105
Glucagon acts on what receptor?
Glut 2`
RTK
GPCR
Glut 4
106
Goitres can be caused by both hypo and hyperthyrodism?
False
True
107
Trophic hormones are hormones that have other 1.___ as their 2.___
1. Cells 2. Receptors
1. Cells 2. Target
1. Endocrine glands 2. Receptors
1. Endocrine glands 2. Target
108
Which of the following cell types synthesise testosterone?
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Alpha cells
Parafollicular cells
109
Conditions in which the pituitary is secreting ↑ACTH, you could see the following in plasma
High CRH, high ACTH and high Cortisol
Low CRH, high ACTH and high Cortisol
Low CRH, high ACTH and low Cortisol
High CRH, high ACTH and low Cortisol
110
Loss of function of the adrenal gland could result in
↓ CRH, ↑ ACTH and ↑ cortisol in plasma
↓ CRH, ↓ ACTH and ↑ cortisol in plasma
↑ CRH, ↑ ACTH and ↓ cortisol in plasma
↑ CRH, ↓ ACTH and ↓ cortisol in plasma
111
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterised by
slow onset and little weight loss
slow onset and sudden weight loss
sudden onset and sudden weight loss
sudden onset but little weight loss
112
When a hormone binds to a GPCR, the receptor phosphorylates their transmembrane spanning units?
False
True
113
The islets of Langerhans
Consist predominantly of beta cells
Consist predominantly of delta cells
Consist of alpha and beta cells only
Consist of alpha cells only
114
Cortisol is
High in the evening and High in the morning
High in the evening and Low in the morning
Low in the evening and High in the morning
Low in the evening and Low in the morning
115
Peptide hormones are synthesized in the _____ of the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Nucleus
116
The three key hormones that regulate calcium homeostasis are ?
Thyroxine, Calcitriol, Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone,Calcitriol, GH
Thyroxine, Calcitriol, GH
Parathyroid hormone,Calcitriol, Calcitonin
117
In the fasted state
GLUC is transported into adipose via non-INSU dependent mech
There are no insulin receptors in adipose cells
Glucose diffuses freely into adipose cells
Glucose cannot diffuse freely into adipose cells
118
Thyroid pathologies for hyperthyroidism include all the following except?
↑ oxygen consumption and heat production
Goitre
↓ heart rate and force of contraction
↑ muscle catabolism
119
Which hormone is essential for spermatogenesis?
Progesterone
Testosterone
Estrogen
Estrodiol
120
The hypophyseal-portal system has
Two capillary beds in series
Three capillary beds
Two capillary beds in parallel
One capillary bed

Human Physiology 2 Body System Endocrinology Compilation Quiz Flashcards | StudBud