Which of the following describes a property of pure water?

can hold many molecules in solution

Which of the following describes mass wasting?

downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity

In general, environmentalists believe that governments should ________.

promote social and environmental justice

Organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use _____ instead of _____ to convert CO2 into sugars.

hydrogen sulfide (H2S); sunlight

Which of the following statements about the rock cycle is TRUE?

Weathering and erosion can cause any rock type to sediment.

Environmental policy aims to ________.

promote fairness between people in the need of resources

Based on the graph, by 2050 what is the range of the human population projected to be?

7.8-10.8 billion people on the plant

The philosophy of classical economics developed by Adam Smith ________.

advocates laissez-faire policies

Cassandras are ________.

people who acknowledge that Earth's resources are finite

The force driving plate tectonics is ________.

heat in the inner layers of the earth

Finish the sentence: Contingent valuation says ________.

how much we would pay to restore a resource after damage

Which statement is TRUE about the United States population since 1900?

The baby boom added 79 million people.

Kyoto Protocol (2005) is an agreement that

calls for reducing, by 2012, emissions of 6 greenhouse gases

The graph successfully illustrates ________.

how price is determined by supply and demand

incentives provided by the gov't to encourage an activity

Population change is measured by each of these EXCEPT

replacement-level fertility rate

Clean Air Act (1970) established

air quality standards on primary and secondary air pollutant

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APES 2019 Midterm Exam Review

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STH APES Ch. 2 : Review for #Withgott 5 Edition Ch. 2 & 3 STH APES Human Population: Human Population and Its Impact STH APES LAP 5 Environmental Policy, Ethics, and Law: AP Environmental Science

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Questions 91

Answers

1
Undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions may produce ________.
pyroclastic flow
tsunamis
lahars
hurricanes
2
All of the following migration reasons affect an area’s population size EXCEPT...
Economic improvement
Total fertility rate
Political and religious freedom
Environmental refugees and war
3
A rule or guideline that directs individual, organizational, or societal behavior is a _____
executive order
tort law
treaty
policy
4
Which of the following describes a property of pure water?
changes temperature rapidly
more dense as a solid
can hold many molecules in solution
acidic pH
5
Which of the following describes mass wasting?
the destruction of sedimentary rock by earthquakes
deterioration of an atom because of radioactivity
flood damage resulting from a tsunami
downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity
6
All of the following are problems with rapid population decline EXCEPT
labor shortages
pensions cut and retirement age increased
enhances economic growth
higher health care cost
7
In general, environmentalists believe that governments should ________.
nationalize all Earth's natural resources
promote social and environmental justice
lower corporate taxes
deregulate corporations
8
Crude birth rate = # births per _______ people in a population per year
10
10,000
1,000
100
9
Nature operates in self-renewing cycles and are good models for sustainable economies is _____
Capitalists
Ecological economists
Socialists
Cornucopians
10
GPI is an acronym for ________.
Genuine Progress Indicator
Global Pollution Index
Gas Price Index
Good Parent Index
11
All of the following help control infectious diseases in the human population EXCEPT
unsustainable resource use
sanitation systems
antibiotics
vaccines
12
Organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use _____ instead of _____ to convert CO₂ into sugars.
hydrogen sulfide (H2S); sunlight
energy; sunlight
sunlight; water
sunlight; carbohydrates
13
Which of the following statements about the rock cycle is TRUE?
Sediments form igneous rock via lithification.
Sedimentary rock forms metamorphic rock as it erodes.
The cooling of magma forms metamorphic rock.
Weathering and erosion can cause any rock type to sediment.
14
Which accounts for the nonmarket value of goods and a country's desirable economic activity?
GNP
GAP
GDP
GPI
15
The average number of children born to women in a population is called the ____.
replacement level fertility
total fertility rate
population change
birth rate
16
When a oceanic plate collides w/ a continental plate
substitution occurs
all of the above
waterfall forms
subduction occurs
17
The products (right side of equation) of cellular respiration
energy+O2
energy+CO2+water
water+glucose
methane+O2
18
___ is best defined as the study of how we decide to use scarce resources in the face of demand
Economics
Ethics
Environmental science
Ecology
19
The 3 layers of Earth from inner to outer
mantle-core-crust
crust-core-mantle
crust-core-super core
core-mantle-crust
20
Environmental policy aims to ________.
promote fairness between people in the need of resources
promote economic growth
use natural resources for economically industrial products
protect the values of the landowner
21
River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of ________.
thermodynamics
kinetic energy
potential energy
chemical energy
22
Plastics are ________.
assembled by enzymes in cells
petroleum-based hydrocarbons
synthetic proteins
unstable and break down easily
23
Based on the graph, by 2050 what is the range of the human population projected to be?
10.8-12 billion people on the plant
7.8-10.8 billion people on the plant
7.8-9.3 billion people on the plant
9.3-10.8 billion people on the plant
24
#Protons plus # Neutrons =
atomic number
number of neutrons
atomic mass
atomic charge
25
Decisions rendered by the courts make up a body of law known as ________.
environmental law
mandatory law
case law
statutory law
26
The philosophy of classical economics developed by Adam Smith ________.
advocates laissez-faire policies
assures equality between rich and poor
argues that acting in your own self-interest harm society
was adopted by the Aborigines in Kakadu region of Australia
27
External costs include ________.
wages
utilities
environmental damage
raw materials
28
Cassandras are ________.
an invasive species
followers of Plato
people who believe technology will find new resources
people who acknowledge that Earth's resources are finite
29
A cost-benefit analysis for a public project always includes
the external costs
the internal costs
the GNP
the GDP
30
River behind a dam is a type of
potential nrg
kinetic nrg
static nrg
chemical nrg
31
The force driving plate tectonics is ________.
nuclear reactions in magma
freezing and thawing of water in the earth's crust
gravity
heat in the inner layers of the earth
32
Which statistic has the largest percent change from 1900 to 2000?
homes with electricity
high school graduates
homes with flush toilets
married women working outside the home
33
Modern market economies generally do not address ________.
market value of goods
GDP
aesthetic and cultural value
cost-benefit analysis
34
From largest to smallest what are the 3 most populated countries in the world?
China, India, USA
India, China, USA
USA, India, China
China, USA, India
35
Energy changes from ordered to disordered state
4th Law of Thermodynamics
1st Law of Thermodynamics
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
3rd Law of Thermodynamics
36
You hear a news story about the dangers of pyroclastic flow. Which is the news story about?
tsunamis
volcanic eruptions
geysers
floods
37
Finish the sentence: Contingent valuation says ________.
how much we would pay to restore a resource after damage
how much time and money people spend to travel
we should treat others as we wish to be treated
all individuals deserve just and equal treatment
38
Which statement is TRUE about the United States population since 1900?
Lifestyles have stayed the same.
The baby boom added 79 million people.
Total fertility rate has remained constant.
The population has remained constant.
39
U.S. infant mortality rate is high compared to other developed countries. Which is NOT a reason
Lack of clean water
High birth rate among teenagers
Drug addiction among pregnant women
Inadequate health care 4 poor while pregnant & 4 infants
40
Kyoto Protocol (2005) is an agreement that
calls for reducing, by 2012, emissions of 6 greenhouse gases
calls to reduce the number of CFCs depleting the ozone
led to the advancement of solar energy
calls for the number of coyotes living in rural areas
41
Which of the following is NOT a reason for human population increase?
early and modern agriculture methods
carrying capacity reached
infectious disease control
movement into new habitats & climate zones
42
The graph successfully illustrates ________.
how price is determined by supply and demand
the costs of resource use and pollution reduction
marginal benefit and cost curves
internal and external costs associated with market economies
43
A law addressing the harm caused to another person
Jude Law
Tort Law
Western Merit Law
Statutory Law
44
________ are the main water-insoluble components of cell membranes.
Proteins
Phospholipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
45
Empowering women in the following ways can slow population growth EXCEPT
less income
paying jobs outside the home
human rights
education
46
An example of divergent plate boundary
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Santa Clarita Fault
San Andreas Fault
mountains
47
Best indicator of a society’s quality of life bc it reflects level of nutrition & health care.
life expectancy
Infant Mortality Rate
48
Subsidies are
A housing tax on wealthy
incentives provided by the gov't to encourage an activity
the side of an ecosystem with no environmental harm
An agency working to develop solutions to pollution issues
49
Population change is measured by each of these EXCEPT
migration
deaths or mortality
replacement-level fertility rate
births or fertility
50
Clean Air Act (1970) established
a plan to protect identified endangered species in the US
a superfund for emergency response of toxic and hazard waste
a goal of creating "fishable, swimmable" waterways
air quality standards on primary and secondary air pollutant
51
The products of photosynthesis (on the right side of the equation)
sugar+CO2
sugar+water
water+sun
sugar+O2
52
International environmental law arises from ________.
international conventions or treaties
informal agreements reached by multinational corporations
democratic voting procedures to choose and ratify laws
distribution and use of pollution permits
53
If oil suddenly became scarce while demand remains constant the intersection on the graph would
move up on the demand line
move up on the supply line
move down on demand line
move down on the supply line
54
An atom has 2 electrons, 3 protons, and 3 neutrons. What is the atom's mass number?
3
6
5
8
55
Which of the following statements about the rock cycle is TRUE?
Erosion can cause all three rock types to become sediments.
The cooling of magma forms metamorphic rock.
Sedimentary rock forms metamorphic rock as it erodes.
Sediments form igneous rock via lithification.
56
Statutory laws are passed by _______
CEOs
Executive branch
Legislative branch
Judicial branch
57
Which of the following is NOT true regarding India?
40% suffer from malnutrition
1 in 4 living in poverty
gender bias for females
2/3 of water polluted
58
Human pop. increases exponentially while food supplies increase more slowly at a linear rate
Aldo Leopold said this.
Thomas Malthus said this.
Margaret Meade said this.
Garrett Hardin said this.
59
Economic sustainability is achieved by reduction of growth & by more efficient resource use
Environmental economists
Socialists
Capitalists
Ecological economists
60
External costs includes
energy costs to operate a factory
worker's compensation and insurance coverages
an employee's wages
acid rain damage caused by factory
61
one who evaluates an action based on its impact on human health & economic costs and benefits
anthropocentrist
biocentrist
ethnocentrist
ecocentrist
62
The first laws in U.S. environmental policy ________.
were to preserve endangered species
were intended to promote settlement of the West
dealt primarily with management of private land
were passed as early as 1980
63
When you burn a log in your fireplace you are converting ________.
chemical to nuclear energy
thermal to electromagnetic energy
chemical to thermal energy
electromagnetic to chemical
64
defined as the knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people
Habitat
Niche
Culture
Worldview
65
Which is a CORRECTLY matched description with the stage of demographic transition?
Industrial - high birth rate, low death rate
Postindustrial - high birth rate, low death rate
Transitional -high birth rate, low death rate
Preindustrial - high birth rate, low death rate
66
Total number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years is ___.
cultural carrying capacity
Replacement-level Fertility Rate
Crude Birth Rate
Total Fertility Rate
67
The type of rock formed when magma or lava cooled
lithosperic
sedimentary
geothermic
igneous
68
(births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration) measures
Population Change
Crude Birth Rate
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Crude Death Rate
69
A solution w/ a pH of 2 is ____ more acidic than a solution w/ a pH of 5
100
30
1,000
10
70
Humans have altered 83% of the earth’s ___________ to meet our needs.
water ways
atmosphere
land surface
genetic information
71
In sustainable economies, ______
ecolabeling is standard practice
slowing economic growth compromises quality of life
permit trading is discouraged
green taxes are abolished
72
We use ________ to catalyze the chemical reactions of digestion.
isotopes
nucleic acids
enzymes
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
73
All of the following are compounds EXCEPT ________.
methane
oxygen gas
glucose
water
74
Which is the correct answer regarding the replacement-level fertility rate?
2.8 in developing countries
2.1 in developing countries
1.5 in developed countries
2.1 in developed countries
75
An example of greenwashing is ________
using biodegradable paints
creating the illusion of green or sustainable practices
discounting future effects
ecolabeling
76
By 2050, 97% of population growth will be in
the European Union
developed countries
developing countries
the U.S., Canada, and Mexico
77
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed
Law of heat production
Law of thermodynamics
Law of conservation of matter
Law of matter of fact
78
Population size increases because of births and _______________.
deaths
immigration
migration
emigration
79
This bond connects two water molecules together
nitrogen bond
hydrogen bond
coexist bond
covalent bond
80
What is the replacement fertility rate for women?
2.0 / woman
2.1 / woman
2.8 / woman
1.6 / woman
81
What is responsible for 55% drop in TFRs from 1960 (6.0) to 2012 (2.6) in developing countries?
migration
sustainable resource use
affluence
family planning
82
Enforcement and elaboration of statutory law is given to ________.
watchdog groups
the legislative branch
administrative agencies
the judicial branch
83
________ are composed of amino acids.
Proteins
Bases
Carbohydrates
Lipids
84
Which of the following is NOT an effective way to slow human population growth?
elevate the status of women
reduce poverty
encourage family planning
encourage affluence
85
Which of the following factors do NOT affect birth and fertility rates?
pension plans for older adults
immigration and emigration
education and employment for women
age of women at first child
86
Which of the following is an assumption of neoclassical economics?
External costs and benefits are valuable.
Long-term effects and planning are important.
Growth is good.
Resources are finite.
87
________ rock has undergone heat or pressure, causing it to change form.
Conglomerate
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
88
Which of the following descriptions CORRECTLY matches the age structure diagram shape?
slow growth - broad base
negative growth - inverted pyramid
rapid growth - inverted pyramid
stable growth - broad base
89
What is the study of the size, composition and distribution of human populations called?
Environmental Science
Demography
Physiology
Population Ecology
90
Which of the following is NOT true regarding China?
gender imbalance
fast growing economy
serious environmental problems
encourage many children
91
The reactants (on the left side of the equation) of photosynthesis
CO2+water+sugar
CO2 + sugar
CO2+water+sun
O2+sugar+sun

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