Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

What is not a characteristic of groupthink?

gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)

When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...

an avoidance-avoidance conflict

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

a variable ratio reinforcement schedule

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

blocks the action of neurotransmitters

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

studbud

Lightning Round AP Exam Cumulative Review

85 termsStudBud Administration136 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 85

Answers

1
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
limbic system
reticular formation
2
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
3
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender differences
4
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
extinction
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
5
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
mean
median
midpoint
6
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
7
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
behavioral quality
personality
temperament
8
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
been dreaming
9
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
constancy
similiarity
10
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
11
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
insight
intelligence
creativity
12
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
13
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
relearning
reiteration
14
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
perception
processing
15
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
16
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
17
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
18
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
agonists
19
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
20
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
21
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
22
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
intermediate-term
short-term
long-term
23
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
24
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
25
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
26
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
happiness
sadness
fear
27
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
28
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
saturation
brightness
light purity
29
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a variable ratio reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a fixed interval reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
30
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
reticular formation
cerebellum
brainstem
31
Kohlberg's stage: people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
concrete
conventional
postconventional
32
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
schematizing
cultural direction
33
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
34
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
latent learning
insight learning
operant conditioning
35
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
36
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
37
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
38
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
group polarization
social loafing
deindividuation
39
The potentially causal factor manipulated by the experimenter is called the _________variable
Independent
control
random
dependent
40
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
41
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
anal
oral
latency
42
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
43
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
44
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
sing a song
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
45
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
schizophrenic
anxiety
mood
46
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father wash his car, demonstrating
observational learning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
47
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
48
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in openness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
49
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
50
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
absolute threshold
51
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
functionalism
attributionism
collectivism
52
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
tone
food/meat powder
salivation
53
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
54
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a narcotic
a sedative
a hallucinogen
55
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent thoughts/beliefs
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
56
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
57
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
timbre
decibels
pitch
58
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
59
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
prejudices
self-serving bias
stereotypes
60
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
61
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
62
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
63
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
thalamus
pineal gland
64
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
loud noise
fear reaction
rat
65
Our adaptive behaviors are learned and maintain because they help us be more effective
behaviorism
neodynamism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
66
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
modeled
retrieved
encoded
67
The idea that the mind functions by combining objective sensations and subjective feelings
structuralism
imperialism
functionalism
behavioralism
68
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
stirrup
69
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
70
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
accuracy of inference
predictability
consistency
71
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
cognitive dissonance
obedience
conformity
72
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
endorphin
73
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
behavior
the unconscious
the brain
74
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
selection
shaping
75
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
exposure to light
cultural practices
76
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
hypnosis
sensation
consciousness
perception
77
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
the dispositional qualities of the residents
78
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
79
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
80
A person who perceives sensory stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
hallucinations
illusions
delusions
81
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
82
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
83
Homeostasis is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive reduction theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
84
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
85
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
display rules
investment differentiations

Lightning Round AP Exam Cumulative Review Flashcards | StudBud