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Unit 3 & 4 Review
Unit 3 & 4 Review
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1
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
2
This
IVORY
statue from 17th century
INDIA
exported to
PORTUGAL
could be used as evidence to prove
India=proof that Asian trade goods were highly in demand.
Christ child=proof that Portuguese trading diffused Catholicism to Asia.
Ivory=proof that Swahili merchants continued to trade African luxury goods.
Crown=proof that imperial states used art to reinforce their legitimacy.
3
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
Middle East
East Asia
South Asia
The Americas
4
"The Examination Hall for the Bureaucrats"
Social promotion of Confucianism
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
Economic production of goods for export
Political Recruitment of Elites
5
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
6
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
7
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment
The Artistic Renaissance
The Age of Exploration
8
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
9
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
10
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
11
How did both the Qing Dynasty & Tokugawa Shogunate respond to European influence?
They promoted Asian trade but limited European missionaries & merchants.
They allowed European merchants free trading privileges.
They cut off all contact with the outside world.
They encouraged the spread of Christianity in their territories.
12
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Islam
Christianity and Judaism
Hinduism and Buddhism
Islam and Confucianism
13
In Beijing, China. Built for the "Celestial Emperor" & seat of government for 500 years. Very Confucian layout!
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
14
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
15
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
encomienda
mit'a
chattel slavery
indentured servitude
16
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
17
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
18
This description of the Ottoman Empire shows that a continuity from Unit 1 to Unit 3 is that Ottomans were ORIGINALLY
pastoralist Turkish peoples.
merchant trading Mediterranean peoples.
Christian peoples.
settled agriculturalist Byzantine peoples.
19
How is gunpowder made?
magic
collecting angry sand
by mixing sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal
combining salt and peppa
20
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
21
Context: The example of
Zheng He
before 1450 demonstrates that land empires like the Ming were increasingly
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
looking to create empires in the Americas.
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
22
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
23
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Mughal Empire
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
24
Who discovered gunpowder/how?
by religious leaders looking for a way to scare away spirits.
by peasants who dug it up during farming
by blacksmiths looking to create better metals
by alchemists trying to discover a potion of immortality
25
A Qing Dynasty Emperor (the elite of the elite) had a long day. What would have been the "cultural" part of his morning?
5am-7am: Worship of ancestors & the Buddha
7am-9:30am: Reading reports from local officials about harvests, money, etc
11am-2:30pm: Writing laws
9:30am-11am: Meeting with officials
26
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Economic powers
Social powers
Cultural religious powers
Technological powers
27
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
28
Below is an image of a follower of "Taki Onqoy". What would he have believed?
It was his duty to fight attempts to convert him
It was his duty to convert to Protestantism
It was his duty to convert to Catholicism
29
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
30
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
Middle East
China
Russia
South Asia
31
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
32
The "casta system" was
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
an economic system.
a Latin American card game.
a racially based social hierarchy.
33
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
34
Increasingly, many are protesting
AGAINST
Columbus Day in the USA because they argue that...
Columbus lied, enslaved & killed natives, & his "discovery" was a theft.
Columbus was a great example of Italian (Latin) migration to the U.S. of A.
Columbus was a brave Christian who diffused Western Civilization.
C'mon, it's a day off work. What's the problem?
35
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
36
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created taxation systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
37
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
38
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
He started civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
39
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
German Empire
French Empire
Russian Empire
Spanish Empire
40
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
Native American Animism
Spanish Catholicism
East Asian Buddhism
African Yoruba Shamanism
41
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
42
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Sunni vs. Shia
Protestants vs. Catholics
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
Hindus vs. Muslims
43
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
44
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
45
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
46
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
47
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
48
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
49
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
50
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
51
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
colonies in the Americas.
silver-backed currencies.
caravels using lateen sails.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
52
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
53
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Ottomans
the Manchu Qing
the Safavids
the Mughals
54
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
55
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
56
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
57
Watch
WHOLE VIDEO
! For the Ottomans, capturing Constantinople (with cannons) was
MOST
important because_____
It gave them economic benefits from taxing trade with Europe.
It was their original home & they wanted it back.
It was the most important religious site of their empire.
They wanted it to build pasture land for their horses.
58
This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in
1590
; the workers are
Native American
. Which is true?
They were slaves forced to labor for the Spanish
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
59
Given its location and description, the city of Tauris in the Safavid Empire shows the continuing importance of
Trans-Saharan Trade
The Silk Road
Indian Ocean Sea Trade
Mediterranean Ocean Trade
60
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
61
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
62
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
63
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
64
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
65
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
66
"All the Family Turns out for Marriage Ceremony"
Social promotion of Confucianism
Political Recruitment of Elites
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
Economic production of goods for export
67
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
68
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
69
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
70
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
71
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
72
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
73
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
74
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
75
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
76
Which date represents the greatest SETBACK (defeat) for Ottoman expansion efforts?
1676
1514
1571
1606
77
The underlined sentence could best be used to demonstrate which stage of imperial development?
Its importance as an imperial capital.
Its decline following imperial expansion and conflict.
Its growth because of the silk road.
Its creation as an agricultural settlement.
78
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
79
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Han Dynasty
Mongol Empire
Egyptian Empire
Roman Empire
80
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
81
"Peasant women weaving silk"
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
Political Recruitment of Elites
Economic production of goods for export
Social promotion of Confucianism
82
The 'pilgrims' started a wave of British settler colonies in the Americas. What were they looking for?
They were looking for a passage to Asia.
They were looking to spread Catholicism.
They were Protestants looking to flee religious violence.
The were looking for gold.
83
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Byzantines
The Egyptians
The Romans
The Chinese
84
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
85
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
86
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
87
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
88
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
89
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Native American and African cultures
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Christianity and Islam
90
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Bows and arrows
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
Horse saddles & stirrups
Infantry with shields and swords
91
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
92
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
93
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
94
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
95
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
The Silk Road
Regional trade in the Americas
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
96
"Boats on the Great Canal"
Social promotion of Confucianism
Economic production of goods for export
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
Political Recruitment of Elites
97
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
98
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
