HCL 402 Midterm Review

The Theatre of Marcellus originally accomodated between 15,000 and 20,000 specators.

To secure the peace of the capital, Augustus divided Rome into ___ regions.

Vespasian was an experienced ______

What were the most important conquests under Claudius?

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were both murdered by senators who feared losing their privileges.

Who was the first Roman prose historian who proposed the list of the Seven Kings?

The first ____ was made up of 100 advisors to the king, later expanded to 300 (100 from each tribe).

Unlike a king, consuls:

Agrippina poisoned Claudius to secure her son's emperor position.

The HORLOGIUM AUGUSTI was a giant ___, with an obelisk serving as a gnomon and the surrounding buildings as markers.

Thanks to Roman military expansion, __ was the first language of the Italian peninsula, and spread with Rome's conquests

In what year did Claudius begin construction of the new harbor, which replaced the harbor of Ostia?

The Etruscan Kings established Rome as a city-state and implemented essential organization.

Rome's intermittent conflict with Carthage (Punic Wars) spanned over 100 years.

Tiberius Gracchus attempted to:

When was Julius Caesar murdered by a party of aristocratic Republicans, headed by Brutus and Cassius?

When Octavian returned victorius to Rome as de facto dictator, he:

The Pantheon was highly influential to many great architects in the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods

_____, Caligula's sister and Claudius' niece, persuaded Claudius to formally adopt her son Nero, and later poisoned him.

The Colosseum, with a capacity of around 80,000 spectators, was originally used for ______.

Reformers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were:

Mark Antony fell in love with the Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra

Claudius was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness, so his family excluded him from public office, so he focused on:

The Colosseum was repurposed as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortess, a Christian shrine, and:

How long did the Second Triumvirate rule Rome?

The Colosseum stayed in use for longer than the Circus Maximus.

One of Vespasian's wisest decisions in his leadership was:

With the help of miliary leader Aulus Plautius, Claudius initiated a full-scale invasion of _____ in 43 CE

Augustus turned the miliarary from a ___ army to a ____ army.

The Forum of Julius Caesar, a piazza surrounded up porticoes, was the first of the Imperial Fora.

The Arch of Titus, which the Senate built after the emperor's death, was in memory of ______.

Augustus appointed a cultural advisor, ____, to aid him in extending patronage to poets.

Which does NOT qualify as a PRIMARY source?

In what year was Octavian, Caesar's adopted son and chosen heir, granted the holy title of AUGUSTUS?

Which ancient Roman historian wrote the "Lives of the Twelve Caesars"?

The pantheon was remade by _____ in 118 CE, which remains sunstaintially intact today

Rome was at one point a democracy.

Roman emperors favored Virgil's epic for the founding of Rome because it linked them with ancient heros.

The study of Nero is problematic because historians question source reliability.

The Colosseum, also known as the ______, was opened by Titus in 80 CE.

The ____, near the Theater of Marcellus, was built by Augustus in honor of his sister and Marcello's mother.

Republic, from the latin "res publica", is a government in which citizens elect __________ to rule on their behalf.

The original Pantheon, built by Agrippa (principal collaborator with Augustus) was destroyed in a fire in 80 CE

Poets such as Virgil, Horace, and Ovid ______.

Julius Caesar spent an extended term campaigning in the _____ Wars (59-50 BCE)

Claudius was more successful in fathering children than any of his imperial predecessors.

The army of four LEGIONS was only raised for the campaign period (March - October)

What immediately followed the Julio-Claudian dynasty's rule?

Augustus created a police force called vigiles made up of 700 men who helped restore public peace to the empire.

What major historic event took place during Titus' reign?

In a cospiracy plot, Caligula was assassinated by members of his own imperial guard.

How much are we gonna slay this midterm?

Gaius Gracchus attempted to:

Claudius separated the funds for the emperor's private expenses from that of the state.

Emperor ______ (41 - 54 CE) lead Rome effectively and efficiently despite physical setbacks

Claudius insured importers of grain from losses at sea.

The ____ was built to commemorate the Pax Romana brought to Rome by Augustus. (Consecrated 13 BCE, dedicated 9 BCE)

Emperor ______ (54 - 68 CE) ignored Rome's destructive fire in 64 CE and built his domus aurea over the ruins.

Why did Tiberius retreat to his holiday villa on Capri in 26 CE?

By the death of Augustus, the Mediterranean Sea was wholly within the Roman Empire.

The hallmark of the Age of Augustus was ____.

Etruscan Kings: Tarquin the Elder, _______, Tarquin the Proud

Which region of the Italian Peninsula is Rome located?

Which Roman kind introduced the CENSUS system?

Emperor ______ (37 - 41 CE) began as a noble and moderate ruler, but turned to an extravagent spender and insane tyrant

To the ancient Romans, HISTORY was considered:

The FIRST TRIUMVIRATE (59 BCE), who operated to support and benefit off each other's power, was made up of:

Claudius organized a conspiracy to secure his position as emperor.

Which governing clas was the most important within the Empire?

The miliary presence spread the LATIN LANGUAGE and Roman culture throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.

Emperor ______ (14 - 37 CE) laid foundations for Rome's northern frontier, conquering Pannonia and temporarily Germania

During the Golden Age of Roman Literature (Age of Augustus), poets and artists were patronized by _____.

The Roman's overthrew their Etruscan conquerors in _____.

Rome's army during the republic was CIVIC, and it was a right and duty of the _____.

Vespasian served in Thrace, Crete, Cyrene, Germany, Britain, and Africa. He was a military commander in _____.

Who was allowed to vote in the Roman Republic?

The Carthaginian Empire was strongest ______ empire in the 3rd century BCE.

King _______ coupled political and religous power in Rome while King _______ focused on strengthening Rome's miliary

The SECOND TRIUMVIRATE (43 BCE), which emerged after a period of civil war following Caesar's death, was made up of:

When the kings were expelled from Rome, the Senate became the most powerful governming body.

Virgil's legendary Trojan hero ______ landed in Italy and founded the dynasty from which Romulus came in Alba Longa.

Emperor ____ (69 - 79 CE) introduced 10 years of stability and sensible government after the year of four emperors

The Senate convenved and passed laws in the ___, a large building on the grounds of the Roman Forum.

Claudius was an ____ administrator, building many new roads, aqueducts, and canals across the empire.

Emperor ____ (79 - 81 CE) had similar charm and intellect as Nero, and opened the Colosseum in 80 CE

Who was considered a citizen in the Roman Republic?

Vespasian was deified after his death in 79 AD.

The ________ lasted from 509 - 27 BCE

Nero was known as an early persecutor of ______

Key architectural features of the Pantheon include:

Titus took ______ in 70 CE, and on his return he was made Vespasian's associate in government.

Many ancient Roman temples remain intact today because they've bene absorbed into the Christian church.

The Colosseum was a political statement that conveyed ______ to the Roman people.

Plebeians eventually gained the power to elect their own representatives, called ____.

The ____ is the only ancient theatre left in Rome.

Octavian defeated Lepidus in battle, then defeated Antony and Cleopatra's navy in _____

Inside the arch are bas-reliefs, including:

______ was consecrated in 46 BCE and later finished by Augustus, built with the spoils from the Gallic Wars victory.

Over time, TRIBUNES could hold the position of consul.

The curved exterior wall and row of Doric and Ionic arches of Theater of Marcellus served as a model for the Colosseum.

Senators could never become governors or cosuls of important provinces.

The ____ Wars (343 - 290 BCE) helped establish Rome as the supreme power in Italy.

Rome's first Emperor, "Imperator Caesar," ruled for 41 years, laying the groundwork for the peace and stability of Rome.

Each province of Rome was governed by _____ who were observed carefully by the emperor.

Caligula famously made his own racehorse, Incitatus, consul

Tiberius was remembered as a dark, reclusive, and somber ruler who never really wanted to be emperor.

The highest positions in the Roman Republic government were the two _____.

The 16th century Savelli palace is located:

When did Romulus, Rome's first king, formally establish Rome?

Each LEGION consisted of 3000 heavily armed foot soldiers, 1200 lightly arme velites, and 300 ____.

Tacitus' "The Annals and The Histories" span the history of the Roman Empire (death of Augustus to death of Domitian)

Which dynasty includes Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero?

Similary, Augustus split Italy into ___ regions, where local magistrates were appointed to govern.