What is considered to be Justinian’s greatest achievement?

developing a unified set of clear and consistent laws

What role did the qadis play in Muslim society?

They were authorities on Islamic law who served as judges.

What designs adorned the walls of mosques created during the Islamic Golden Age?

geometric shapes and floral images

How was the Hijrah a turning point in Islam?

The Hijrah, Muhammad’s move to Medina, is the start of the Islamic calendar

What did iconoclasts want?

the rejection or destruction of religious images

What caused the rift between Sunni and Shiite Muslims?

They disagreed over who was qualified to serve as caliph.

Why was Constantinople’s geographic location important?

Its location between Asia and Europe permitted trade between east and west.

Who were Cyril and Methodius?

missionaries who spread religion and translated the Bible

According to the Five Pillars of Islam, which of the following should Muslims NOT do?

feast during the day in the month of Ramadan

When early caliphs like Abu Bakr conquered populations, how were those groups taxed?

Non-Muslims paid higher taxes than Muslims, unless they converted to Islam.

How did scholars in Baghdad preserve knowledge from past cultures?

by translating ancient texts into Arabic

What historical event is known as the Hijrah?

Muhammad’s relocation from Mecca to Medina

It is a shrine and place of prayer located in Mecca.

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Byzantine & Caliphates Review

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Questions 21

Answers

1
What is considered to be Justinian’s greatest achievement?
containing the spread of the plague
developing a unified set of clear and consistent laws
ordering construction of the Hippodrome
developing the empire’s infrastructure with new bridges and forts
2
What role did the qadis play in Muslim society?
They were teachers in the mosques.
They were the most politically powerful of the caliphs.
They were authorities on Islamic law who served as judges.
They were military generals.
3
Which branch of mathematics was created by Muslim scholar al-Khwarizmi?
geometry
calculus
algebra
trigonometry
4
What designs adorned the walls of mosques created during the Islamic Golden Age?
geometric shapes and floral images
paintings of the prophet Muhammad
images of mythical animals
images of important caliphs in Islamic history
5
What term refers to the Muslim leader acting as a successor to Muhammad?
umma
hajj
caliph
sheikh
6
In the seventh century, which conquerors wrested Palestine and Egypt from the Byzantine Empire?
Arabs from the Muslim empire
Huns from Central Asia
Germans from the Visigoth kingdom
Normans from France
7
How was the Hijrah a turning point in Islam?
The Hijrah marked the conversion of the Kaaba into an Islamic shrine.
The Hijrah was the first Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca.
The Hijrah was the point when Shiite and Sunni Muslims divided.
The Hijrah, Muhammad’s move to Medina, is the start of the Islamic calendar
8
What did many Christians use to communicatedirectly with holy figures?
hymns
holy water
monks
icons
9
When Justinian was too sick to perform his duties, who ruled the Byzantine Empire?
his wife, Theodora
his uncle, Justin I
his biographer, Procopius
his general, Belisarius
10
What did iconoclasts want?
the rejection or destruction of religious images
the veneration and preservation of religious images
similar rights for high and low classes
increased power and wealth for the Muslims
11
What caused the rift between Sunni and Shiite Muslims?
They disagreed over which texts represented the word of Allah.
They disagreed over which non-Muslim groups should have protected status.
They disagreed over who was qualified to serve as caliph.
They disagreed over the amount of zakat tax that Muslims should pay.
12
Why was Constantinople’s geographic location important?
Its location in a fertile valley allowed agriculture to flourish.
Its location between Asia and Europe permitted trade between east and west.
Its location between mountain ranges allowed for natural boundaries.
Its location on the Tiber River allowed for easier travel.
13
Muhammad established an umma at Medina. What is an umma?
a shrine to Allah
a month of daytime fasting
an Islamic community
a tax used to support the poor
14
What did the most damage to the Byzantine Empire in the 500s?
religious disagreements
overspending on building projects
Germanic invasions
the plague
15
Who were Cyril and Methodius?
historians who documented the Macedonian dynasty
emperors who reconquered territory that had belonged to the Roman Empire
missionaries who spread religion and translated the Bible
mathematicians who expanded on Greco-Roman knowledge
16
According to the Five Pillars of Islam, which of the following should Muslims NOT do?
pray in the direction of Mecca five times a day
give a portion of their income to the poor
feast during the day in the month of Ramadan
travel to Mecca on a pilgrimage
17
When early caliphs like Abu Bakr conquered populations, how were those groups taxed?
All Muslims paid higher taxes than non-Muslims.
All Muslims and non-Muslims paid the same amount of tax.
Non-Muslims paid higher taxes than Muslims, unless they converted to Islam.
Non-Muslims paid no taxes, but their land was taken by the Muslim rulers.
18
How did scholars in Baghdad preserve knowledge from past cultures?
by publishing copies of ancient texts using woodblock printing
by storing ancient texts using archive-quality methods
by translating ancient texts into Arabic
by making ancient texts accessible in lending libraries
19
What did Justinian do to Roman law when creating his Corpus of Civil Law?
He eliminated Roman laws that were no longer relevant.
all of the above
He added new laws to Roman law
He consolidated and edited Roman laws.
20
What historical event is known as the Hijrah?
the angel Gabriel speaking to Muhammad
Muhammad’s relocation from Mecca to Medina
Muhammad’s military conquest of Mecca
the death of Muhammad
21
What is the Kaaba?
It is a shrine and place of prayer located in Mecca.
It is the leadership role in a Bedouin clan.
It is the grassy area of oases, used for grazing.
It is a type of food consumed during specific holidays in Islam.

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