Advantages and disadvantages of observational vs experimental designs. What is not true?

exp: No limit on type of intervention studies

Which is false about epicurve

There are no mixed outbreak patterns

What is false about case definition?

Suspected, probable, and confirmed are part of case definition

What is not true about Public health and clinical approaches?

Interventions aiming at medical care are clinical approaches only

What is not true about p-value?

P value gives information about the direction and magnitude of effect.

What is false about Line Listing?

Number of variables are fixed and well standardized for comparision

What is not true about cross sectional study

Loss to follow up can be problem

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DD10421

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Questions 17

Answers

1
Advantages and disadvantages of observational vs experimental designs. What is not true?
Obs: causal inferences between exposure and outcome of interest difficult
exp: No limit on type of intervention studies
Obs: can investigate both harms and benefits
drop out rate may be high
2
Select the true statement about this epicurve.
Each peak is one incubation period
Can be a seasonal pattern
cases are spread over a greater period of time
majority of cases occur within one incubation period
3
RCT can minimize what type of biases?
Assessment bias
Allocation bias
Performance bias
All are true
4
Which is the Mode?
B
A
C
5
Which is false about epicurve
Outliers can be index cases or secondary transmissions
Decline in cases may be true decrease or a reporting delay
There are no mixed outbreak patterns
Size of epidemic curve can validate outbreak
6
What is false about case definition?
Includes criteria for person, place, time, and clinical features
Probable means meeting clinical criteria but no lab data
Suspected, probable, and confirmed are part of case definition
A laboratory-confirmed case does not need to meet the clinical criteria
7
What is not true about Public health and clinical approaches?
Policy development is a public health approach
Interventions aiming at medical care are clinical approaches only
The specialty, Occupational Health is a public health speciality
Making a diagnosis during a breakout is both public health and clinical.
8
The null hypothesis was developed because it is easier to disprove than to prove a hypothesis.
True
False
9
A spot map can be useful if the size of the population varies between areas
True
False
10
What is not true about p-value?
P value can be set from 1% to 10%
P value gives information about the direction and magnitude of effect.
probability of obtaining the observed effect , given the null H is true
If the P > 0.05 then it may be underpowered
11
This is a negatively skewed curve
True
False
12
What is false about Line Listing?
facilitate the creation of descriptive statistics and the epicurve
each row a case and each columna variable
Number of variables are fixed and well standardized for comparision
describes an outbreak in terms of person, place and time
13
What is not true about cross sectional study
Many outcomes and risk factors can be assessed
Loss to follow up can be problem
Useful for public health planning
Difficult to make causal inference
14
Match the statement to this epicurve
Spread of RSV
Seasonal spread of pertussis
Spread of salmonella from under-cooked chicken
industrial waste contaminant from the soil
15
● It is often best to characterize outbreaks using the mean incubation period
True
False
16
What is not a step in solving health problems?
Inference
Obtain laboratory confirmation
Determine Person, Time, and Place
Determine How and Why
17
Common source must occur within the span of a single incubation period
True
False

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