The separation of powers in the U.S. Constitution means

An executive, legislative, and judicial branch, each with veto powers.

Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation

showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe.

How did Isaac Newton explain the role of God in the universe, according to Deist beliefs?

Imagined God as a clockmaker; created an orderly universe & then left alone

Oliver Cromwell’s defeat of the king’s forces allowed him to

take control of England and eventually establish a military dictatorship.

What is a constitutional monarchy?

system of government in which the monarch acts according to a constitution.

the idea that truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking.

How did the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution affect Europeans regarding religion?

Europeans questioned their faith in religion.

In Jean Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract

an entire society agree to be governed by its general will.

Which of the following is NOT a limitation on the British monarch set forth by the English Bill of Rights?

The monarch could not declare war on other nations.

How did 17th-century absolute monarchs view their position in government?

Since their rule is derived from God, their power is unlimited.

How did Andreas Vesalius improve our understanding of medical science?

He dissected human bodies to understand how they function.

Cesare Beccaria argued in his essay, “On Crimes and Punishments,” that

current punishments were too harsh and did not fit the crime.

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the creation of absolute monarchies?

the formation of republics as a result of the Renaissance & Reformation.

Why did the English restore Charles II to the British throne after the death of Oliver Cromwell?

Thought Puritan rule to be less desirable than the freedom enjoyed w/a king

Which of the following was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

Congress had no power to collect taxes.

James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is

the idea that kings receive their power from God; responsible only to God.

Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant that

the state should not regulate the economy.

Montesquie’s most lasting contribution to political thought was his

analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances.

a system of government in which a ruler holds total power.

Which of the following was an unresolved issue that led to the English Civil War?

whether the monarch's power was restrained by Parliament.

Why did Nicolaus Copernicus wait until late in his life to publish his theory of a heliocentric universe?

He risked punishment by Church officials.

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Age of Reason Unit Test

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Questions 40

Answers

1
__________ wrote on the equal rights of women, and that women only seemed inferior due to their lack of education.
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Shakespeare
Mary Wollstonecraft
2
The separation of powers in the U.S. Constitution means
An executive, legislative, and judicial branch, each with veto powers.
Each branch has power that cannot be vetoed by the other branch.
That one dictator can take complete control of the government.
Citizens can recall the judges of the Supreme Court for any reason.
3
Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation
was denounced by the Anglican Church as the work of the Devil.
showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe.
refuted Galileo Galilei’s theory of universal movement.
was laughed at by Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus.
4
Charles I dissolved Parliament when they refused to grant him money unless he agreed to certain conditions.
True
False
5
How did Isaac Newton explain the role of God in the universe, according to Deist beliefs?
He believed God had little interest in the problems of humanity.
He thought that God periodically punished humans who disobeyed him.
Imagined God as a clockmaker; created an orderly universe & then left alone
Believed God was periodically communicating with saints to reveal purpose.
6
The Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, reasoned that humans live in a geocentric universe where the Sun is at the center.
False
True
7
Oliver Cromwell’s defeat of the king’s forces allowed him to
restore the French monarchy to the throne.
marry the French Queen to take full control of England.
take control of England and eventually establish a military dictatorship.
return England to Catholicism; establish entirely pro-Catholic Parliament.
8
Since the theories of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo challenged church doctrine on the universe, Galileo was punished.
False
True
9
What is a constitutional monarchy?
a system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
a system of government in which all citizens vote and make decisions.
system of government in which the monarch acts according to a constitution.
a system of government in which radical philosophical idea are valued.
10
rationalism is
the belief that the people enter a contract with the government.
the idea that the universe was a giant clock and God was a clockmaker.
belief that government should have a built in system of checks & balances.
the idea that truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking.
11
The ideas of ________ can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Thomas WIlson
Jean Jacques Rousseau
12
Which of the following monarchs was NOT an absolute monarch?
William of Orange
King Louis XIV of France
Charles I of England
Peter the Great of Russia
13
The work of Edward Jenner helped to create the Scientific Method.
False
True
14
How did the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution affect Europeans regarding religion?
Europeans began to understand the similarities between world religions.
Europeans began to explore the mystical aspects of religion.
Europeans questioned their faith in religion.
Europeans became less tolerant of other religions.
15
The concept of habeas corpus protects the right of the ruler to imprison someone who opposes their rule.
False
True
16
In Jean Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract
women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men.
punishments are not exercises in brutality; eliminate capital punishment
an entire society agree to be governed by its general will.
the government should not interfere in economic matters.
17
Which of the following is NOT a limitation on the British monarch set forth by the English Bill of Rights?
The monarch could not create new taxes without Parliament's consent.
The monarch could not declare war on other nations.
The monarch could not suspend laws.
The monarch could not limit free speech in Parliament.
18
How did 17th-century absolute monarchs view their position in government?
Their rule is dependent on the will of parliament, so it is limited.
Since their rule is derived from God, their power is unlimited.
Since their power is given to them by the people, they must be lawful.
Since their power is given to them by the people, they must be sympathetic.
19
How did Andreas Vesalius improve our understanding of medical science?
He experimented with vaccines to cure certain diseases such as smallpox.
Promoted sanitary practices such as cleaning instruments during operations.
He discovered viruses to be the cause of many diseases.
He dissected human bodies to understand how they function.
20
The Constitution set up a federal system in which power was divided between national and state governments.
True
False
21
Cesare Beccaria argued in his essay, “On Crimes and Punishments,” that
current punishments were too harsh and did not fit the crime.
the death penalty was not an example of brutality.
current punishments were too easy and never fit the crime.
the death penalty was just and should be kept in place.
22
Philosophes believed in rationalism, the concept that actions or beliefs should be based on reason.
False
True
23
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the creation of absolute monarchies?
wealth gained from the Age of Exploration
the formation of republics as a result of the Renaissance & Reformation.
the weakened power of the Catholic Church due to the Reformation.
the end of feudalism
24
Which of the following was NOT considered an enlightened despot?
Frederick II of Prussia
Catherine the Great of Russia
Charles I of England
Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II
25
Which event exposed Europeans to advances in science and mathematics, eventually leading to the Scientific Revolution?
the Religious Wars
the Crusades
the Age of Discovery
the Inquisitions
26
Why did the English restore Charles II to the British throne after the death of Oliver Cromwell?
Ireland continued to rebel; military refused to fight unless king restore.
Scotland threatened to invade England if it did not restore the monarchy.
Believed that Parliament had become too powerful; need king to control it.
Thought Puritan rule to be less desirable than the freedom enjoyed w/a king
27
Which of the following was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
Congress had no power to coin money.
The federal courts could not rule on state issues.
Congress had no power to collect taxes.
The president could not declare war.
28
James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is
belief that a king was granted the wisdom of God upon ascending the throne.
the theory that kings alone could know the mind of God
the concept that kings were equal to God; did not have to follow church law
the idea that kings receive their power from God; responsible only to God.
29
Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire, by which he meant that
the state should not regulate the economy.
those who are able to work should help to support those who cannot work.
state should monitor the economy and impose regulations to keep it healthy.
the assets of the rich should be taken.
30
Thomas Hobbes, who believed in the social contract, believed that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government.
False
True
31
This philosophe believed that freedom of religion and speech should be promoted.
Cesare Beccaria
John Locke
Volataire
Baron de Monstesquieu
32
Montesquie’s most lasting contribution to political thought was his
idea that punishments should be brutal to be effective.
identification of the natural laws that governed human society.
theory that the government should interfere with religious matters.
analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances.
33
Enlightened despots supported the ideas of the Enlightenment; willingly gave up some of their power to achieve ideas.
False
True
34
What is absolutism?
an offshoot of Islam; believes that baptism absolves all sin.
the practice by monarchs of undergoing daily absolution to keep states free
a system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
the belief that all citizens within a state must conform to one religion.
35
Which of the following amendments gives Americans the right to Freedom of Speech?
Third amendment
First amendment
Second amendment
Seventh amendment
36
Baron de Montesquieu was responsible for identifying three basic kinds of government.
True
False
37
Glorious Revolution removed James II in favor of the Protestant William and Mary; did not want a Catholic monarch.
True
False
38
Which of the following was an unresolved issue that led to the English Civil War?
whether the monarch's power was restrained by Parliament.
whether the monarch could name his successor without Parliament's consent.
whether the monarch had the power to free England's serfs.
whether the monarch's daughter could inherit the throne of Britain.
39
Why did Nicolaus Copernicus wait until late in his life to publish his theory of a heliocentric universe?
He needed to be sure of his mathematical calculations.
He had little money to hire a printer of his work.
He feared criticism from politicians.
He risked punishment by Church officials.
40
Which of the following causes was NOT championed by Enlightenment thinkers?
censorship of the press
social equality of the classes
separation of church and state
abolition of serfdom

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