What is true regarding recommended protein intake (for average, healthy, person)?

.8g/kg/day, 10-35% of energy intake

Which are paired correctly

Protein - may serve as secondary fuel substrate in absrence of glucose, Carb - main metabolic fuel as glucose, Lipids- hormone regulation, inflammation mediation

Which of the following are considered Indirect Oxidative Treatments to improve mitochondrial function

Resveratrol, Sullforaphane Glucosinolate, Curcumin/Tumeric

Which of the following is true of the aerobic energy system

Highly complex, Unlimited capacity to make ATP

Which of the following is true regarding Nitrogen Balance

Formula is NB= N(intake)- N(output), Nitrogen excretion should be equal to intake in healthy individuals, It is a nutrition care indicator

Which is true of micronutrients?

needed in small daily amounts, Non-energy essential nutrients

Which of the following is part of the definition of "Nutrition"

The act or process of nourishing or being nourished, the sum of processes by which animal or plant takes in and utitilizes food

Which of the following is true regarding the Mini Nutrition Assesment?

specific and sensitive, Most validated in older adults, It is a nutritional screening tool

Which of the following are part of the nutrition care process?

Intervention, Monitoring/Evaluation, Diagnosis, Assessment

Which is paired correctly?

Indirect Calorimetry - measures O2 consumption, Direct Calorimetry - Highly accurate

Which is NOT part of the new Dietary guidelines for Americans

Consume excess of foods in added sugars and saturated fats

Which of the following are advantages of the 24 hour recall method?

negligible risk for patient, little cost, Short administration time

Which of the following are characteristics of Marasmus

Somatic Muscle Wasting, Intellectual defecits

Which of the following would influence Basal Metabolic Rate

Gender, Pregnancy, Envrionmental Temperature, Age

Which of the following are true regarding Respiratory Quotient (RQ) ?

RQ of .7 could indicate alcoholism, RQ of .82 indicated 40% carb and 60% fat, RQ less than .8 suggest patient may be underfed

Which is true regarding skinfold measurements

requires repetition and experience, minimally invasive and requires minimal equipment, individuals 95th percentile are at risk, estimates energy reserves in sub Q tissue.

Which of the following is true regarding fats?

monounsaturated fats can maintain healthy cholesterol, Trans fats should be avoided

Which is true of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIS)

individual requirements may be higher or lower than DRIs, represent most current scientific knowledge on nutrient needs

Which of the following is true regarding recommended intake of mono and polyunsaturated fats?

Omega 3s - 1.6g/day, Omega 6s- 17g/day

Malnutrition can be defined as the presence of two or more of characteristics such as:

loss of muscle mass, Insiufficient energy intake, loss of subcutaneous fat

Which of the following levels are paired correctly (Lecture 4, Slide 44)

High Risk Triglycerides = 200-499 mg/dl, Healthy Triglycerides = <150 mg/dl, High Risk LDL = 160-189 mg/dl, Healthy LDL = <100 mg/dl

Which of the following are paired correctly regarding organ and energy use in the body?

Liver - 21%, Heart- 9%, Kidney - 8%, Brain - 22%

Which of the following is true regarding Total Energy Expenditure

Physical activtiy adds the most variation to calculation, Age has the least variation in calculations

Which of the following is a use of fat in the body

Cell membrane potential, Cell signaling pathways, Shock Absorption

Which of the following are characteristics of Kwashiorkor

Edema, Growth failure, Protuberant belly

Which is true of Reccomended daily allowances (RDA's)

average daily dietary intake to meet 98% of nutrient needs, used to asses and plan diets for individuals and judge excess

Which of the following is true regarding bariatric surgery

The roux-en-y gastric bypass can be restrictive and cause malabsorption, indicated with BMI >40 and failure of comprehensive program

Which is true about alcohol as an energy source

Contains 7kcals/gm, no storage form available in body

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NUTrition Midterm

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Questions 100

Answers

1
BMR makes up the largest percentage of Total Energy Expenditure
False
True
2
What is true regarding recommended protein intake (for average, healthy, person)?
.6/kg/day
.8g/kg/day
10-35% of energy intake
80-85% of energy intake
3
Research shows that exercise alone is generally considered less effective than calorie restriction with exercise.
False
True
4
Which are paired correctly
Protein - may serve as secondary fuel substrate in absrence of glucose
Carb - main metabolic fuel as glucose
Lipids- hormone regulation, inflammation mediation
Lipids- synthesis of antibodoes, enzymes, structural components
5
Reassment occurs during the ____ phase
Screening
Intervention
Assessment
Monitoring and Evaluation
6
Patient presents with depression in temples (bilaterally), what do you suspect as the cause?
Muscle Loss
Fat Loss
Fluid Accumulation
Reduced grip strength
7
Which of the following are considered Indirect Oxidative Treatments to improve mitochondrial function
Selenium
Resveratrol
Sullforaphane Glucosinolate
Curcumin/Tumeric
8
Americans exceed the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines in which categories?
fruit
vegetables
Meat, eggs, nuts
grains
9
Which piece of anthropometric data is used for children but not adults?
Body weight
Waist circumference
BMI
Head circumference
10
When talking about Body Composition, the primary concern is about metabolically active tissue and fluid status
True
False
11
Which of the following is true of the aerobic energy system
Highly complex
No lag time/ instantaneous
Unlimited capacity to make ATP
Very fast maximal rate of ATP
12
Which of the following is true regarding Nitrogen Balance
Formula is NB= N(intake)- N(output)
Nitrogen excretion should be equal to intake in healthy individuals
It is a nutrition care indicator
Nitrogen excretion should be less than intake in healthy individuals
13
Which is true of micronutrients?
needed in small daily amounts
Non-energy essential nutrients
needed in excess daily amounts
Essential nutrients that provide energy
14
Which of the following is part of the definition of "Nutrition"
Adding extra sugar to daily meals
The act or process of nourishing or being nourished
the act of exercising with no attention to diet
the sum of processes by which animal or plant takes in and utitilizes food
15
Which of the following is true regarding the Mini Nutrition Assesment?
specific and sensitive
Most validated in older adults
It is a nutritional screening tool
most validated in children
16
Which of the following is a marker of inflammation?
Transferrin
Retinol-Binding Protein
C-Reactive protein (CRP)
Albumin
17
Which is example of "problem" in the PES statement
serum cholesterol of 230 mg/dl
10 meals per week of hamburgers and fries
Excessive Fat intake
frequent consumption of high-fat fast-food meaals
18
Which of the following are part of the nutrition care process?
Intervention
Monitoring/Evaluation
Diagnosis
Assessment
19
Which is paired correctly?
Direct Calorimetry is the same as Indirect Calorimetry
Indirect Calorimetry - measures O2 consumption
Direct Calorimetry - Inexpensive and practical
Direct Calorimetry - Highly accurate
20
Most people would need to walk 21 miles at brisk pace to expend 2000 calories
False
True
21
A patient presents with slightly dark circles and a somehwhat tired look. What do you suspect as the cause?
Fat loss
fluid accumulation
muscle loss
reduced grip strength
22
Which is NOT part of the new Dietary guidelines for Americans
Customize and enjoy nutrient dense foods to reflect cultural traditions
Consume excess of foods in added sugars and saturated fats
Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every stage of life
Focus on meeting food group needs
23
What is the reccomended daily allowance for protein
.6g protein/kg body weight
1.8g protein/kg body weight
1.2g protein/kg body weight
.8g protein/kg body weight
24
Which of the following are advantages of the 24 hour recall method?
negligible risk for patient
little cost
Short administration time
does not always reflect eating pattern
25
65 y/o patient is critically ill and obese. Which equation would you use to measure resting metabolic rate?
Penn State Equation
Katch-McArdle Equation
Mifflin- St. Jeor Equation
Modified Penn State Equation
26
Empty Calorie foods contribute energy but lack protein, vitamins, and minerals
False
True
27
Which drug requires the supplementation of a fat-soluble vitamin?
Phentermine- topiramate (Qsymia)
Orlistat (Xenecal)
Naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave)
Liraglutide (Saxenda)
28
Which of the following cities is considered a "blue zone"
Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
San Diego, California
NYC, NY
Loma Linda, California
29
Which of the following are characteristics of Marasmus
Serum Albumin abnormal
Somatic Muscle Wasting
Intellectual defecits
Edema
30
You're colleague calls for a consult on a patient that shes suspects has muscle and fat loss. What region would confirm?
Eye lids
Temples
Clavicles
skin folds
31
Which of the following would influence Basal Metabolic Rate
Gender
Pregnancy
Envrionmental Temperature
Age
32
The Mifflin-St.Jeor equation is recommended for obese individuals when calculating Resting Energy Expenditure
False
True
33
Which of the following are true regarding Respiratory Quotient (RQ) ?
RQ for individuals consuming a mixed diet will range from .4 - 1.0
RQ of .7 could indicate alcoholism
RQ of .82 indicated 40% carb and 60% fat
RQ less than .8 suggest patient may be underfed
34
Which is true regarding skinfold measurements
requires repetition and experience
minimally invasive and requires minimal equipment
individuals <5th percentile and >95th percentile are at risk
estimates energy reserves in sub Q tissue.
35
Which of the following is true regarding fats?
monounsaturated fats can maintain healthy cholesterol
You should consume trans, saturated, and unsaturated fats equally
you should consume saturated fats in excess in comparison to unsaturated
Trans fats should be avoided
36
Which equation would you use for a patient with normal BMI that is NOT critically Ill
Modified Penn State Equation
Katch-McArdle Equation
Penn State Equation
Mifflin- St. Jeor Equation
37
Rates of obesity have increased in the US from 1990-2020
True
False
38
Which is true of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIS)
individual requirements may be higher or lower than DRIs
represent most current scientific knowledge on nutrient needs
not reliable
not used by nutritionists
39
Which of the following is true regarding recommended intake of mono and polyunsaturated fats?
Omega 3s - 1.6g/day
Omega 3s- 17g/day
Omega 6s- 17g/day
Omega 6s- 1.6g/day
40
Malnutrition can be defined as the presence of two or more of characteristics such as:
loss of muscle mass
Insiufficient energy intake
loss of subcutaneous fat
weight gain
41
Which of the following levels are paired correctly (Lecture 4, Slide 44)
High Risk Triglycerides = 200-499 mg/dl
Healthy Triglycerides = <150 mg/dl
High Risk LDL = 160-189 mg/dl
Healthy LDL = <100 mg/dl
42
Tobacco use is not associated with cardiovascular disease
False
True
43
Which of the following are paired correctly regarding organ and energy use in the body?
Liver - 21%
Heart- 9%
Kidney - 8%
Brain - 22%
44
Which of the following is true regarding Total Energy Expenditure
Physical activtiy adds the most variation to calculation
Age has the least variation in calculations
Physical activtiy adds the least variation to calculation
Age has the most variation in calculations
45
Which of the following is a use of fat in the body
Cell membrane potential
Cell signaling pathways
Building of protein
Shock Absorption
46
In the Nutrition Focused Physical Exam - Malnutrition can be defined by
increased subcutaneous fat
Increased grip strength
Muscle mass loss
Weight gain
47
Which of the following are characteristics of Kwashiorkor
Edema
Growth failure
Increased protein intake
Protuberant belly
48
Which is true of Reccomended daily allowances (RDA's)
average daily dietary intake to meet 98% of nutrient needs
average daily dietary intake to meet 50% of nutrient needs
average daily dietary intake to meet 75% of nutrient needs
used to asses and plan diets for individuals and judge excess
49
Which of the following is true regarding bariatric surgery
The gastric band procedure is restrictive and non-adjustable
The roux-en-y gastric bypass can be restrictive and cause malabsorption
In a sleeve gastrectomy- a saline band is placed around the stomach
indicated with BMI >40 and failure of comprehensive program
50
Which is true about alcohol as an energy source
Contains 7kcals/gm
no storage form available in body
contains 0 kcals/gm
is NOT cleared immediatly
51
You want to mediate Inflammation and regulate Hormones, which macronutrient would you adjust?
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrate
Legumes
52
Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis is appropriate for patients who have experienced major shifts in water balance
False
True
53
In comparison to other risk factors, high body mass index is largely associated with ____
Cirrhosis
neonatal disorders
Diabetes
Maternal disorders
54
Most Americans exceed dietary goals in which category
Refined Grains
Beans, Peas, and Lentils
Total Vegetables
Fruit
55
Which of the following is true of the Phosphagen system
Very fast maximal rate of ATP
unlimited capacity to make ATP
Highly complex
Low complexity
56
A molecule made of C, H, O, and Nitrogen is likely a ____
Protein
Lipid
Vegetable
Carb
57
Which of the following are key components to take a nutritional assesment
Nutrion-Focused physical exam
Anthropometrics
Biochemical Data
Patient History
58
Which of the following are benefits of insoluble fibers
Lower risk of appendicitis
Lower risk of hemorrhoids
lower risk of diabetes
alleviate constipation
59
Which is true regarding the reccomended intake of carbs (Lecture 4, slide 16)
RDA = 430 grams/day
RDA = 130 grams/day
DRI = 75%-95% of daily total calories
DRI = 45%-65% of daily total calories
60
Which of the following are disadvantages of keeping a food diary (Lecture 2, Slide 20)
heavier burden
cost effective
validity issues may arise if patient alters intake
more representative of eating patterns
61
_____ occurs when screening has identified a patient at risk
Assessment
Intervention
Monitoring
Evaluation
62
The most important factor in successful weightloss is the intensity of behavior modification (Lecture 5, Slide 33)
True
False
63
Which vitamins are water soluble?
A
K
B
C
64
The National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) asseses the nutritional status of adults and children
False
True
65
What is a conditionally essential amino acid?
amino acids that add no benefit to metabolic activities
amino acids that are made exclusively in the body
usually dispenable but must be obtained through dietary intake
any polar amino acid
66
Which of the following are part of Nutrition Intervention
Food/Nutrient Delivery
Nutrition Education
Nutrition Counseling
Coordination of Nutrition Care by professional
67
Which is true regarding protein intake in progessive renal disease?
Protein intake should decrease to .6g/kg/day
protein intake should increase to 1.0g/kg/day
Hypertension should be monitored and controlled.
Proein intake should stay the same
68
Which is true o f the Subjective Global Assessment
comprehensive with medical and functional Hx
limited use
It is a nutritional screening tool
used in many health care settings
69
Nutrition _______ is a process that identifies those who would benefit from a full nutrition assesment
Evaluation
Assesment
Screening
Intervention
70
Which is paired correctly
Carb - 4kcals/gm
lipids- 9kcals/gm
carbs - 9 kcals/gm
proteins - 4kcals/gm
71
Which of the following are paired correctly
HDL - good cholesterol
LDL - bad cholesterol
LDL - good cholesterol
HDL - bad cholesterol
72
Your patient is looking for easy ways to cut out saturated fats, what would you reccomend?
Switch from tropical cooking oils to vegetable oil
Cook with coconut and butter as they are high in unsaturated fats
Use oils such as olive, canola, and peanut
order from McDonalds because their food has no fat
73
A bulge in the interosseous muscle indicates malnutrition
False
True
74
Which of the following are considered Direct Oxidative Treatments to improve mitochondrial function
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Resveratrol
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Anti-oxidants
75
Which is paired correctly
Carb - main metabolic fuel as glucose
Protein - yields 9 kcals/gram
Protein - may serve as secondary fuel subtrate in absence of glucose
Carb - yields 4 kcals/gm
76
There is no evidence supporting the claim that the Mediterranean Diet can reduce cardiovascular events
False
True
77
Protein deficiency results in _____ risk of infection as well as _____ immune and inflammatory responses
decreased/unchanged
increased/ unchanged
decreased/altered
increased/ altered
78
1 in ____ adults recieve enough fruits and vegetables
3
10
5
20
79
Color is a good determinant for foods rich in antioxidants and phytonutrients
False
True
80
Data shows that dietary risks are largely associated with ___ (Lecture 1, slide 21)
Neurological disorders
Cardiovascular Diseases
HIV/AIDS
Unintentional injuries
81
Which of the following is true regarding the study of omega - 3 fatty acids on Alzheimer's Dementia? (Lecture 1, slide44
omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may be benefecial at disease onset
Reccomendation is 1000-1500mg/day
showed no effect in the treatment of alzheimers
Study corroborated epidemiological observational studies
82
Which of the following is true regarding measuring energy expenditure
Direct- measure oxygen consumption vs CO2 production
Indirect- measure oxygen consumption vs CO2 production
Direct - measure amount of heat w/in a small chamber
Indirect - measure amount of heat w/in a small chamber
83
Which are part of the assement step in the NCP
Food/Nutrition- related history
Biochemcal data
Anthropometric measurements
Client History
84
Which of the following are nutritional risk factors
85% usual body weight
Elderly + Children
daily exercise
Unintended weight loss (>10% in 6 months )
85
Which of the following is true regarding recommended Lipid Intake
40-45% of daily energy intake
Less than 10% from saturated fat
Less than 30% of saturated fat
20-35% daily energy intake
86
Which of the following are associated factors of nutritional health
Psychosocial factors
Domains of social inequality
Cultural influences
Enviornmental influences
87
Which is true regarding the study of B Vitamin and Homocysteine (Lecture 1, Slide 45)
Shows that the public health model has merit as health intervention
There were major side effects of Vitamin - B supplementation
Vitamin B supplementation side effects were negligble.
The B-complex nutrients kept homocysteine levels low
88
Which of the following is true regarding lifestyle changes and weight loss?
Lifestyle change Indicated in patient with BMI >25
A defecit of 500 calories for 7 days will result in losing 3lbs/week
Initial goal for weight loss is 10% of baseline at 1-2 lbs/ week
Reasonable timeline = 6 months
89
Obese individuals have larger mitochondria to accomodate for extra body mass
True
False
90
Indirect Calorimetry is the most accurate measure of Resting Energy Expenditure in clinical setting
True
False
91
Which age group has the lowest score in adhering to the US Dietary guidelines
31-59
14-18
60+
2-4
92
Which of the following is true regarding Health Disparities in America?
36% of the population belong to a racial or ethnic minority group
Disparities exist in all age groups, including older adults
Disparities exist in socially disadvantaged racial + ethnic groups
some minorities experience a disproportionate burden of preventable disease
93
Which of the following are paired correctly
Linoleic acid - omega 6
Linolenic acid - omega 6
Linolenic acid - omega 3
Linoleic acid - omega 3
94
Carbs, Fats, and Proteins are associated with the Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain (Lecture 5, Slide 8)
False
True
95
The report on US health from 1990-2016 revealed what?
Health in the United States improved from 1990-2016
Obesity is no longer an issue in America
Rates of obesity have decreased
Drivers of mortality and morbidity have changed in some states
96
The Department of Health and Human Services and USDA collaborate every 5 years to make new guidelines
False
True
97
Which of the following are benefits of soluble fibers
Lower risk of heart disease
Lower risk of diabetes
Alleviate constipation
Lower Risk of colon cancer
98
Nutrition Prescription is based on the etiology of the case
False
True
99
Which is true regarding the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
collects data about health-related risk behaviors and chronic conditions
Is used internationally
system of health -related telephone surveys
is not used by CDC
100
Consuming a variety of berries is more beneficial than consuming an excess of berries
False
True

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