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Duplicate of APES EXAM REVIEW 2016 Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of APES EXAM REVIEW 2016
Duplicate of APES EXAM REVIEW 2016
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1
Which of the worlds energy supplies are in order from longest lasting to running out sooner
Solar, Conventional Oil, Natural Gas
Coal, Solar, Conventional Oil
Solar, Natural Gas, Conventional Oil
Biomass, Conventional Oil, Natural Gas
2
i eat candy-gain weight-the more I gain-the more candy I eat so I gain even more weight
closed system
negative feedback
open system
positive feedback loop
3
The uranium oxide pellets used in typical nuclear reactors are primarily composed of
uranium 238
uranium 235
uranium 255
uranium 258
4
James Hutton realized that most geological changes occur as a result of
Sedimentation,heat,pressure,and other gradual processes
Plants,animals,and microorganism
Meteorites,comets,and asteroids falling from space
Volcanoes,earthquakes,and other catastrophic events
5
What single issue underlies all environmental issues
human population growth
air pollution
water supply
biological diversity
6
A genetically diverse population is more likely to include the individuals that..
Are distributed over a large range
Vary greatly by appearance and behavior
Produce a large number of offspring
Each carry a large number of genes
7
What type of environment is frost wedging prevalent?
cooler, wet climates
equatorial climates
warm, wet climates
cold, dry climates
8
If a city experiences earthquake damage of intensity XI, its Richter scale equivalent would be
3.0 to 4.9
5.0 to 6.9
1.0 to 2.9
7.0 or greater
9
Which is the correct sequence of the earth's atmospheric layers from earth's surface to space?
Stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
Thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere
Troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere
10
calcium carbohydrate shells dissolve as it collects at a shallower depth the dividing line is
a lithosphere
a thermocline
a lysocline
the estuarine zone
11
The Coriolis effect is the result of
Earth's rotation on its axis
The differential heating of earth's surface
The gravitational pull of the moon
The revolution of earth around the sun
12
Water is stored and an average of 8 to 10 days in which of the following reservoirs?
atmosphere
rivers and streams
soil moisture
oceans
13
When a populations growth adjusts to approximate the environments carrying capacity it is:
Logistic growth
A population crash
A species biotic potencial
Exponential growth
14
Farmers use
terracing
to prevent soil erosion. Which best describes this practice:
<p>Leaving old stalks and other plant materials on field</p>
Planting alfalfa or clover on fields.
Plowing fields perpendicular to slope of hills.
converting large steep fields into smaller fields.
15
Which of the following lists of terms is organized from most specific to most inclusive?
Individual, Species,Population
Species, Ecosystem, Population
Population, Community, Ecosystem
Community, Population, Ecosystems
16
Air pressure is measured using a
anemometer
thermometer
hydrometer
barometer
17
. Why do famines happen even if we have lots of food for the world?
B. logging destroys agricultural land
A and C
C. worldwide transportation of food is inadequate
A.food production is insufficient in some local areas
18
which one is a "Secondary source" that must be produced using another nonrenewable energy
Solar
Biomass
Wind
Hydrogen
19
The portion of earth's biosphere that is closest to the core is
Asthenosphere
Crust
Mantle
Hydrosphere
20
<p>When groundwater is removed, the soil sinks in a process known as.. </p>
subsidence
saturation
stabilization
sustainability
21
In the earth's interior, hot, molten rock rises, and cooler rock sinks in a process known as
Subduction
Convergence
The law of superposition
Convection
22
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide from global warming have which of the following effects?
Insects eating fewer plants
Decreased nitrogen in plants
Increase in available farmland
Increase in bird populations
23
energy sources ordered from greatest to smallest percentage of total energy usage in the u.s ?
Nuclear fuels, fossil fuels, geothermal energy
Fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, geothermal energy
Geothermal energy, nuclear fuels, fossil fuels
Fossil fuels, wind, nuclear fuels
24
The topsoil is composed of:
O Horizon</p>
A Horizon
O and A Horizon,
B Horizon
25
The growth of a crop can be prevented by a shortage of a chemical element known as:
a fumigant
a macronutrient
a micronutrient
a limiting factor
26
An agricultural field that is not harvested for at least a season is
Fallow
Tilled
Terraced
Subsidized
27
When a population exceeds the environments carrying capacity:
Its age structure becomes heavily weighted in favor of older
It enters the exponential growth phase
It can suffer a sudden population crash
It overcomes environmental resistance
28
The greatest amount of organic matter in the soil is found in
the bedrock
c horizon
b horizon
a horizon
29
In 1998 scientists signed a statement explaining problems to the public. It was called?
none of the above
marine conservation statement
Marine conservation act
troubled waters statement
30
On average, an ENSO event occurs every
2 to 7 years
1 to 2 years
15 to 25 years
7 to 10 years
31
Calculatethe doubling time of Pottsville. The annual populationgrowth in this town is 10 %.
8 yrs
15 yrs
10 yrs
7 yrs
32
A neutron strikes a uranium atom nucleus which splits releasing a great deal of energy, this is
meltdown
fission
fusion
enrichment
33
A temperate rain forest, such as the one on the west coast of North America, primarily has
conifer trees, dry climate, cool temperatures
flat-leaf trees, wet climate, warm temperatures
conifer trees,wet climate, cool temperatures
flat-leaf trees, wet climate, cool teperatures
34
In addition to cooling a nuclear reactors core, a fluid known as coolant serves the purpose of
transferring heat out of the core for electricity generation
keeping radioactive gases from escaping into the environment
absorbing neutrons to control the rate of fission
keeping fuel from chemically reacting with the cooling rods
35
Which of the following are renewable energy sources ?
Hydropower
All of the above
Biomass
Solar power
36
Most of the worlds oil is located beneath countries in
The Middle East
The Far East
Europe
South America
37
Which of the following clues can tell seismologists where an earthquake is likely to occur?
historical earthquake records
a volcanic eruption from a hotspot of a techonic plate
tornadoes and other unusual weather patterns
changes in nearby magnetic fields
38
Which continent has the greatest percentage area of agriculture?
Africa
Asia
North America
Europe
39
A system with a greater input than output wouldexperience._____ in storage
increase
decrease
no change
increase first, than decrease
40
The one major pollutant released by natural gas is
Hydrogen Sulfide
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
Sulfur Dioxide
41
sugars and carbohydrates are products of
subduction
respiration
metabolism
photosynthesis
42
The three general survivorship curves are:
Constant loss, Erratic loss,Late loss
Erratic loss,Early loss,Logarithmic loss
Erratic loss,Early loss,Late loss
Constant loss, Early loss, Late loss
43
looking at the rainforest as ecotourism. What justification does this represent??
Utilitarian
Aesthetic
Moral
ecological
44
What's the difference between an El Nino event and a La Nina event?
La Nina increases temps., and El Nino decreases temps.
La Nina's in the Atlantic Ocean, El Nino's in the Pacific
El Nino is a milder version of La Nina
La Nina has cool Ocean temps, El Nino has warmer ocean temps
45
How does the amount of water warm air can hold compare to colder water air?
Warm air can hold less water than cold air
warm air is not able to hold water, and cold air is
Warm air and cold air can hold the same amount of water
Warm ar can hold more water than cold air
46
Themovement of a nation from a high population growth to a low population growth is
demographic transition
sustainability
logistic growth curve
carrying capacity
47
Most Atlantic Hurricanes form off the coast of
africa
the southern united states
South america
the philippines
48
Herbicides account for what percentage of pesticides in U.S. Waters?
20%
80%
10%
60%
49
Why is the nitrogen cycle so important?: Nitrogen is ____
N is needed during respiration
isan essential part of proteins and nuceic acids(DNA)
it is an important part of photosynthesis
. N is a greenhouse gas
50
Decreaseddeath rate and the accelerated rate of human population growth are related to
increasedfood supply
theimprovement of sanitation
bettermedical practices
A, B and C
51
Which crops have the benefit of conserving soil, retaining nutrients and saving energy?
subsistence crops
monoculture crops
annual crops
perennial crops
52
Unconventional natural gas sources include
Anthracite
Methane Hydrate
Oil Shale
Tar Sand
53
Most divergent plate boundaries are difficult for scientists to study because most are located
deep in the Earth's mantle
in Antarctica
on the ocean floor
in highly active earthquake zones
54
Bt, or Bacillus thuringiensis, belongs to which category of pesticide?
microbial/ biological agents
organophosphates
inorganic
natural organic
55
Which of the following is often a disadvantage of damming rivers to generate electricity?
low-efficiency conversation of water kinetic energy
high carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generating eq
water behind a dam not suitable for agricultural purposes
negative impact from flooding and decreased fertilizer
56
The two final products of nitrification are
nitrate ions and nitrite ions
DNA and protiens
ammonia and nitrogen gas
nitrous oxide and nitric oxide
57
According to the law of conservation of energy,
energy can't be created or destroyed converts different form
work performed on an object result in a change in its energy
potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy
power is a measure of the conversion of energy
58
all of the following are major carbon storage reservoirs EXCEPT
earth's core
the air
sedimentary rocks
fossil fuels
59
Compared with the "calorie" unit , how large is the "calorie" that use for types of energy
1/10 as large
the same size
10 times larger
1/1000 times as large
60
What is the benefit of contour plowing?
an increase in soil fertility
a slowdown in runoff
water forms deep pools
a decrease in windblown soil
61
The major determinants of forest type are
temperature and rainfall
elevation and proximity to water
tree species and animal species
tree species and elevation
62
A rock composed of pebble-sized sediment with edges not well rounded is called
shale
sandstone
breccia
siltstone
63
Approximately what percentage of crops are destroyed by pests, spoilage, and disease?
30%
50%
20%
10%
64
density of the first farmers was muchhigher than density of hunters and gatherers because
population has grown cause of J-curve
more food was available
Farmers did not eat meat which is high in fat
Farmers lived more dangerous lives
65
subduction zones tend to produce deep undersea trenches as a result of
1 plate being pulled apart at the center
2 plates moving away from each other
1 plate being forced to bend under another
2 plates sliding past each other
66
Of earth's three major layers, which one contains the greatest amount of molten rock?
Mantle
Core
Lithosphere
Crust
67
Which of the following lists calcium reservoirs biggest to smallest?
oceans, soil, atmosphere
atmosphere, oceans, soil
oceans, atmosphere, soil
soil, atmosphere, oceans
68
Land masses hold what percentage of the earth's crust?
0.001%
3%
66%
97%
69
TheGaia hypothesis proposes that:
eating meat or animal by-products is immoral
changes in environment will improve theenvironment for life
the environment has been changed since life appeared
A and C
70
Of oil drilled offshore In U.S. Waters, about 90% is recovered from under
The Great Lakes
The Gulf of Mexico
Chesapeake Bay
The gulf of Alaska
71
The two main elements that compose fossil fuels are
Sulfur and carbon
Oxygen and carbon
Carbon and hydrogen
Oxygen and hydrogen
72
The global impact of an ENSO includes all of the following EXCEPT
an increase in the number of Atlantic hurricanes
flooding in the eastern Pacific
a decrease in the number of Atlantic hurricanes
drought in the western Pacific
73
What percentage of the earth's original rain forests have been cleared?
50%
10%
90%
25%
74
All of the following are steps in the process of DIAGENESIS,...... EXCEPT
Recrystallization
Melting
Chemical changes
Compaction
75
What kind of power plant produces water flowing through a control rate generating electricity
Kinetic Power
Hydroelectric Power
Geothermal Power
Dam Power
76
what 3 processes are needed to convert igneous/metamorphic rock into sedimentary?
cooling, pressure, weathering
heating, pressure, stress
erosion, heating, transportation
weathering, erosion, deposition
77
According to Nicolaus Steno, if rock layer 1 sits above rock layer 2, rock layer 1 is
younger
older
impossible to estimate
the same age
78
Rainwater mixes with which of the following to form carbonic acid?
methane
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
hydrochloric acid
79
Genetic diversity, species diversity, ecological diversity, and functional diversity are best
Biological diversity
Cultural diversity
Trophic levels
Abiotic resources
80
“environmental unity” means
populations make ecosystems in an area make a biome
everychange in ecosystem changes everything else
all populations live in homeostasis with each other
what happened in past will happen again
81
Which of the following ecological levels of organization are arranged from largest to smallest?
Ecosystem, Population, Community
Community, Population, Ecosystem
Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community
Biosphere, Population, Ecosystem
82
The s-shaped curve which a population grows rapidlybut eventually reaches a constant pop.
sustainability
carrying capacity
logistical growth
exponential growth
83
placing the health of the entire ecosystem above all other things are______ justification
moral
utilitarian
aesthetic
ecological
84
In the context of biochemical cycles, “flux” refers to
transfer of material between reservoirs
loss of matter or energy from the Earth system
loss of matter or energy from the Earth system
the development of a biotic community
85
A transform fault, two tectonic plates move
Alongside each other and in opposite directions
Directly toward one another
Alongside one another and in the same direction
Simultaneously down into the earth's interior
86
All of the following are typically derived from fossil fuels Except
Plastics
Geothermal power
Automobile fuel
Organic chemicals
87
Igneous rocks are grouped according to
Composition
Color
Shape
Grain size
88
Vernal pools are
temporary pools of water
mangrove swamps that are endangerred
forest bottomland that is flooded
storm surges that are stagnant
89
Which of the following forces helps keep rock in the earth's interior hot and molten?
Solar radiation
Global warming
Radioactivity
Friction between tectonic plates
90
The oxidation of a rock may produce...
Fe2O3
H2CO3
H2O
CO2
91
Most of the carbon in the earth's crust is stored in
fossil fuels
plants
atmosphere
ocean sediments and sedimentary rocks
92
on the richter scale, earthquake of magnitude 5.0 is how many times more powerful than 3.0
125
2
20
100
93
magma fills the gap between tectonic plates, forming new crust at
convergent faults
divergent faults
subsidence zones
subduction zones
94
Which did not cause the rapid population increase since the Industrial Revolution.
increase agriculture output
ilow infant mortaliry rates
declining birth rates
invention of vaccines
95
Resources such as groundwater that are being consumed faster can be resupplied as
<p>nonrenewable </p>
highly salinized
in the zone of saturation
infiltrated
96
Which characteristic is typical of a K-selected species?
Specialist niche
Generalist niche
Small size in adulthood
Early reproductive age
97
Topsoil, the layer that supports crops, is also known as the
Zone of accumulation
A horizon
Little layer
C horizon
98
unless these 2 natural phenomena are in balance global atmospheric co2 accumulates rapidly
respiration and photosynthesis
sedimentation and subduction
99
The types of crops that are used directly by a farmer or sold locally are...
subsistence crops
ruminant crops
monoculture crops
cash crops
100
to construct their shells, phytoplankton get carbon dioxide directly from
the air
volcanic vents
the ocean floor
the surrounding water
101
Igneous rock granite is subjected to intense heat and pressure but doesn't melt, it becomes..
sandstone
magma
gneiss
basalt
102
The purpose of the Wilderness Act of 1964 was
change to different methods of timber harvesting in forests
to protect tropical rain forests in Guam
set aside land owned by the Bureau of Land Management
to set aside primitive forest land for protection
103
Heating methods involve the most efficient conversion from its naturally occurring form to heat
Sunlight collected by a solar panel to run an elctric heater
Heating oil in a houses furnace
Whale oil burned in an old-fashioned lantern
Sunlight through the window absorbed by the walls of a room
104
Agriculture that alternates two or more crops to reduce wind and water erosion is known as...
soil compaction
terracing
contour farming
strip cropping
105
A tropical storm is renamed a hurricane when wind speeds exceed
73 knots, or 135 km/hr
57 knots, or 106 km/hr
25 knots, or 46 km/hr
64 knots, or 119 km/hr
106
Which of the following human activities adds sulfur dioxide to the environment?
C.releasing fertilizer into rivers
B. smelting ores to obtain metals
A. burning fossil fuels
A & B
107
An influent stream is? (the other type is called effluent)
entirely above the water table
both A and B
maintained by groundwater seeping in
a result of precipitation
108
volcanoes tend to occur nearest to
boundaries of tectonic plates
freshwater coastlines
ancient meteor impact sites
centers of tectonic plates
109
Nicolaus Steno's law of horizontality says that sediments get thinner at
subduction zones
the edge of a body of water
the center of a tectonic plate
the center of a body of water
110
Trees are adapted to their own particular environmental conditions, also known as a(n)
Niche
Plantation
Landscape
Old-growth forest
111
As energy travels up an energy pyramid, available energy _______ each trophic level
increases by 90%
remains the same
decreases by 10%
decreases by 90%
112
The following factors contribute to an increase in a populations size:
Births and immigration
Births
Immigration and emmigration
Immigration
113
Soil erosion has increased due to all of the following activities EXCEPT:
logging
Contour planting
farming
development
114
Which of the following examples orders geological time units from shortest to longest
Epoch,eon,period,era
Eon,era,epoch,period
Epoch,period,era,eon
Period,era,eon,epoch
115
Which of the following is characteristic of an El Nino year?
Cold water upwells along the South American coast
Warm water flows eastward, reaching South America.
Warm water in the Pacific is pushed westward
Cold water in the Pacific is pushed westward
116
Which of the following is best described as storage of potential energy?
a melting ice cube
a rushing river
falling rain
a lake held in by a dam
117
without these organism, the geological carbon cycle could not take place:
terrestrial photosynthesis organism
shell forming marine organisms
secondary consumers and top predators
decomposing organisms and detritus eaters