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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
2
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
3
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
4
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
5
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
rTMS
MRI
EEG
6
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
planning for the future
maintaining balance
7
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
8
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
9
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
10
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
11
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
12
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
outliers
modes
13
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
14
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
15
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
EQ test
aptitude test
IQ test
16
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
17
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
18
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
19
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
20
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
puberty
mid 30s
early 20s
21
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
22
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
23
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
24
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
25
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
family
environment
culture
26
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
27
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
28
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
29
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
30
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
balance
hearing
31
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
32
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
blind spot
fovea
iris
33
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
Babinski
stepping
rooting
34
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
hearing
sight
touch
35
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
36
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
behavioral
dispositional
social
37
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
38
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
39
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
40
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
41
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
42
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
43
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
convergence
linear perspective
44
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
45
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
46
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
47
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random sampling
48
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
49
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
50
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
51
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
52
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
biological
53
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
54
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
55
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
cones
rods
optic nerve
56
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
57
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
58
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
pons
59
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
60
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
61
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
fixed variable
62
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
63
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
64
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
65
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
66
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
67
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
68
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
69
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
70
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
71
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
framing effects
72
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
beta waves
alpha waves
delta waves
73
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
74
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
75
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
76
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
77
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
78
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
79
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
mirror neurons
sublimation
latent learning
80
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
81
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
82
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
83
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
84
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
85
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
86
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
87
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
88
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
William James
B.F. Skinner
89
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
90
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
91
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
92
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
neuroticism
openness
93
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
94
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
95
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
96
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
97
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
98
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
99
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
100
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
101
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
counterbalancing
double blind study
102
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
write with a pencil
103
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
archetypes
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
104
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
105
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
primary
continuous
secondary
106
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
107
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
108
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
109
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
110
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
111
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
grapheme
112
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
personality
schizophrenic
anixety
113
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
attachment
parenting style
assimilation
114
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
115
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
116
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
humanist
trait
social-cognitive
117
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
auditory canal
118
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
119
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
superordinate goals
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
120
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
121
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
122
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
123
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
124
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism
125
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
126
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
compliance strategies
individualism
self-serving bias
127
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
situational
internal
128
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
129
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
130
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
131
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
a mental set
132
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
95
68
84
133
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
134
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
predictive validity
content validity
135
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
gestalt therapy
136
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
137
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
hypothalamus
medulla
amygdala
138
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
139
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
140
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
141
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
anal stage
phallic stage
latency period
142
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
143
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
mean
standard deviation
range
144
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
145
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
brain injury
relearning effect
leading questions
146
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
median
standard deviation
range
147
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
construct validity
aptitude measures
standardization
148
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
149
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
add : decrease
150
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
token economies
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
151
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
152
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
feature detectors
optic nerve
optic chiasm
153
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
154
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
cognitive
155
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
156
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
157
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
attachment
158
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
159
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
160
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
161
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
standardized
projective
162
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
163
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex