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METC RAD 104 Radiation Protection XRAY 2022 Flashcards | StudBud
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METC RAD 104 Radiation Protection XRAY 2022
METC RAD 104 Radiation Protection XRAY 2022
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1
The lens of eye dose for general public exposure is
50,000
15,000
5,000 mrem
1,500 mrem
2
when was the coolidge tube introduced?
1944
1907
1913
1995
3
The purpose of limiting the size of the beam and area of exposure is
reducing the effects of scatter
decrease the focal spot
increase the effects of scatter
reducing the image contrast
4
What is the purpose of patient shielding?
reduce radiation exposure to the brain
reduce radiation exposure to the reproductive organs
reduce radiation exposure to the digestive organs
reduce radiation exposure to the entire human body
5
portable survey for low fields, used for less than 100 mR/hr
ionization chamber
scintillation detector
gas filled detector
Geiger muller counter
6
In occupancy of the radiation room what is of principal importance
use of area being protected
type of patients being protected
source of radiation and barrier
percentage of time xray beam is on
7
traditional unit of measure applying only to photons interactions with the air
Rem
curie
Roentgen
rad
8
Radiographic examinations should be performed only during which part of the onset of the menstrual period
First 10 days
first 5 days
Last 10 Days
First 15 days
9
The primary barrier must be ____ lead equivalent and ___ feet high
1/16 inch, 7 ft
1/32 cm, 7 ft
1/16th cm, 4 ft
1/32 inch, 6 ft
10
which of the following is not one of the ten commandments
use gonadal shielding for childbearing age patients regardless of exam
always collimate to smallest field size
limit exam to 10 days following onset of menstrual cycle
always wear protective apparel
11
when was the first casualty of manmade radiation?
1988
1907
1913
1904
12
design limit for an uncontrolled area is equivalent to
4 mrem/week
10 mrem/week
2 mrem/month
2 mrem/week
13
Developed to modify the absorped dose to reflect the level of biological damage caused by a particular radiation
exposure
absorbed dose
Dose equivalent
radioactivity
14
percentage of time during which the xray beam is on and directed toward a particular wall
control
use factor
kVp
workload
15
a wall to which the useful beam can be directed is designated as a
filtration
primary barrier
imagine receptor
secondary barrier
16
What is the occupational dose limit for equivalent annual DL in the lens of eye
20,000 mrem
1,500 mrem
15,000 mrem
50,000 mrem
17
most commonly used beam limiting device in radiography as well as the most efficient
Variable aperture collimator
cones and cylinders
inherent filtration
aperture diaphragm
18
maximum exposure rate allowed is based on the
recommended dose limit for patients
recommended dose limit for the public
recommended dose limit for the radiology technician
recommended dose limit for the radiologist
19
electrons in the crystalline lattice structure become excited and rearranged when radiation interacts with it
gas filled detector
Thermoluminescent detector
Ionization chamber
Scintillation detector
20
radiopaque material contoured to enclose the testicles
shadow shield
shaped contact shield
flat contact
testicle shield
21
employed widely as a device to measure radiation intensity
TLD
scintillation detector
gas filled detector
radiographic film
22
When was Xray discovered
November 14, 1895
November 8, 1895
October 8, 1895
November 8, 1913
23
When should gonadal shielding be used
only when gonads lie in the well collimation field
when the gonads lie within 10 cm of a well collimated field
any radiographic image
when the gonads lie in or within 5 cm of a well collimated field
24
Traditional Unit of dose equivalent is the
roentgen
rad
curie
rem
25
which of the following includes all the ways to limit motion
fast film, immobilize, short exposure, patient uses common sense
appropriate patient instructions, immobilize, short exposure
appropriate patient instructions, fast film, immobilize, short exposure
appropriate patient instructions, fast film, short exposure
26
oversees radiation safety of medical imaging systems, establishes performance standards, recommends good practices
State agencies
US department of veteran affairs
ICRP
FDA
27
the traditional unit for absorbed dose is the
Roentgen
rem
curie
rad
28
what is an example of a secondary barrier
the concrete floor in an xray room
control booth
wood paneling
lead bonded sheet rock
29
which of the following includes all methods to avoid repeat radiographs
proper technique, positioning, letter marker, dosimeter
proper technique, letter marker, patient identification
proper technique, positioning, letter marker, patient identification
proper technique, positioning, patient identification
30
What percent should the repeat rate be to optimize protection during mobile xrays
4-10%
10-15%
2-5%
5-7%
31
SI unit for exposure
coulombs/kilogram
becquerel
sievert
roentgen
32
1 rem=
.1 Sv
.001 Sv
.01 Sv
100 Sv
33
A measure of a nuclides transformation rate (disintegrations per second)
Dose Equivalent
Radioactivity
Absorbed dose
Exposure
34
Once pregnancy is declared in a pregnant radiographer the DL becomes
2 mSv or 200 mrem per month
1 mSv or 100 mrem per month
4 mSv or 400 mrem per month
.5 mSv or 50 mrem per month
35
most lead aprons are: ____ lead equivalent for 90% attenuation at 75kvp
50mm
.5mm
1mm
100mm
36
Shielding used for sterile field
shadow shield
flat contact
sterile shield
shaped contact shield
37
what type of radiation sources are nuclear fallout, effluents from power plants, radioactive materials, and medical?
manmade sources
cosmic rays
radioactive substances
nuclear sources
38
establishes provisions of minimum standards by the federal government for the accreditation of education programs
Public Law 94-35
Public Law 97-35
ALARA
Public Law 90-602
39
The sum of scattered and leakage radiation
scattered radiation
primary beam
secondary radiation
leakage radiation
40
What is the average dose level of most radiographers
100 mrem per year
1,000 mrem per year
500 mrem per year
50 mrem per year
41
affective means of reducing the risks of genetic defects for the whole population
digital imaging
short exposure times
patient shielding
filtration
42
basic philosophical principle of radiation protection:
Health and safety act
Dosimetry
Shielding
ALARA
43
radiation passing through the tube housing, other than the useful beam
secondary radiation
scattered radiation
useful beam
leakage radiation
44
as filtration increases, beam quality _______ and quantity _____
decreases, increases
decreases, decreases
increases, increases
increases, decreases
45
filtration afforded by the glass envelope, insulating oil and glass window
added filtration
Compensating filtration
film filtration
inherent filtration
46
Adopted in 1953 to replace the roentgen
coulombs per kilogram
rem
rad
curie
47
SI unit for Absorbed dose
sievert
coulombs/kilogram
gray
becquerel
48
what is the relationship between the gray and the rad?
1Gy=1,000 rad
1Gy=10 rad
1Gy=100 rad
1Gy=500 rad
49
What is the effective dose limit during education and training exposure
100 mrem
5,000 mrem
1,500 mrem
500 mrem
50
Dose limit is only specified for general public exposure
True
False
51
when was the snook transformer introduced?
1913
1907
1988
1874
52
effective dose for general public exposure is ______ for continuous or frequent exposure
500 mrem
1500 mrem
5000 mrem
100 mrem
53
What is the equivalent occupational DL to the skin hands and feet
50,000 mrem
1,000 mrem
1,500 mrem
5,000 mrem
54
in a TLD the amount of ____ is proportional to the amount of radiation which interacted with the crystals
protection
light
photons
scatter
55
1 SV=
.1 rem
10 rem
.01 rem
100 rem
56
which of the following is not a federal radiation safety agency
EPA
Us atomic regulatory commission
US nuclear regulatory commission
Us department of affairs
57
A pocket dosimeter is an example of
scintillation detector
Ionization chamber
gas filled detector
geiger muller counter
58
SI unit for Dose Equivalent
becquerel
Gray
Sievert
coulombs/kilogram
59
The exposure switch must allow the radiographer to extend body outside of the booth
True
False
60
To convert rad to gray
multiply by .1
divide by .01
multiply by .01
divide by .1
61
who were the ones developing blood disorders more frequently than the rest of the medical community?
primary provider
nurses
technicians
radiologists
62
what are the 2 types of particulate radiation
Roentgen and Curie
alpha and omega particles
Xray and gamma rays
alpha and beta particles
63
with age filtration _______
increases
decreases
64
Which Law is the consumer patient radiation health and safety act of 1981
Public Law 97-35
Public Law 66-820
Public Law 47-21
Public Law 88-376
65
who was the first casualty of manmade radiation?
Clarence roentgen
Clarence dally
Bushong Daily
Wilhelm conrad roentgen
66
SI unit for radioactivity
sievert
becquerel
coulombs/kilogram
gray
67
Traditional unit of radioactivity is the
curie
roentgen
rem
rad
68
radiation exposure ____ with increased elevation:
increases
decreases
69
what are the two categories of natural radiation?
nuclear and radioactive materials
cosmic and radioactive substances
cosmic and gamma rays
alpha and beta partices
70
simplest of all beam limiting devices, commonly used as dedicated head units; has a lined or lead plate
variable aperture collimator
inherent filtration
cones and cylinders
Arperture diaphragm
71
In 1931 the advisory committee on xray and radium protection recommended tolerance dose equal to
.6 roentgen per week
.6 roentgen per day
.2 roentgen per month
.2 roentgen per day
72
the equivalent dose limit for the fetus is ________
5 mSv or 500 mrem for period of pregnancy
5 mSv or 500 mrem per month
1 mSv or 100 mrem for period of pregnancy
.5 mSv or 100 mrem for period of pregnancy
73
what accounts for more than half of the exposure the general public receives?
nuclear substances
cosmic rays
gamma rays
radioactive substances
74
which of the following is not a factor that determines barrier thickness
exposure switch
control
occupancy
distance
75
Medical and dental exposure accounts for what % of manmade radiation exposure to the general public
60%
80%
75%
90%
76
forms of electromagnetic radiation
Rem and Rad
xrays and gamma rays
microwaves and gamma rays
Alpha and Beta Particles
77
what are the two sources of radiation?
natural and manmade
natural and electrical
manmade and photons
alpha and beta particles
78
The skin, hands, feet dose for general public exposure
1,500 mrem
50,000 mrem
15,000
5,000 mrem
79
which law provides minimum standard for the accreditation of education programs for people who administer rad procedures
public law 97-46
public law 88-35
public law 97-35
public law 97-506
80
the secondary barrier must be ___ lead equivalent
1/24 inch
1/16 inch
1/32 inch
1/32 cm
81
Manmade sources is what % of the total radiation exposure to the public
18%
24%
20%
60%