Ch 4 The Church in the Middle Ages

In the end, there were no positive effects of the Crusades.

Charlemagne opposed the forced conversion of conquered peoples and fought the pope on this matter.

Pepin’s son “Charles the Great” who was a devout Christian and visionary ruler whose goal was to Christianize Europe

The time when the papacy was under the control of the French king; aka the Babylonian Captivity

The Papal Inquisition:

A French monastery which became a fountainhead of reform activity

As the Church was caught up in feudalism, some bishops and abbots became powerful and their spirituality suffered.

Muhammad was the founder of Islam

A powerful weapon of popes because medieval people believed that death outside the Church was a sentence to eternal hell

The College of Cardinals is:

The Byzantine Empire was more preoccupied with fending off the Muslims that the West.

Considered the last Church Father, and was also a crusading reformer, brilliant organizer, and spiritual master

__ made spiritual reforms: use of the vernacular; clerical life; secrecy of the confessional; numbering of sacraments

He was the pope's representative who crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

"Begging" religious orders

A territory in modern-day central Italy which was overseen by the pope from the eight century until 1870

The bishop's chair

The monastery at Cluny:

A time of great achievement in the Middle Ages when the Church and Western society were one

The final cleansing away of all sine and of all consequences of sin

The Roman book for use in Liturgy

Western/Papal Schism is a period in which there were at times two or even three popes

A Spanish priest who founded the Order of Preachers to combat heresies, most notably Albigensianism in southern France

"Antipope" is a false claimant of the Holy See

The Church's alliance with pagan tribes provided ___ during the Early Middle Ages.

The Council that resolved the the asserted theory that Church reform and government best took place through a council.

__ taught that all matter is evil and the spirit is inherently good

An official papal document sealed with a red wax seal known as bulla

A unified military response from Christians seeking to recover custody of holy sites in the Holy Land

Founder of the Order of Friars Minor who lived simply among the people, bringing Christ to the marketplace

Pleaded with Pope Gregory XI to return the papacy to Rome from France

Pepin the Short had much to gain in aligning himself with the Church.

An erroneous idea that an ecumenical council had more authority than the pope and could depose him if they desired

Criticized the financial policies of the Avignon papacy, attacked papal authority, dismissed validity of the hierarchy

The Donation of Pepin was a:

A bishop who traveled throughout Ireland converting local Celtic kings and establishing monasteries

Governing system in Europe where a superior/lord granted land to a vassal in return for military services

Boniface's papal bull Unam Sanctam asserted:

Simony was a practice in the Middle Ages whereby secular rulers chose the bishops for their territories

Church tribunal in the 13th century that was designed to curb Albigensianism

The system developed by Aquinas balancing faith and reason and relying on classical philosophy and the Church Fathers

A semi religious order of knights loosely based on the rule of St Benedict.

Lay investiture is the controversial practice of selling and buying positions of favor within the Church

Church teaching which holds that the substance of bread/wine is changed into the substance of the Body/Blood of Christ

The word that best describes the papacy during the 9th to 11th centuries.

A British monk who evangelized the European continent and developed an effective relationship with the Frankish kings